셀룰로오스/NMMO(N-Methylmorpholine N-Oxide) 용액의 제조조건에 따른 섬유 물성의 변화

백홍석,박종수 한국섬유공학회 1993 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.30 No.8

When cellulose was dissolved in N-methylmorpholine N-oxide(NMMO)/water solution without an antioxidant, the degree of polymerization(DP) of cellulose was lowered with dissolution time elapsed due to oxidative degradation. The DP of cellulose was rapidly reduced at elevated temperature. However, the reduction of DP could be somewhat prevented by adding propylgallate as an antioxidant to cellulose solutions. The effect of dissolution time on the physical properties of regenerated cellulose fibers was also investigated. As the dissolution time increased, the birefringence and the degree of ciystallinity of regenerated cellulose fibers decreased. The increase of the dissolution time also led to the reduction of mechanical strength and modulus due to the reduced DP. The infrared spectra of the prepared fibers showed an intermediate character between pulp and viscose rayon. The mechanical strengths and moduli of the cellulose fibers spun from cellulose-NMMO solutions regardless of the addition of antioxidant were greater than those of viscose rayon. It was attributed to a dry-jet/wet spinning technique which was different from the conventional viscose process. This technique made possible the extrusion of cellulose solutions of higher DP and the molecular orientation due to the elongation flow in the air gap. The cross-section of cellulose fiber produced from NMMO solvent system was round type like the high tenacity viscose rayon. The birefringence of the regenerated cellulose fibers was similar to that of high modulus rayon.

우리나라 응급의료기금 운영실태 및 문제점

백홍석 사단법인 한국응급구조학회 2005 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.9 No.2

응급통신소생술 도착전지시 프로토콜 기본설계 방안

백홍석,김정현,오용교,조현 한국응급구조학회 2000 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.4 No.1

As technology advances rapidly, emergency medical dispatching systems must also advance. Optimal emergency medical dispatching requires the courage to practice medicine at dispatch. Modern emergency medical dispatch provides appropriate resource responses with the use of an (Advanced Medical priority Dispatch System(AMPDS) in U.S.A. The AMPDS is a systematic protocol for all aspects of the dispatch process. Based on the AMPDS chief complaint list, we initiated a basic design on pre-arrival instruction protocol and completed the scripted pre-arrival instruction protocol, using Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) protocol. Implementation of this study creates computerized emergency medical dispatching system for future enhancements, such as the AMPDS.

서울시 消防救急車서비스 需要 決定要因

백홍석 한국응급구조학회 2008 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.12 No.3

초석잠(Stachys sieboldii MIQ) 뿌리 추출물의 항산화 활성 고찰

백홍석,나영수,김도한,이창한,류병호,송승구 한국생명과학회 2004 생명과학회지 Vol.14 No.1

The root of Stnchys Sieboldif MIQ was extracted three times with methanol and extract was found to contain 3.02% of polyphenols and 1.97% of flavonoids. DPPH radical scavenging method, ferric thiocyanate method, and nitrite scavenging ability method were employed to investigate the constituents of the extract and to measure their activity on antioxidation. The fraction extracted by ethylacetate showed higher anti oxidation value than that of $\alpha-tocopherol$, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at the same concentration. UV-VIS spectral data of the extract by ethylacetate that was isolated on a silica gel column proved adsorption maxima in the range of 280∼330 nm. The fraction ES-RS that has $\lambda_{max}(nm)$ of band 1, 325nm and band II, 289nm exhibitd the strongest activity on antioxidation. ES-R5 fraction showed similar pattern to flavones by the analysis of UV-VIS spectral data.

응급의료기금, 무엇이 문제인가?

