http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
2019년도 글로벌 도전과제의 과학기술혁신협력에 관한 연구
박환일(Hwanil Park),장용석(Yongsuk Jang),장진규(Jin Gyu Jang),임영훈(Younghun Lim),성경모(Kyung-Mo Sung),백서인(Seoin Baek),이선아(Seona Lee),이향희(Hwanghee Lee),김지은(Jieun Kim),안지용(Jiyong An) 과학기술정책연구원 2019 정책연구 Vol.- No.-
Global challenges are difficult to be addressed by any government or institution acting alone. They required collaborative action among governments, international organizations, firms. universities and NGOs etc. This research aims to examine how Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Cooperation have an important role in the international society in terms of rising global challenges issue. This research considers three global challenges; 1)Water-Energy-Food(WEF) Nexus, 2)Biodiversity, 3)Emerging Infectious Diseases to be selected with references of World Economic Forum(WEF), UN SDGs and the concept of Global Public Goods from OECD. In addition, this research tries to find the policy implication each modules and proposes the scientific strategies to Korean government with analysis of STEEP and SWOT. Firstly, WEF NEXUS focuses on the role of stakeholder in international society and considers the various space scale with perspective of the Nexus. This issue related to achieve of enhancing the efficiency on resources(water, energy and food), and support the sustainable development in the city, that is called the Urban Nexus. The Korean government needs to design ODA program with the viewpoints of WEF Nexus and encourage R&D policy activities to the stakeholder. The results of five policy orientations are knowledge network advancement in the international level, enhancement of basic research with based on data, settlement of international initiative and leadership in Asia, adoption of core national policy based on nexus and interconnection between ODA program and WEF Nexus. Secondly, there are two core issues in the module of biodiversity; 1)application on biological resource related to Access and Benefit Sharing(ABS) and 2)information resources(DNA and RNA). In the issue of biodiversity, it results with five policy orientations; 1)foundation of biological resources industry innovation committee under presidential office, 2)protection of biological resources with intellectual property rights, 3)secure the biological resources with ODA program, 4))establishment on biological resources collaborative system between Korea and China and 5)settlement of strategic STI cooperation. Lastly, the issue of Emerging Infectious Diseases has been to consider internationally with the emergence of Evola in 2014. Domestically, after Mers syndrome in 2015, STI approaches has been embraced to solve the unpredictable diseases in all over the world. Thus, it needs to significantly consider to invest R&D activity and develop a monitoring and evaluation of quarantine system. 1)Enhancement of R&D activity in the field of infectious disease into global market, 2)Strengthen network with establishment of oversea local lab, 3)Interconnection between ODA program and infectious disease R&D project, 4)Foundation of data use and 5)Enhancement of Infectious disease modelling and scenario research are five policy orientations. In regard to the ‘global challenges’, what is important here is that ‘Science, Technology and Innovation(STI) cooperation’ could be answer which considers any approaches and its role for questioning and for ‘solving’ in general. Applying STI cooperation approach to policymaking is an essential tool considering important qualities of the policy process, including complexity and interconnectivity.
박환일(Hwanil Park),유제현(Jehyun Yu),정지훈(Jihoon Jeong),오채운(Chae Woon Oh),명수정(Soojeong Myeong),강하연(Hayeon Kang) 과학기술정책연구원 2021 정책연구 Vol.- No.-
This study was conducted out of the necessity to seek and materialize effective science diplomacy implementation plans. While the domestic influence of global issues such as intensifying competition for technological hegemony between the United States and China, digital transformation, and climate change is expanding, the importance of science diplomacy is strengthening to solve such problems. Therefore, by utilizing the results of existing research, the effects of science and technology diplomacy were analyzed from various angles, and directions for establishing the domestic foundation necessary for carrying out science and technology innovation diplomacy were presented. Based on the three classification -‘Diplomacy for Science’, ‘Science in Diplomacy’, and ‘Science for Diplomacy’- in a report published by the Royal Society and AAAS in 2010, the effects of science and technology diplomacy were examined in terms of science and technology, economy and society, and global challenges. In order to lay the foundation for science, technology, and innovation diplomacy, this study investigated and analyzed cases of science diplomacy in major countries and Korea. As a domestic case, we looked at the current status and implications of major diplomatic activities, laws and systems, organizations and personnel, and budgets, focusing on the polar regions, climate change, biodiversity, and ICT, which are specialized fields in which science diplomacy is systematically conducted. As a result, we aregue that it is necessary to prepare a legal basis, establish a policy, and establish organizations and networks as a basis for promoting science, technology, and innovation diplomacy.
