틸라피아의 해수순치시(海水馴致時) 아가미와 신장(腎臟)의 광학(光學) 및 전자현미경적(電子顯微鏡的) 관찰(觀察)

윤종만,조강용,박홍양,Yoon, Jong-Man,Cho, Kang-Yong,Park, Hong-Yang 한국현미경학회 1993 Applied microscopy Vol.23 No.2

1990년(年) 6월(月) 30일(日)부터 10월(月) 31일(日)까지 또한 1991년(年) 9월(月) 30일(日)부터 1992년(年) 4월(月) 31일(日)까지 본 실험실의 양어장(養魚場)에서 염분(鹽分) 농도(濃度)가 각각 10%o, 20%o, 30%o의 $1.5m^3$인 탱크에서 사육된 100-350g(평균 250g)인 틸라피아(Oreochromis niloticus)의 아가미 및 신장(腎臟)의 미세구조적(微細構造的) 변화(變化)를 알기 위해서 광학현미경(光學顯微鏡)과 주사(走査) 및 투과전자현미경(透過電子顯微鏡)으로 관찰하여 얻어낸 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같이 나타났다. 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 Oreochromis nilotirus의 경우 모두 아가미엽 비대, 아가미엽 상피세포의 분리, 신사구체의 수축, 신장(腎臟)의 울혈(鬱血) 등(等)의 조직학적(組織學的) 변화(變化)가 있었다. 가장 높은 저삼투압(低渗透壓) 능력(能力)은 10%o에서 채취된 틸라피아에서 확인되었고, 이러한 현상은 외형적인 형태를 통해서 확인된 염분순치화(鹽分馴致化)(smoltification)와 일치(一致)되었으며, 실험군 중 틸라피아 저삼투조절능력(低渗透調節能力)은 10%o에서 떨어지기 시작하였다. Oreochromis niloticus의 각 군의 삼투압(渗透壓)은 모두 담수(淡水)의 수준보다 높았고, 모두 300m Osmol 이상으로 나타났다. 아가미엽의 염분세포의 발생빈도와 그 정도는 염분농도(鹽分濃度)의 증가와 더불어 빠르게 증가되었고, 염분세포의 수도 광학(光學) 및 투과전자현미경(透過電子顯微鏡)을 통해서 볼 때 NaCl의 증가와 함께 증가하였다. 삼투압(渗透壓)의 점차적인 증가에 대해서 틸라피아의 체내에 축적된 NaCl과 무기성분(無機成分)을 배출시키기 위해서 혹은 체내의 삼투압(渗透壓)의 균형을 위해서 이러한 결과가 이루어지는 것으로 사료된다. 아가미엽(葉)의 표피(表皮)는 염분농도(鹽分濃度)가 높을수록 요철(凹凸)상태가 심하게 나타났다. 이러한 생리학적 현상들은 모든 경골어류(硬骨魚類)에서 일어나는 것으로 사료되며, 틸라피아와 무지개 송어(松魚)는 조직병리학적(組織病理學的) 변화(變化)에도 불구하고 해수(海水)에 견디어내어 순치(馴致) 적응(適應)하는 것으로 나타났다. 주사전자현미경(走査電子顯微鏡)에 의해서 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 틸라피아의 제 2차(次) 아가미엽(葉)의 미세구조(微細構造)는 적응기간(適應期間) 동안 표면이 울퉁불퉁한 특징을 나타내었고, 투과전자현미경(透過電子顯微鏡)에 의해서는 해수(海水)에 노출된 염분세포내(鹽分細胞內)에 길게 변형된 미토콘드리아가 관찰되었으며, 잘 발달된 cristae가 확인되었고, 담수(淡水)에 서식하던 개체의 염분세포(鹽分細胞)보다 그 수가 증가하였다. 이와같이 미토콘드리아가 풍부한 염분세포의 존재를 통해서 해수(海水)에 적응하는 동안 일어나는 저삼투압조절(低渗透壓調節) 작용(作用)에 중요한 역할을 하는 것이라 사료된다. 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 대부분의 틸라피아는 신장(腎臟)의 보우만 주머니를 가득 채운 신사구체(腎絲球體)를 가지고 있으며, 신사구체(腎絲球體)의 수축은 담수(淡水)에 적응된 개체보다 10%o, 20%o, 30%o에 적응된 개체에서 훨씬 더 많이 발생되었고, 울혈현상(鬱血現象)은 10%o보다 20%o, 30%o에 적응(適應)된 개체의 신장조직(腎臟組織)에서 더많이 발생되었다. 틸라피아의 신사구체(腎絲球體)는 담수(淡水)에서 10%o의 해수(海水)로 이주된지 14일(日) 이후에 신장(腎臟)에서 수축된 것으로 나타났다. 30%o의 해 This study was taken to examine the light microscopic and ultrastructural changes of gill and kidney of female tilapia{Oreochromis niloticus) adapted in 0%o, 10%o, 20%o, and 30%o salt concentrations, respectively, by light, scanning and transmission electron microscope. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows: Gill chloride cell hyperplasia, gill lamellar epithelial separation, kidney glomerular shrinkage, blood congestion in kidneys and deposition of hyalin droplets in kidney glomeruli, tubules were the histological alterations in Oreochromis niloticus. Incidence and severity of gill chloride cell hyperplasia rapidly increased together with increase of salinity, and the number of chloride cells in gill lamellae rapidly increased in response to high external NaCl concentrations. The ultrastructure by scanning electron microscope(SEM) indicated that the gill secondary lamella of tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to seawater, were characterized by rough convoluted surfaces during the adaptation. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) indicated that mitochondria in chloride cells exposed to seawater, were both large and elongate and contained well-developed cristae. TEM also showed the increased chloride cells exposed to seawater. The presence of two mitochondria-rich cell types is discussed with regard to their possible role in the hypoosmoregulatory changes which occur during seawater-adaptation. Most Oreochromis niloticus adapted in seawater had an occasional glomerulus completely filling Bowman's capsule in kidney, and glomerular shrinkage was occurred higher in kidney tissues of individuals living in 10%o, 20%o, 30%o of seawater than in those living in 0%o of freshwater, and blood congestion was occurred severer in kidney tissues of individuals living 20%o, 30%o of seawater than in those living in 10%o of seawater. There were decreases in the glomerular area and the nuclear area in the main segments of the nephron, and that the nuclear areas of the nephron cells in seawater-adapted tilapia were of smaller size than those from freshwater-adapted fish. Our findings demonstrated that Oreochromis niloticus tolerated moderately saline environment and the increased body weight living in 30%o was relatively higher than that living in 10%o in spite of histopathological changes.

