4-tert-octylphenol에 노출된 장수깔따구 Chironomus plumosus의 생태독성 반응과 기형

방현우(Hyun Woo Bang),이창훈(Chang-Hoon Lee),정경숙(Kyung-Suk Jung),곽인실(Inn-Sil Kwak) 환경독성보건학회 2008 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.23 No.4

The ecotoxicological effects of 4-tert-octylphenol were observed on non-biting midge, Chironomus plumosus collected from Anyang stream in Seoul. The survival rate and adult emergence rate on C. plumosus exposed to octylphenol were not significantly affected. However, 4-ten-octylphenol induced developmental delay and disrupted sex ratio in high concentration of octylphenol. The mouth deformity such as tooth deletion or fusion in mentum, and tooth deletion in mandible were observed exposure to 4-tert-octylphenol. The deformity type of the mentum showed deletion (LT, 6.7%), and fusion (LT, 6.3%). Moreover. tooth deletion of madible was observed in 4-ten-octylphenol treated groups (6.7%. 3ppm).

4-tert-octylphenol에 노출된 저서성 요각류 Tigriopus japonicus s.l.의 발생지연 현상

방현우(Hyun Woo Bang),이원철(Wonchoel Lee),곽인실(Inn-Sil Kwak) 환경독성보건학회 2008 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.23 No.2

The ecotoxicological effects of 4-tert-octylphenol were observed on Harpacticoid copepoda Tigriopus japonicus s.l. gathered and cultured from tidal pool of Korean coast. There were no significant differences in survival rate (except 10 ㎍/ℓ; 70.00%) and sex ratio (except 30 ㎍/ℓ) on T. japonicus s.l. exposed to 4-lert-octylphenol. However, 4-rert-octylphenol induced developmental delay (copepodite emergence day and adult male mergence day) and retardation of first brooding day of adult female. Moreover the body size and biomass decreased at 4-tert-octylphenol exposure. As a result, detailed life-cycle research of T. japonicus s.l. may yield potential bioindicators for environmental monitoring and assessment.

남극 King George Islands, Marian Cove의 중형저서생물 군집 구조에 관한 연구

방현우 ( Hyun Woo Bang ),강성호 ( Sung Ho Kang ),이원철 ( Won Choel Lee ) 한국환경생물학회 2005 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.23 No.2

남극 King George Island, Marian Cove에 서식하는 중형저서생물 군집구조, 수직분포 그리고 요각류 군집을 조사하기 위해 2002년 12월 Marian Cove내 5개 정점과 Nelson Island 북동쪽연안 1개 정점에서 자유 낙하 중력 시추기를 이용하여 채집을 실시하였다. 조사기간 중 중형저서생물은 11개 분류군이 발견되었으며, 출현한 중형저서생물의 총 개체수는 322~1575 indiv. l0cm^(-2) 범위로 평균 781 indiv. 10cm^(-2)로 나타났다. 선충류의 평균 개체수는 693 indiv. 10cm^(-2)로 전체 중형저서생물의 88.7%를 차지하는 우점 분류군으로 나타났으며, 저서성 요각류가 53 indiv. 10cm^(-2)로 6.8%를 차지하며 그 뒤를 이어 우점 하는 분류군으로 나타났다. 퇴적물 깊이에 따른 중형저서생물의 수직분포를 보면 70% 이상의 개체가 표층 0~2cm에 집중되어 나타났으며, 깊이 5cm 이하에서는 5% 이하의 낮은 분포를 보였다. 각 정점별 평균 총 생물량은 41~360 μgC 10cm^(-2) 범위로 평균 205 μgC 10cm^(-2)로 나타났으며, 가장 높은 비율을 차지하는 분류군 역시 선충류로 전체 생물량의 62.4%를 차지했다. SPSS를 이용한 상관계수 분석 결과 온도가 중형저서생물 군집에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 염분도와 유기물 총량은 중형저서생물 군집에 별다른 영향을 끼치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. CCA를 이용한 퇴적물 입자와 각 분류군과의 상관관계 분석 결과 다모류, 빈모류 그리고 쿠마류는 실트 및 점토와 높은 상관관계를 가지며, 요각류와 부등각류, 이매패류는 모래, 유공충류는 잔자갈 그리고 동문동물류와 패충류는 중자갈과 높은 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 조사되었고, 선충류의 경우 각 입자와 상관관계가 매우 낮게 나타났다. 환경오염을 모니터링 하는데 가장 유용한 분류군인 요각류는 모두 9개과 19개 속 19개 종이 출현했으며, 가장 다양한 분류군이 나타난 정점 B에서 7개과 13개 속 13개 종이 출현하였다. The community structure, vertical distribution and harpacticoids composition of the meiofauna community were observed from five stations in Marian Cove, King George Island and one station on the northeastern side of Nelson Island. Sample was taken by a free-fall corer in December 2002. Generally, 11 taxa of meiofauna were found, and meiofauna abundance ranged from 322 to 1575 indiv. 10 cm^(-2) (mean 781 indiv. 10 cm^(-2)). Nematodes were the most dominant group, making up 89% of total meiofauna, followed by harpacticoids (6.8%). Benthic harpacticoids appeared 19 species of nine families at all the stations, and most various taxa appeared at station B (13 species of seven families). For vertical distribution, more than 70% of meiofauna was concentrated in the upper 0~2 cm sediment layers, and the density abruptly decreased with depth in all the stations. Total biomass of meiofauna varied between 41 and 360 μgC 10 cm-2, and overall mean biomass was 205 μgC 10 cm^(-2). Also nematodes had the highest percentage of total maiofauna biomass (62.4%). The analysis results of Canonical Correspondence Analysis between meiofauna community and sediment grain size showed that polychaets, oligochaets and cumaceans were influenced by silt&cray, and sand, granule and pebble had a influence on harpacticoids, kinorhynchs and ostracods respectively. But nematodes were not affected by sediment grain size.