전략자원의 글로벌 Tech-Knowledge 패권 경쟁과 한국의 경쟁력 확보
박환일(Hwanil Park),권소현(So Hyun Kwon),성경모(Kyung-Mo Sung),최해옥(HaeOk Choi),유지영(Ji Yeong Yoo),김영진(Young-Jin Kim),김태경(Tae Kyung Kim),김소은(So Eun Kim),박동운(Dongun Park),유제현(Je Hyun Yu),장진규(Jin Gyu Jang),김화년(Hwa 과학기술정책연구원 2020 정책연구 Vol.- No.-
Strategic resources are becoming increasingly important from the viewpoint of innovation beyond economic, social, and security values. They are generally defined as resources that need to be secured stably in order to promote the stability and development of a nation’s industries in a sustainable way. This research focused on oil and grains, for which the Korean economy and industries rely heavily on imports, as the country’s strategic resources. Strategic resources have seen increasingly growing supply-demand imbalance and price volatility due to the COVID-19 pandemic combined with environmental changes such as the worsening climate crisis. At the same time, various innovation initiatives have resulted in notable achievements as digitalization and environmental sustainability are rapidly progressing throughout the development, production, and distribution stages of the oil and grains industry. This study sought to survey the innovation activities taken by global major companies participating in the development, production, and distribution stages of strategic resources such as oil and grains in particular to figure out how they have come to secure global technological supremacy. The ultimate goal of this research is to suggest areas on which the Korean government and businesses should focus their strategic resources in order to maintain their competitive edge given the changing domestic and international environment such as the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change as well as the level of technological competitiveness of the country with regard to the strategic resources it can deploy. Global oil and grain majors are rapidly promoting digitalization and environmental sustainability, leading innovation in the areas through heavy investments in research and development. As a result, it is possible for businesses to create various types of markets and expand into related industries. Korea has been designing and promoting policies aimed at securing overseas resources. Now, it is time to look at its strategic resources from the perspective of innovation and strive to create opportunities to secure tech-knowledge competitiveness in the areas as well. This study chose the digital oil field(DOF) as a strategic position for Korea to create new growth opportunities in the global upstream oil industry, and it is proposing that the country secure competitiveness in the digital oil field through policy efforts in the following areas: First, Korea needs to establish a government-led digital oil field policy and research platform; Second, Korea has to cultivate experts in the digital oil field; Third, it must come up with an incentive system for its resources sector and digital tech companies. Grain majors’ innovation activities provide two main implications for the Korean government and companies. First, it is necessary to respond to the digital transformation spreads in the grains industry. Second, there is a need to concentrate on the development of digital twin technology as a means to responding to global risks. When the development sector is linked to the production sector of the strategic resources, the Digital New Deal and the Green New Deal policies being promoted by the Korean government will become twice as effective. Strategic resources will continue to be developed, produced and utilized, with the combination of digital technology and eco-friendly technology expected to further improve productivity and reduce pollution down the road. Lastly, this study proposes conducting specific follow-up research on the digital oil field with an aim to boost the country’s tech-knowledge competitiveness in the area together with in-depth research on the impact of the application of innovative technologies in the field of grain trading.
글로벌 충격에 대응하는 과학기술 다자협력 전략: 유엔시스템을 중심으로
신은정(Eunjung Shin),박환일(Hwanil Park),박병원(Byeongwon Park),성경모(Kyung-Mo Sung),박동운(Dongun Park),장용석(Yongsuk Jang),장진규(Jin Gyu Jang),권소현(So Hyun Kwon),김지은(Ji Eun Kim),최동주(Dong Ju Choi),김진하(Jinha Kim),오채운(Ch 과학기술정책연구원 2021 정책연구 Vol.- No.-
This study was designed to develop multilateral STI (Science, Technology and Innovation) cooperation strategies in response to the global shocks that we are currently experiencing and that may arise in the future. To this end, this paper first investigated the development of multilateral STI cooperation centered on the United Nations system (UN system), and then surveyed UN system’s response to global shocks such as COVID-19. The key findings of this study are summarized as follows. First, STI cooperation in the UN system has been continuously promoted as a means of achieving international security and development since the establishment of the UN. Security-related STI cooperation has been mainly discussed at the Security Council and the UN General Assembly, and the Related Agencies, such as IAEA, CTBTO, and OPCW, have been also playing a key role. Moreover, STI cooperation for development has been heavily discussed at the Economic and Social Council including CSTD and ESCAP, and Specialized Agencies such as ITU, UPU, IMO, WMO, UNESCO, WIPO, and WHO have also played a significant role for STI cooperation. Furthermore, policy agendas related to innovation, sustainable development, and digital technology have been increasingly emphasized for STI cooperation within the UN system these days. Recently developed organizations, such as the Technology Facilitation Mechanism (TFM) for Sustainable Development, and UNFCCC, are dealing with these emerging needs for STI cooperation. Second, the United Nations system has evolved to respond to global shocks. It has broadened the scope of cooperation in response not only to global security risk but also to economic and financial crises. It has further developed multi-lateral cooperation schemes to cope with various environmental emergencies as well as health emergencies. In particular, the UN system has devised and delivered immediate and comprehensive emergency responses in the amid of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. From the beginning of the outbreak, it defined COVID-19 as a complex crises that combine not only health issues but also socio-economic and humanitarian threats and strived to take comprehensive measures. In this process, the following needs for STI cooperation were identified and met: 1) joint research and R&D collaboration for scientific solutions to COVID-19 (treatment, diagnosis, vaccine, and prevention measures), 2) research data and resource sharing for accelerating R&D, 3) digital technology-based assistance to overcome crises, and 4) global consultation and communication based on reliable scientific information and knowledge. The occurrence of global shocks has led to new development of science-policy interfaces in the UN system. In order to fully utilize the newly created STI cooperation opportunities in emergencies, this study proposes to (1) support more STI experts to get engaged in UN cooperation process, (2) increase Korea’s contribution to global joint research and technology cooperation that directly tackle global crises, (3) actively participate in the UN’s system coordination activities and digital cooperation initiatives, and (4) to propose and lead a future STI cooperation agenda, such as crisis response based on future foresight. Furthermore, it is recommended to continuously strengthen Korea’s existing activities for STI cooperation in the UN system. Lastly, although not fully addressed in this study, STI cooperation beyond the UN system is so important that requires further research.