돼지의 주요 경제형질에 대한 유전모수 추정에 관한 연구

조영춘,김계웅,박홍양 ( Y . C . Cho,G . W . Kim,H . Y . Park ) 한국축산학회 1998 한국축산학회지 Vol.40 No.5

This study was carried out to obtain basic data for breeding plan in swine. Genetic parameters for economic traits of swine were estimated on the basis of the data from 6,948 pigs of Duroc, Landrace and Large White tested at a swine farm in Young Kwang County, Junnam Province from 1991 to 1997. The heritabilities of average daily gain, age at 90㎏, backfat thickness, body length and body height were 0.26, 0.37, 0.53, 0.40 and 0.40, respectively. The heritabilities of average daily gain in Duroc, Landrace and Large White were 0.29, 0.30 and 0.17, respectively. Those of age at 90㎏ in Duroc, Landrace and Large White were 0.45, 0.43 and 0.25, respectively. The backfat thickness heritabilities in the three breeds were 0.28, 0.53 and 0.54, respectively. T`he heritabilities estimated for body length and body height were 0.17 and 0.39 in Duroc, 0.47 and 0.50 in Landrace, 0.47 and 0.29 in Large White, respectively. The genetic and phenotypic wrrelations of average daily gain with age at 90㎏, estimated for Duroc, Landrace and Large White were -0.313 and -0.759, -0.784 and -0.783, -0.725 and -0.783, respectively. Those of body length with body height were 0.178 and 0.262, 0.514 and 0.294, 0.324 and 0.344, respectively. The correlations of breeding and phenotypic values in Duroc, Landrace and Large White were 0.593, 0.561 and 0.493 in average daily gain, 0.711, 0.730 and 0.552 in age at 90㎏, 0.708, 0.654 and 0.715 in backfat thickness, 0.558, 0.286 and 0.690 in body length, 0.716, 0.328 and 0.702 in body height, respectively.

틸라피아의 해수순치에 (海水馴致) 관한 생리학적 연구 Ⅳ. 광학현미경적 관찰

윤종만(J . M . Yoon),조갑민(K . M . Cho),박홍양(H . Y . Park) 한국축산학회 1992 한국축산학회지 Vol.34 No.6

This study was taken to examine the light microscopic changes in gill, liver, kidney of female tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after adapting in 0‰, 10‰, 20‰, and 30‰ salt concentrations, respectively. Gill chloride cell hyperplasia, gill lamellar epithelial separation, glomerular shrinkage, congestion in kidneys and deposition of hyalin droplets in kidney glomeruli, and tubules were observed in treated fished with saline. Incidence and severity of gill chloride cell hyperplasia and the number of chloride cells were rapidly enhanced with increasing the salinity. These results suggest to excrete sodium chloride and inorganic components accumulated in the body of a fish and to balance osmotic pressure with reference to progressive increase of osmolality. Also the increased number of gill chloride cell seemed to be to maintain homeostasis. However, the separation of the gill lamellar epithelium was severer in the higer saline water. In the seawater-adapted fish, the hepatic cells became somewhat enlarged and some round vacuoles appeared within the cytoplasm. Glormerular shrinkage was occurred higher in individuals in 10‰, 20‰, 30‰ seawater than in those in freshwater. Glomeruli appeared to contract in kidneys in 14 days following transfer of fish from freshwater to 10‰ seawater. The size of kidney glomeruli in individuals at 10‰, 20‰, and 30‰ saline showed smaller than that at 0% saline. These cytometrical changes may be related to the different osmoregulatory functions of euryhaline teleosts. Our findings demonstrated that tilapia tolerated moderately saline environment and the increased body weight with increasing salinity, regardless of histopathological changes.

돼지의 주요 경제형질에 미치는 환경요인의 효과

김계웅(G . W . Kim),조영춘(Y . C . Cho),박홍양(H . Y . Park) 한국축산학회 1999 한국축산학회지 Vol.41 No.1

The effects of breed, sex, parity, farrowing year, and farrowing month on the major economic traits were investigated on 6,948 pigs of three breeds, Duroc, Landrace and Large White. Overall average daily gain at the age up to reaching 90㎏ of body weight was 829±1.30g. And overall mean age, backfat thickness, body length and height at 90㎏ of body weight were 154±0.14 days, 1.31±0.38㎝, 110±0.08㎝ and 62± 0.04 ㎝, respectively. The effects of breeds on major economical traits were significant statistically(P$lt; 0.05). Duroc showed the highest values of average daily gain and body height, and the shortest age at the 90㎏ of body weight. Meanwhile Landrace had the thinest backfat thickness and the longest body length. Sex, parity, furrowing year and month also significantly(P$lt; 0.05) influenced on the economical traits examined.