범죄피해자 통합적 지원네트워크에 있어 사회연결망 분석을 통한 경찰의 역할 고찰

백일홍(Baek, Il Hong) 한국피해자학회 2017 被害者學硏究 Vol.25 No.2

Recent, the police has expand dedicated victim support system throughout the country, taken action rapidly to several crime victims and cooperated with the related organizations. Concretely, it’s a golden time that the victim can first contact with police after crime, so it’s very important that the police cooperated with the related organizations and has the closed network in order that the police supports victim’ needs. In this integrative victim supporting system, Department of Justice, the police and the prosecutor should be a key role for victim support. Also it agrees with Ministry of Gender Equality and Family should be the one of member. If it is so, we should check the victim support network and understand what kind of structure presented. Furthermore, we need to analyze some crimes are connected with which organizations as the central role. This paper is for understanding the network of organizations, especially, the police has what kind of role in this network of victim support depending on type of crime. And it suggest the effective role in integrative victim support system by the social network analysis.

피해자를 위한 통합적 지원네트워크 구축에 있어 경찰의 기대역할

백일홍 ( Il Hong Baek ),장규원 ( Gyu Won Chang ) 한국경찰학회 2015 한국경찰학회보 Vol.17 No.4

최근 피해자를 보호하고 지원하는데 추진되는 정책은 지역사회 중심으로 ‘통합적인 지원네트워크’를 구축하여 유관기관과 지역 민간단체가 협약하여 신속하고 체계적인 지원서비스를 제공하고자 한다. 기존에 법무부와 민간단체에서는 다양한 방법으로 피해자를 지원하기 위해 인적·물적 네트워크를 구축해왔지만, 경찰에서는 자체적인 예산부족과 수사기관의 충돌되는 역할로 인해 소극적인 것이 사실이다. 경찰조직 창설 70주년인 금년을 ‘범죄피해자 보호 원년의 해’로 지정하고, 피해자보호 정책을 수립하고 유관기관들과의 협력체계를 구축하기 위해 ‘피해자보호담당관실’을 신설하는 등 다양한 노력을 꾀하고 있다. 이러한 통합적인 지원네트워크의 목적과 내용을 기반으로 경찰조직에서 시행되는 피해자 보호 및 지원체계에 대해 살펴보고, 통합적인 네트워크를 구축하는데 있어 한계점을 논의한다. 또한 통합적인 지원네트워크가 가지는 민간단체를 중심으로 한 협약체계에 그치는 한계점을 극복하기 위해 네트워크이론에서 논의되는 중심성(centrality) 개념을 통해 경찰조직이 가지는 사건인지의 신속성, 피해자 접근성, 유관기관의 연계성을 바탕으로 지원네트워크에서 중심조직으로서 기대역할을 논의하고, 가상의 사례를 통해 지원체계 및 방향을 제안해본다. Recent policies for protecting and supporting victims are ‘the integrated assistance network’ based on community is consisted of institutions and private facilities related that provides rapid and systematic assistance services. Formerly, Ministry of Justice and private facilities tried to set a personal and material network by various way to support victim. But police was more passive than other cause of the lack of budget for victim and the role of investigative agency. This year, marked the 70 years foundation, police designate as ‘the first year for victim support’ and establish ‘victim support division’ for making policies about victim support and building a cooperative system. Based on this integrated assistance network’s purpose and content, the paper is examined victim support system in police and discussed limits to setting the integrated assistance network. Also, this paper is discussed about concept of centrality in network theory and that concept applied to police characteristics, such as, immediacy of crime, accessibility of victim, connection of institutions, so as to solve the limit setting network only by way of private facilities. Based on them, it is discussed the role of police in assistance network and suggest assistance system and direction through hypothetical cases.

피해자 신변보호에 대한 경찰의 활동과 개선방안

백일홍(Baek, Il-Hong),장규원(Chang, Gyu-Won),박호현(Park, Ho-Hyun) 한국피해자학회 2015 被害者學硏究 Vol.23 No.3

Recently, crime victim is revictimized by offender for reporting to police, called ‘retaliatory crime’ is increasing. In particular, the relationship between victim and offender is an acquaintance or offender threat to criminal reporter and witness by reason of disadvantage statement besides a direct victim. Criminal Justice Organization, including Police, take a role of revealing the truth about crime and protecting victim and witness who give important information, so they should make sure to provide an institutional strategy for participating in criminal procedure safety. To do this, this paper examine for the protection system of crime victim based on the law. In detail, we can divided into assistant system, physical safety, personal information, also check personal information based on law. Furthermore, it draws features from Police Official Crime Statistics, features of criminal type and cases of retaliatory crime. Based on those, this paper examine the protection system of crime victim by Police from pre-investigation stage, discuss system’s problems and measures to improve. This paper discuss importance of policing for retaliatory crime and system’s problems and measures to improve further than existing researches suggested general policy proposal from checking law.