使用者의 懲戒權 行使에 關한 硏究 - 刑事法的 原則의 適用 可能性을 中心으로 -

방현우(Bang, Hyun-Woo) 노동법이론실무학회 2008 노동법포럼 Vol.- No.1

In modern industry, companies seek to effectively utilize their human capital by operating an employer-friendly organizational model that promotes the flexible and intense management of labor resources. The foundation of this system is the process by which employers and employees mutually agree to enter into employment contracts with each other. Under this arrangement, employees agree to perform the labor duties stipulated by the contract as and when requested by the employer. Moreover, the contract also requires the employee to observe additional corporate obligations. These include observance of the corporate code of conduct, protection of confidential information, maintenance of the good image of the company and so on. To the extent that employees provide labor services in a diligent manner and fulfill the duties requested by the employer, the company has no need to apply procedures governing contract violations or take related disciplinary action against the employee. However, when the employer believes that an employee has committed an act of misconduct or has otherwise refused to execute the employers requests, the employer may attempt to take disciplinary action against the employee. In such cases, it is likely that the employer's decision to initiate disciplinary procedures will have significant consequences for the employee. Firstly, the employer will endure substantial censure, including in the worst case the possibility of dismissal. Secondly, unilateral disciplinary action on the part of the employer may cause substantial financial distress for the employee. In the modern employer-employee relationship, the right  of the employer to take disciplinary action against employees who violate internal codes and procedures or refuse to obey instructions, and the role that these procedures play in restraining the actions of other employees, is known as a distinct sanction. Ultimately, the overall relationship between the employer and the employee is governed by the labor contract signed by the two parties. This contract should incorporate the coordinated interests of both parties and be the product of negotiated mutual agreement on an equal partner basis. Given this contractual background, it is necessary to describe the theoretical basis behind the employer's right to take disciplinary actions against an employee, to clarify the boundaries of such actions and to identify more effective supervisory tools that can be aligned with disciplinary objectives. In the first place, it is necessary to note that Korean labor law does not contain any specific provisions relating to an employer's right to take disciplinary action. Rule 1 of Article 30 of the Labor Code, which provides protection against dismissal and other actions injurious to the employee, simply states that employers can not take disciplinary action against employees without 'appropriate reason. While Rule 1 of Article 30 contains the general statement that there is no definition or boundary specifying the limit of what might constitute 'appropriate reasons', in practice this statement is interpreted based on the content of company employment laws or collective agreements. However, where the provisions of such company employment laws or collective agreements are held to be unreasonable, the legal interpretation of whether or not an employer has unjustly taken disciplinary action against an employee becomes a matter of case-by-case legal judgment. For this reason, employers seeking to take disciplinary action against an employee must take care to ensure that they provide an appropriate reason for the disciplinary action taken, conduct the disciplinary process with procedural fairness and make sure that the disciplinary action taken is not disproportionate to the original violation committed by the  employee. Failure to adequately take these steps may be seen as tantamount to an abuse of the employer's right to take disciplinary action, especially in cases where the

