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백지형,Arul Vignesh,손현위,이동훈,노구섭,강상수,조경재,최완성,김현준 한국뇌신경과학회 2019 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.28 No.2
Chronic immobilization stress (CIS) induces low levels of glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) and hypoactive glutamatergic signaling in the mouse prefrontal cortex (PFC), which is closely related to the Glu-Gln cycle. A Gln-supplemented diet ameliorates CISinduced deleterious changes. Here, we investigated the effects of CIS and Gln supplementation on Glu-Gln cycle-related proteins to characterize the underlying mechanisms. Using the CIS-induced depression mouse model, we examined the expression of 11 proteins involved in the Glu-Gln cycle in the PFC. CIS decreased levels of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) and sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter (SNAT) 1, SANT2, SNAT3, and SNAT5. Gln supplementation did not affect the non-stressed group but significantly increased GLT1 and SNATs of the stressed group. By immunohistochemical analysis, we confirmed that SNAT1 and SNAT2 were decreased in neurons and GLT1, SNAT3, and SNAT5 were decreased in astrocytes in the medial PFC of the stressed group, but Gln-supplemented diet ameliorated these decrements. Collectively, these results suggest that CIS may cause depressivelike behaviors by decreasing Glu and Gln transportation in the PFC and that a Gln-supplemented diet could prevent the deleterious effects of CIS.
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Differential gene expression profiles in the salivary gland of Orius laevigatus
백지형,이시혁 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.4
To determine differential gene expression profiles in the salivary gland of a predatory flower bug species, Oriuslaevigatus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), a subtractive cDNA library was constructed by suppression subtractivehybridization. The major transcripts encoding trypsins [30.4% of the total expressed sequence tags (ESTs)]were eliminated from the library in silico, and the remaining salivary gland-specific genes were investigated. Atotal of 501 ESTs were clustered and assembled into 126 contigs (63 multiple sequences and 63 singletons). Approximately 58% of themwere matched to insect genes. In total, 29 contigs (163 ESTs) in the library were determinedto be differentially transcribed in the salivary gland. A hemolysin-like protein populated 8.2% (42 ESTs)of the library. Hemolysin is known to destruct cells, including blood cells, by forming pores on the cell membrane,likely facilitating O. laevigatus feeding. Digestive enzymes and antimicrobial proteins were also identified fromthe salivary gland-specific library. Genes related to homeostasis, antioxidation, anticoagulation and neuropeptideor peptide hormone processingwere also found to be transcribed in the O. laevigatus salivary gland. Severalmajorcontigs encoded putative secretory salivary proteins, but their functional assignments were not identified inexisting protein databases. The discovery of salivary gland-specific genes supports further studies on biologicallyactive components in the saliva of O. laevigatus.
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백지형,Hyun Woo Kim,Won-Ja Lee,Si Hyeocmk Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.4
A rapid, simple and accurate real-time PASA (PCR amplification of specific allele) (rtPASA) protocol was developed and optimized for the frequency estimation of the Gly119Ser mutation in the type-1 acetylcholinesterase locus, putatively associated with organophosphate resistance, in pooled DNA samples of Anopheles sinensis, a major vector mosquito of malaria in Korea. Performance of the rtPASA protocol was evaluated by comparing with the data generated from individual genotypings of a field population. The resistance allele frequency of the population (74.4%) predicted from the linear regression line of the rtPASA agreed well with that estimated from the individual genotyping (74.1%), demonstrating its reliability and accuracy. Using this rtPASA protocol, the resistance allele frequency in 10 local populations of An. sinensis was determined to range from 74.4% to 97.2%, suggestive of the widespread organophosphate resistance in An. sinensis in Korea.
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백지형,오정훈,김영호,이시혁 한국응용곤충학회 2013 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.16 No.4
To investigate genes differentially expressed in the venom of social and solitary wasps, a comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted. Subtractive expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries specific to the venom gland and sac (gland/sac) of a social wasp species, Vespa tropica and a solitary hunting wasp species,Rhynchium brunneum, was constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization. In BLASTx analysis, 41%and 56% of the total ESTs showed statistically best-matched hits (E ≤ 10−4) in the libraries of V. tropica and R. brunneum, respectively. Although the functional category analysis did not show remarkable differences in the distribution of functional categories between the two venom gland/sac cDNA libraries, perhaps due to the lack of functional information on many of the venom components, there were groups of genes that are specific to either V. tropica or R. brunneum. Venom allergen 5 and serine protease were found to be social wasp-specific venom transcripts. In contrast, venom peptides, metalloendopeptidases, arginine kinase and dendrotoxin were observed in solitary wasp at much higher frequencies.
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Comparison and contrast of plant, yeast, and mammalian ER stress and UPR
Rupak Chakraborty,백지형,배은영,김외연,이상렬,김민갑 한국응용생명화학회 2016 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.59 No.3
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a wellcharacterized protein folding mechanism in eukaryotic organisms. Many secretory and membrane proteins are folded in the ER before they are translocated to their functional destination. Various conditions, such as biotic, abiotic, or physiological stresses, lead to the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER, resulting in ER stress. In response to ER stress, cells initiate a protective response called the unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain cellular homeostasis. Previous studies suggest that inositol-requiring kinase 1 (IRE1) is a universal ER stress sensor in yeast, mammals, and plants. IRE1-mediated splicing of UPR transducers, such as HAC1, XBP1, and bZIP60, triggers the UPR in yeast, mammals, and plants, respectively. In mammals, activated transcription factor 6 and double stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinases are involved in the UPR. In plants, the additional UPR transducers bZIP28 and bZIP17 are activated by Golgi-localized S1P and S2P proteases. Subsequently, these UPR transducers are exported to the nucleus and upregulate the expression of UPR-responsive genes encoding BiP, calreticulin, calnexin, protein disulfide isomerase, and glucose-regulated protein 94 to decrease the amount of misfolded proteins and induce endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. In plants, the UPR signaling pathway plays an important role in ER homeostasis and normal biological processes; however, the molecular mechanisms of the UPR in plants remain poorly understood. This paper provides an overview of the regulatory and signaling mechanisms of the UPR across kingdoms. In addition, the emerging role of the UPR in plant physiology and defense response will be discussed.
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