범죄피해자를 위한 초기대응으로 경찰의 피해자전담체계에 관한 비교연구

백일홍(Baek, Il-Hong),박호현(Park, Ho-Hyun) 한국형사정책학회 2016 刑事政策 Vol.28 No.2

Recent, the police implements policies for victim support police officer through holing starting ceremony on February 2015, employs a specialist who major in counselling psychology, social welfare. It means they make much of professionalism for effective victim support and assistance by the police. Victim support police officer has been running for ten years through reorganization, but it was actually the first time as national operating. So this paper explains features and the passage of change by comparing recent victim support system and former one. Further, this examines victim support activities in the police by discussing victim advocate program in USA. On a basis of above discussing, this paper suggests proposals for making full use of police’s initial response and their professionalism by considering police initial response(such as crisis intervention), relationship with victim of crime and characteristic of victim in criminal investigation process.

형사조정의 성립과 만족 요인에 대한 평가 분석

이동원(Lee Dong Weon),백일홍(Baek Il Hong) 대검찰청 2016 형사법의 신동향 Vol.0 No.51

본 연구는 형사조정의 성립과 만족에 관련된 다양한 요인에 대한 탐색을 목적으로 한다. 이에 형사조정회의에 참여한 형사조정 사건의 당사자 770명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 설문자료에 대한 분석을 통하여 발견된 사실을 요약하여 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 형사조정의 성립과 사건 당사자의 만족도는 유의미한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 조정이 성립된 당사자의 20.3%는 형사조정에 대한 만족도가 9점 만점에서 5점 이하로 나타났으며, 조정이 불성립된 당사자의 36.9%의 만족도는 6점 이상인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 형사조정에 관련된 다양한 요소 중에서 개선이 필요한 부분은 ‘형사조정제도에 대한 사전 설명’, ‘형사조정회의 시간의 충분한 확보’, ‘조정 합의안 마련시 당사자 의견의 반영’, ‘심판자가 아닌 조정자의 역할 수행’ 등으로 나타났다. 셋째, 형사조정의 성립에 영향을 미치는 유의미한 요인은 ‘자율성’, ‘형사조정 이후의 사건 처리 절차 설명’, ‘편안하고 안전한 조정회의 분위기’, ‘조정위원의 태도’, ‘조정위원의 자질’, ‘당사자 간 관계회복 강조’ 등으로 나타났다. 반면에 당사자의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 유의미한 요인은 ‘조정의 성립 여부’, ‘당사자 간 관계회복의 강조’, ‘조정위원의 자질’, ‘조정위원의 역할’로 나타났다. 넷째, 다양한 요인 중에서 ‘관계회복의 강조’와 ‘조정위원의 자질’은 형사조정의 성립여부뿐만 아니라 형사조정의 성립 여부에 상관없이 형사조정에 대한 만족도에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 형사조정회의에서는 단순히 금전적 배상을 통한 피해회복보다는 당사자 간 관계회복에 더욱 주력하여야 하며, 아울러 조정위원의 자질향상을 위한 방안 마련도 필요하다. This paper aims to investigate the multiple factors related to settlement of and satisfaction with Victim-Offender Mediation(VOM). For this aim, questionnaires were distributed to 770 who once attended the VOM as the parties of criminal cases. The result from the analysis of the replies to the questionnaires could be summed up as follows: First, the settlement of VOM and satisfaction of the related parties with such settlement were found to have significant relationship with each other. In fact, 20.3% of the related parties whose cases were finally settled gained 5 points or lower out of 9 in full scores in their satisfaction with the criminal settlement. Whereas, however, 36.9% of the parties whose cases could not be settled expressed satisfaction with higher than 6 points. Second, among the diverse factors related to VOM, it was suggested to improve as follows: ‘introduction of prior briefing about VOM’, ‘arrangement of sufficient time for mediation meetings’, ‘inclusion of the related party’s opinions’, ‘performance of role not as a judge but as a mediator’. Third, the significant factors that could affect settlement of VOM might include ‘autonomy’, ‘explanation of the procedure to handle the case following VOM’, ‘comfortable and safe atmosphere during the mediation meetings’, ‘attitude and qualification of mediators’, and ‘emphasis on restoration of relationship between victim-offender’. On the other hand, the significant factors that could affect satisfaction of the related parties might include ‘settlement of mediation’, ‘emphasis on restoration of relationship between victim-offender’, ‘qualification and role of mediators’. Fourth, it became obvious that ‘emphasis on restoration of relationship’ and ‘qualification of mediators’ could exercise impact upon satisfaction with VOM regardless of settlement. Therefore, It is necessary for VOM to concentrate more on restoration of relationship between victim-offender than recovery of damage by monetary compensation as well as to work out measures to advance qualification of mediators.