황해의 해양환경 모니터링 시스템

허승,박종수,안경호,이윤,최옥인,임동현,황운기,이승민,김평중,방현우,Heo, Seung,Park, Jong-Soo,An, Kyoung-Ho,Lee, Yoon,Choi, Ok-In,Lim, Dong-Hyun,Hwang, Woon-Ki,Lee, Seung-Min,Kim, Pyoung-Joong,Bang, Hyun-Woo 해양환경안전학회 2010 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.16 No.3

황해의 해양환경, 어업자원 및 증양식에 대한 연구 및 개발을 담당하고 있는 국립수산과학원 서해수산연구소에서 해양생태계 보전의 일환으로 황해의 해양환경에 대한 다양한 모니터링을 실시하고 있다. 현재 서해수산연구소가 황해에서 수행 중인 모니터링은 연안정지관측, 서해해양조사, 서해어장환경모니터링, 국가해양환경측정망, 유해적조모니터링, 한중황해환경모니터링조사 및 해파리모니터링 등이 있다. 이러한 모니터링 결과들은 중요 어족의 어장형성 해역에 대한 기초자료를 제공하여 연근해 어업생산성을 제고하고, 기후변동에 따른 향후 수산자원 변동 예측을 위한 기초자료로 활용되고, 한반도 주변해역의 체계적인 해양과학자료를 제공하여 수산업, 해양환경보전, 해양레저 등 한반도 주변해역의 부가가치 창출에 기여하고 있으며, 연안어장의 지속적 생산을 유지하기 위한 어장환경 관리 및 보전정책 수립을 위한 국가 기본 자료로 활용하고 있다. The West Sea Fisheries Research Institute of National Fisheries Research and Development Institute which is in charge of research on marine environment, fisheries resources and aquaculture carries out various monitoring projects with an aim of marine ecosystem conservation. The monitoring projects include costal oceanographic observation, serial oceanographic observation, fishing ground monitoring, national marine environmental monitoring, harmful algal bloom monitoring, Korea-China joint monitoring on the Yellow Sea and jellyfish monitoring. The monitoring produces basic data on fishing ground locations of main fishery species to improve fishery productivity. The data are also used to estimate variations in fisheries resources caused by climate change and to set up the policy for creating economic value from fishery, marine environmental conservation and marine leisure activities and conserving/controlling the marine environment for the sustainable production in the fishing ground.

저서성 요각류 Tigriopus japonicus s.l.에서 항생제 Fenbendazole과 Lincomycin의 영향

이동주(Dong Ju Lee),곽인실(Inn-Sil Kwak),방현우(Hyun Woo Bang),이원철(Wonchoel Lee) 환경독성보건학회 2010 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.25 No.3

The ecotoxicological effects of two antibiotics, fenbendazole and lincomycin, were observed in the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus s.l. collected from tidal pools in the southern coast of Korea. Fenbendazole had a significant effect on the survival rates (p<0.05), delay of copepodite emergence, and urosome size (p<0.05). Lincomycin, on the other hand, had no significant influence on these environmental indicators. However, our analysis of morphological abnormalities in T. japonicus s.l. showed that lincomycin was more effective than fenbendazole in causing deformities. The pattern of deformity was diverse, with fused segments, and loss or addition of setae in the swimming legs. All of these patterns appeared as a result of relatively low concentrations of this antibiotic (0.3, 1㎍ L?¹). We report here patterns of morphological abnormality in T.japonicus s.l. exposed to antibiotics, and suggest their possible application in ecotoxicological monitoring.