말레이시아어와 인도네시아어 모음 공간의 지형도

박한상,박정숙,전태현,Park Han-Sang,Park Jeong-Sook,Chun Tai-Hyun 대한음성학회 2006 말소리 Vol.58 No.-

The present study investigates the vowels of Bahasa Malaysia and Bahasa Indonesia in terms of the first two formant frequencies and provides a three-dimensional formant chart of vowels by plotting F1, F2, and the frequency of <F1,F2> datapoints on 4 different scales: Hz, mel, bark, and the number of ERB. For this study, we recruited 30 male native speakers of Bahasa Malaysia and Bahasa Indonesia (15 each) which include 6 vowels (i, e, a, o, u, e) in various contexts. The three-dimensional formant chart showed geophysics of vowel space, such that mountain peaks stand in particular locations with a higher frequency of occurrence of datapoints. The geophysics of vowel space may shed lights on the perceptual structure of vowel space. The results also showed that vowels in utterance-final positions have a significantly higher F1 and a significantly lower F2 than those in utterance-medial or utterance-initial positions, which means that vowels in utterance-final positions are more back and lower in vowel space than those in utterance-medial or utterance-initial positions.

한국어 장애음의 강도 특성

박한상,Park Hansang 대한음성학회 2003 말소리 Vol.47 No.-

This study investigates differences in intensity across the three different Korean obstruent types in terms of the RMS amplitude of both the entire section and the first 512 samples of the immediately following vowel in two positions. The results showed that for the utterance initial position the RMS amplitude of both the entire section and the first 512 samples of the vowel was greatest for fortis obstruents, intermediate for aspirated ones, and weakest for lenis ones, with a significant difference between each pair of them. For the intervocalic position, in contrast, the intensity of the entire vowel was greatest for fortis obstruents, intermediate for lenis ones, and weakest for aspirated ones, with no significant difference between the last two groups, whereas the intensity of the first 512 samples of the vowel was greatest for fortis obstruents, intermediate for lenis ones, and weakest for aspirated ones, with a significant difference between each pair of the three groups. This means that the intensity of the earlier part of the vowel functions as a discriminator of Korean obstruents. The positional difference is due to the different behavior of the lenis obstruents in the intervocalic position, such that the intensity build-up is already on its way with voice lead.

동기관음의 스펙트럼 차이를 이용한 비강 특성 산출: 예비 연구

박한상,Park, Han-Sang 대한음성학회 2005 말소리 Vol.53 No.-

A New Method of Extracting the Filter Characteristics of the Nasal Cavity Using Homorganic Nasal-Stop Sequences: A Preliminary R eportHansang ParkThis study provides a new method of extracting the filter characteristics of the nasal cavity. Korean lenis stops are realized as voiced in the homorganic nasal-lenis stop sequences between vowels. Since the only difference between the two members of the homorganic nasal- lenis stop sequences, such as [mb], [nd], and [ g], is whether the passage to the nasal cavity is open or not, the subtraction of the LPC spectrum of the voiced stop from that of the preceding nasal leads to the filter characteristics of the nasal cavity of an individual speaker regardless of place of articulation. The results suggest that various attempts should be made to extract a robust filter characteristics of the nasal cavity by giving variation to LPC coefficients and by paying particular attention to speech samples. This study is significant in that it provides a preliminary report about a new method of extracting the filter characteristics of the nasal cavity.

한국어 자음군의 후행모음에 나타난 발성유형의 음향음성학적 연구

박한상,Park, Han-Sang 대한음성학회 2007 말소리 Vol.64 No.-

This study investigates phonation types of Korean obstruents associated with the vowels immediately following singletons or geminates in intervocalic positions. F0, H1-H2, and spectral tilt were measured from the 20 ms segment at the onset of the vowels for the tokens of /paCa/ and /paCCa/, where Cs are of the same manner and place of articulation. The results showed a remarkable change in the values of F0, H1-H2, and spectral tilt as the preceding obstruents shifts from the lenis singletons to the lenis geminates, which suggests that the spectral characteristics of the vowels following the lenis geminates are not different from those of the vowels following fortis singletons or geminates. Significantly enough, this study adds data about the spectral characteristics of Korean phonation types.

한국어 발성 유형의 음향음성학적 연구

박한상,Park, Han-Sang 한국음향학회 2005 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.24 No.6

발성유형지수 k (PTI k)는 F0와 모음 음가의 영향을 배제한, 단순하고 단일화된 스펙트럼 기울기의 척도다. 본 논문은 한국인 20대 남성화자 10명으로부터 얻은 모음 /이, 에, 아, 오, 우/에 나타난 PTI k를 연구한다. 환경, 발성유형, 모음, 그리고 화자를 요인으로 하여 각 집단간에 PTI k의 값에 유의미한 차이가 있는지 알아본다. 연구 결과 환경, 발성유형, 모음, 그리고 화자 각각에 집단간에 유의미한 차이가 있었다. Phonation type index k (PTI In) presents a single and simplified measure of the spectral tilt. which is free from the effects of fundamental frequency and vowel qualify This study investigates PTI k with vowels /i . e. a. o, u/ obtained from 10 Korean male subjects. Specifically. this study tests the significance of differences in PTI k across Positions, Phonation types. vowels, and speakers, respectively The results showed that there was a significant difference in PTI k across positions, Phonation types, vowels. and speakers.