관광 치안서비스 분야를 통한 민간경비산업 활성화 방안

박한호(Park, Han Ho),백일홍(Baek, Il Hong) 동국대학교 사회과학연구원 2015 사회과학연구 Vol.22 No.4

오늘날 관광산업은 급속도로 성장하고 있다. 관광산업의 성장이 천연자원의 이용을 넘어 문화와 콘텐츠를 활용함에 따라 관광자원의 한계를 무너트렸기 때문이다. 특히, 우리나라의 경우 한류 콘텐츠가 급부상하면서 정부에서도 국가주요산업으로 육성하고 있다. 최근 메르스의 여파로 관광산업이 큰 타격을 겪었지만 질병에 대한 두려움이 종식된 이후는 이전과 같이 관광산업이 제자리를 찾고 있다. 메르스 사태에서 볼 수 있듯이 관광은 안전에 매우 민감한 반응을 보이는 산업이다. 관광지가 원주민과는 다른 문화를 가지는 지역이라는 점을 감안한다면, 본능적으로 안전에 대한 인간의 욕구를 충족해야만 관광객은 관광지를 선택할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 관광산업과 민간경비 산업의 연계를 통해 새로운 사업의 창출을 유도하고 민간경비활동을 활용하여 보다 안전한 관광으로 관광지역내 범죄를 예방함에 따른 치안확보방안을 구축하는 것을 논의하였다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 관광범죄에 대한 일반적 이해와 특성은 물론 민간경비활동의 필요성을 논의하고 나아가 민간경비활동을 통한 관광지 치안확보전략을 모색한다. The Korean tourism industry is growing fast due to the development of the Korean Wave. The Korean government is correspondingly increasing support and investment for this movement. When the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSC) was spread in 2015, the number of tourists who visit Korea substantially decreased. After the fear of the virus disappeared, however, the Korean tourism industry has been restored to its original condition. Considering the experience of national emergency caused by the MERSC, tourism industry is highly associated with tourists’ safety and security. Tourists may select their destination in which they feel safe. The purpose of this study is to discuss, 1) how to create an affiliated business that combines the tourism industry and the private security industry, and 2) how to prevent crime in the tourist destinations through the use of private security forces. This study focuses on what a “tourism-crime” is, why private security is necessary for developing the tourists’ safety, and finally how policing strategy in cooperation with private sectors is established.

회복적 이념의 형성 과정에 관한 고찰

장규원(Chnag Gyu Won),백일홍(Baek Il Hong) 한국피해자학회 2014 被害者學硏究 Vol.22 No.2

As we have shown, humans have used forms of restorative justice for the larger part of their existence. Criminal law and the often destructive retributive answer to crime, or more recently, the failed rehabilitative efforts, have been fairly new. Forms of restorative justice, as we could find them in acephalous societies and especially early state societies seem to be the better answer to the crime problem of today's societies. For example, the family group conferences and other forms of conflict resolution as practiced by indigenous people seem to be in this context the most promising ones, and can look to an extraordinarily long tradition. The advantage of such programs lie in their healing power for all involved people, and the participation of the enlarged family, social group and community.

회복적 교정을 통한 피해자와 가해자의 관계개선에 관한 연구

장규원(Chang, Gyu-Won),백일홍(Baek, Il-Hong) 한국피해자학회 2013 被害者學硏究 Vol.21 No.2

In our correction’s system, the main purpose is that prisoners(offenders) make well to go back to their society. If the correctional institutions work for isolation from society, this can not only conflict with ideas of correction, but also hard to achieve true improvement for prisoners. Our correctional institutions have tried to apply rehabilitation to the society, resocialization, reintegration to programs since 10 years, but these programs are focused mostly employment training, offering employment, improvement for relationship with their family. If we want to make prisoner truly go back to society, we should try to make prisoners take a responsibility and regret their offense. For these essential functions of correction, applying idea of Restorative Justice-“Improvement of relationship”-will be the best way to take responsibility from their offense by themselves. By the victim tries to restore his/her harm, we can achieve true correction’s ideas. Thus, I want to suggest Victim-Offender Conferencing Program for improvement of relationship in correctional process. I believe this can give an opportunity to restore their offense and set up the correctional circumstance for restoration.