백홍석,이준호,김익성,박현숙,박상섭,Baek, Hong-Seok,Lee, Jun-Ho,Kim, Igic-Sung,Park, Hyun-Suk,Park, Sang-Sub 한국임상보건과학회 2013 한국임상보건과학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Purpose. Based on the comparison and analysis with those of United States, the aim of this research is to find the problems in current management, operation and future directions of emergency medical service (EMS) fund in S. Korea and to provide basic resources and appropriate measures to make a right decision in policies for EMS fund. Methods. Data from Ministry of Health and Welfare and other various sources during 1995 to 2012 were collected and analyzed. Results. From our analyses, several problems are identified in EMS fund operation. In brief, problems discerned are as follows. First, whereas the purpose and direction of EMS fund operations in United States are highlighted and focused on pre-hospital EMS system and associated infrastructures which need to be constructed, those of S. Korea are emphasized mainly on the in-hospital EMS system so far. Second, on the contrary to the fact that the EMS funds in United States are tuned to pre-hospital EMS system to provide prompt and efficient emergency care at the emergency scene of pre-hospital stage and to achieve the development, design, planning and demonstration projects for pre-hospital EMS systems, up to date, our investment of EMS funds demonstrated an excess biased inclination toward the construction of in-hospital EMS system, which is far from the realization of constructive and vital pre-hospital infrastructures. Third, while emergency medical technician is important and principal body in the management of emergency medical funds in United States, so far, no EMS funds in S. Korea existed for EMTs including the job condition, improved treatment and working environment for them. Conclusion. In conclusion, we strongly suggest that the problems pointed out must be revised and corrected. Current usage of EMS fund needs to be redirected predominatly to pre-hospital EMS system. Otherwise, unless current management and investment of emergency medical funds in S. Korea are applied and used for the vital necessities and demands of EMTs, public EMS units and private EMS units as well as related units in pre-hospital EMS system as in the cases of United States, in our consideration, they must be suspended or abolished.

응급의료체계의 개선방안에 관한연구 : 응급구조사의 역할을 중심으로

백홍석 서울保健大學 1996 論文集 Vol.16 No.1

Emergency Medical Service System is an organized medical operation which provides quality emergency care at the right time to the right victim. So the role of the emergency medical technician (EMT) must actively work as an efficient care-giver. Unfortunately, there has been no clear guiding principle about the EMT's role in Korea. This study developed the role of the EMT by three stages : 1. The role of medical telephone counseling Emergency Medical Service Center has a nervous system which dispatches mecical information by means of telecommunication. So the telephone counselor must be trained both medically and technically, because the one gives pre-arrival instructions to lead the victim's relatives. The one also needs appropriate counselling skills, as well as sorting out various information systematically. The telephone counselors in Korea do not have medical orientation, so they must be replaced gradually by EMT's. 2. The role of prehospital care In the field the EMT evaluates the scene of accident and the victim, sets up priority of care, initiates life-support procedures, and transports the victim without hesitation. The one must open channel to the victim's relatives, hospital medical team, and other rescue workers. 3. The role of hospital care There have been problems because poorly trained EMT's tend to leave the hospital without complete transferral. The EMT must not leave the victim untill the one reports medical conditions of the victim to the hospital's medical staff. He/she writes "pre hospital care report," and hands over the victim's properties. The EMT must be an active member of the hospital's emergency team.

우리나라 구급의료지도체계 실태 및 강화 방안

백홍석 한국웰니스학회 2019 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.14 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual condition of fire emergency medical direction system in Korea and to provide an opportunity to look at reality through strengthening of current emergency medical services. For this study, statistical yearbook of 119 emergency services provided by the fire department, related literature survey and telephone consultation were analyzed. As a result, there is no significant difference in the number of emergency care instruction items compared with 10 years ago, and therefore, the present medical direction contents are not greatly changed, and only the legal strengthening of the medical director system exists. Therefore, in order to provide high-quality first aid services economically and efficiently as in the case of the United States, it is required to strengthen the standard of emergency care on the site prepared by the legal medical director, and the range of legal emergency care. 본 연구는 우리나라의 소방 구급의료지도체계의 실태 조사와 함께 현재의 구급 서비스의 강화 방안을 통하여 현실을 돌아볼 수 있는 계기를 마련하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 소방청에서 제공되는 119 구급서비스 통계연보 및 관련 문헌 조사 및 전화 상담 등을 통하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 10년 전과 비교하면 응급처치 지도 항목의 수에는 큰 차이가 없으며, 따라서 현재의 의료지도 내용은 크게 달라진 것이 없고 단지 구급지도의사체계의 법적 강화만이 존재한다. 지도의사에 의한 응급처치 지도 항목들은 응급의료에 관한 법률에서 규정된 1급 응급구조사가 의료지도 없이도 능히 할 수 있는 항목들로써, 미국의 경우처럼 중증 응급환자 발생 시 직접 의료지도 및 간접 의료지도인 프로토콜에 의한 전문심장소생술(ACLS) 및 전문외상소생술(ATLS)에서 사용할 수 있는 다양한 응급 약물 등의 투여 등을 시행할 수 있는 시기는 요원해 보인다.

한국과 일본의 구급실태 비교연구

백홍석 한국응급구조학회 2004 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.8 No.1

응급 이송환자의 급성질환군과 사고부상군과의 특성 요인 분석

백홍석 한국웰니스학회 2010 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.5 No.2