말레이시아어와 인도네시아어 모음의 길이

박한상(Hansang Park) 사단법인 한국언어학회 2008 언어학 Vol.0 No.52

아이마라어 화자들의 한국어 발성유형 인지 연구

박한상(Park, Hansang) 한국음성학회 2016 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.8 No.4

The present study investigates the perception of Korean phonation types by native speakers of Aymara. Perception tests were conducted on two sets of Korean speech materials to determine correspondence between Korean and Aymara 3-way contrasts and to find out which of the consonantal and vocalic part of the syllable is more influential in the perception of Korean phonation types. A set of manipulated stimuli, as well as a set of 12 spontaneous words, were prepared for the tests. The first syllable of the 12 Korean bisyllabic words of 3 series of phonation types(Lenis, Aspirated, and Fortis) in 4 places of articulation were split into consonantal and vocalic parts. And then the two parts were combined to form 9 tokens of CV sequences respectively for each place of articulation. Native speakers of Aymara were forced to match Korean stimuli with one of the 15 Aymara words which represent 3 series of consonant types(plain, aspirated, and ejective) in 5 places of articulation(bilabial, alveolar, palatal, velar, and uvular). Results showed that the consonantal part is more influential than the vocalic part to the Aymara subjects’ perception of Korean phonation types when the consonantal part is Aspirated in its phonation type, but the vocalic part is more influential than the consonantal part when the consonantal part is Lenis or Fortis in its phonation type. Response analysis showed that Aymara subjects tend to match Korean stops to Aymara ones in such a way that Lenis corresponds to aspirated, Aspirated to aspirated, and Fortis to plain.

운율 및 분절음의 독립적 발음 평가 연구

박한상(Park, Hansang) 한국음성학회 2012 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.4 No.4

This study investigates an independent evaluation of prosody and segmentals with reference to the difference in the foreign accent of Korean, Chinese, and Japanese learners of English. For this study, a set of stimuli were made of English sentences read by male and female Korean, Chinese, and Japanese learners of English by prosody swapping technique. Two groups of American and Korean subjects evaluated the difference in the prosody and segmentals of the stimuli by pairwise difference rating. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the evaluation scores of prosody and segmentals across accents for either subject group. The results also showed that both subject groups indicated a greater score with segmentals than with prosody. The results of the present study are significant in that they are opposite to the claim of some previous studies that prosodic factors could have a greater influence on the foreign accent and intelligibility than segmentals.

TiO₂를 이용한 목질보드용 요소수지의 포름알데히드방출 저감을 위한 새로운 제조방법

박한상(Han-Sang Park),이화형(Hwa-Hyoung Lee) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2009 농업과학연구 Vol.36 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine a proper amount of addition and a proper point for addition of titanium dioxide for the manufacture of E0 type of urea-formaldehyde resin (UF). The reduction of free formaldehyde from UF resin treated particle board was also investigated. TiO₂ content was 0.5%, 1% and 3% on the dry basis of UF resin. UV light was used to initiate reaction. The results of this study are as follows: 1. During UF resin manufacturing process, the second adding step of urea was proper point for TiO₂ addition. 2. 1 % addition of TiO₂ gave good values for the Eo type urea-formaldehyde resin. 3. There was no significant difference between physical properties of particle board, but the higher the adding content of titanium dioxide resulted in the lower the mechanical properties.

청탁의 음성학적 의미

박한상(Park, Hansang) 한국음성학회 2017 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.9 No.4

This study investigates the phonetic meaning of clarity and turbidity(淸濁) that has been used in psychoacoustics, musicology, and linguistics in both the East and the West. With a view to clarifying the phonetic meaning of clarity and turbidity, this study conducts three perception tests. First, 34 subjects were asked to take one of Clear and Turbid by forced choice for 5 pure and complex tones, respectively, ranging from A2 to A6 differing by octave. Second, they were asked to select between the two choices for 25 pure and complex tones, respectively, ranging from A2 to A4 differing by semitone. Third, they were asked to opt for one of the two choices for 8 different vowels of different formant and fundamental frequencies. Results showed that there is a certain range of tone which is perceived as clear, that clarity level increases as fundamental frequency increases, and that pure tones have a higher level of clarity than complex ones, fundamental frequency being equal. Results also showed that vocal tract resonance enhances clarity level on the whole, and that lower vowels have a higher level of clarity than higher ones. This study is significant in that it demonstrates that clarity level is proportional to fundamental frequency and the first formant frequency, all else being equal.