소년연령과 형사책임에 관한 논의 - 소년연령의 기준제시를 중심으로 -

박호현 ( Park Ho-hyun ),백일홍 ( Baek Il-hong ) 제주대학교 법과정책연구원 2020 국제법무 Vol.12 No.2

최근 다양한 소년범죄들이 발생하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 소년범죄들의 발생은 성인들에 의해 발생하는 범죄들과 비교해도 그 잔인성과 흉포성에서 별다른 차이를 보이지 않을 만큼 중요한 사회적 문제로 지적되고 있다. 이러한 소년강력범죄들이 발생할 때마다 국민들은 형법상 형사미성년자 연령인하 내지는 소년법상 소년연령 인하를 주장하면서 동시에 엄벌화를 통한 강력한 처벌을 요구하게 되었다. 특히, 소년범죄의 발생으로 엄벌화의 여론형성은 형사제재의 확대에 초점이 맞추어지게 되었다. 즉, 소년범죄의 연령인하가 사회적 이슈화를 통한 하나의 중요한 화두거리로 인식하게 된 것이다. 그러나 소년들은 성인에 비해 육체적·정신적으로 성숙하지 못했기 때문에 교화와 개선을 통한 사회복귀를 최종의 목표로 삼아야한다. 이러한 목표를 달성하기 위해 소년법이 제정되었고, 소년법은 제1조에서 소년법의 제정목적을 명백히 밝히고 있다. 즉, 소년법은 국가가 범죄를 범한 소년들을 부모와 같이 보호해야 한다는 ‘국친사상’을 핵심적 이념으로 받아들이고 있다. 소년은 교육을 통한 자기반성 그리고 교화와 개선을 통한 사회복귀가 가능하기 때문에 오로지 강력한 처벌만이 해결방안이 될 수 없다. 또한 강력한 처벌은 소년들에게 범죄자라는 오명을 낙인찍어 반성을 통한 올바른 성인으로 살아가는 것을 어렵게 만든다. 소년범죄의 발생은 오로지 소년만의 문제라고 할 수는 없다. 소년들을 둘러싸고 있는 다양한 환경적 요소들이 결합된 문제라고 할 수 있다. 그러므로 단순히 소년법 폐지, 형사미성년자 내지 소년범죄자의 연령인하만이 소년 강력범죄를 예방하거나 감소시킬 수 있는 유일한 방안이 될 수는 없다. 결과적으로 소년연령인하에 의한 강력한 처벌은 일시적인 소년범죄 감소라는 효과를 볼 수도 있다. 그러나 지속적이고 절대적인 해결방안이 될 수 없음을 인식해야한다. 따라서 소년범죄 내지 소년 강력범죄의 발생을 예방하거나 감소시키기 위해서는 다양한 형사정책적 방안들이 마련되어야 하고, 이러한 정책적 방안들은 소년보호라는 소년법상의 이념을 인식하면서 소년범죄의 예방 또는 감소의 효과성을 도출할 수 있는 노력들이어야 할 것이다. Recently, many juvenile crimes have been committed. But these juvenile crimes were no different from adult ones. In other words, it has cruelty and ferocity. Due to these problems, the public insisted on lowering the age of minors under criminal law and the age of boys under the juvenile law. But boys are not physically and mentally mature compared to adults. Therefore, the ultimate goal should be to return to society through enlightenment and improvement. The juvenile law was enacted to achieve these goals. And juvenile law emphasizes that the state should do the role of parents. Therefore, the abolition of juvenile law and the reduction of juvenile age cannot be the only alternative to reducing juvenile crime. As a result, strong punishment by age reduction may have the effect of a temporary reduction in juvenile crimes. But it cannot be a lasting and absolute solution. Therefore, criminal policy measures must be prepared.

혐오표현의 규제 가능성에 대한 논의

박호현(Park, Ho-Hyun),장규원(Chang, Gyu-Won),백일홍(Baek, Il-Hong) 한국피해자학회 2017 被害者學硏究 Vol.25 No.3

Freedom of expression is an important democratic element that has been pursued through historical evolution as the natural rights of people which is ensured by the constitutional law. This democratic evolution works for national development as a prerequisite condition. Various policies of government are necessary in other for national development, but the atmosphere in which other opinions are accepted should be made for it. However if freedom of expression were accepted without limitation, either human rights or honor of other people would have been infringed at least. Especially violation of human rights to the disadvantaged like females, the elderly, the handicapped, the downscale, sex minorities might happen ordinarily in disguise as freedom of expression. Freedom of expression to the disadvantage could bring the result of violation of human rights by being used to make words with the expression like aversion, shame, contempt, discrimination. Therefore even if freedom of expression should be ensured as much as possible, some limitation must exist for preventing violation of human rights and honor of others. However the way of limitation was mostly criminal punishment. It is not sufficient that excess of freedom of expression is limited by only criminal punishment. Therefore it is limited by not only criminal punishment but also civil and administrative punishment, furthermore diverse political discussion is needed for including constructive regulation that is positive one for forming social atmosphere. Accordingly effort of central and local governments is required for constructive regulation, but effort of people themselves on autonomy is required as well.