가령에 따른 정신기능의 변화에 관한 연구

박태환 한국보건통계학회 1982 한국보건정보통계학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The author attempted to study the changes of mental functionings with ageing in the subjects over 50 years of age. The test scales of the same standard were used in rating the subjects of five different groups as follows: Group Ⅰ: 52 public personnel (male: 36, female: 16) Group Ⅱ: 78 subjects who hold the job while staying at home ( male: 65, female: 13) Group Ⅲ: 182 subjects who stay at home and do not have the job. (male: 100, female: 82) Group Ⅳ: 63 subjects who say at old people's homes: (male: 30, female: 33) Group Ⅴ: 46 mental disorders (male: 28, female 18) The whole subjects of 421 persons (male: 259, female: 162) were studied into the sex, the groups, the age in 5-year intervals and the score by each test scales. The following results were obtained after statistical analysis. Ⅰ. There is the increase of cases who are screening with advancing age in the screening tests using both Mental Status Questionaire and Visual Reproduction Test. The major part of excluded subjects ny the screening test are females in the old people's homes in which 39 cases (69.6%) out of 56 are excluded. Ⅱ. The more female subjects than the male one are excluded by the screening test, 3.3 times more in female cases (male: 24, female: 79). Ⅲ. The average scores obtained by Hasegawa's scale reveal that the score decreases as the ages go up and it is more prominent in the female subjects. Ⅳ. The aged male subjects gain more scores in the verbal scales as compared with the female subjects. Ⅴ. Both male and female subjects show the decrease in gaining scores as they get older in the visual reproduction test and it is more prevalent in female subjects of all age groups. Ⅵ. It is revealed that the performance scores obviousely decrease than the verbal in Group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ except Group Ⅰ, and the performance scores rapidly decrease as advancing age. Ⅶ. In the average scoring of the same age group, the male subjects were scored greater than the female and also the subjects who hold the job scored higher than the subjects who do not hold the job. Ⅷ. The average scores of the subjects are as follows: MALE, Verbal: 29.09 (M.R.: 78.62), Performance: 8.55 (M.R.: 61.07), total: 37,64 (M.R.: 73.8), V.P. ratio: 0.77, FEMALE, Verbal: 23.6 (M.R.: 63.78), Performance: 7.2 (M.R.: 51.42), total: 30.8(M.R.L 60.39) V.P. ratio: 0.8 Ⅸ. The systolic blood pressure shows slight increase in both sexes as the age goes up and the ndividual difference are revealed to be great. Ⅹ. The height shows that it reduces more in the aged females than the male one with increasing age. A. The loss of the weight is more prominent in the female subjects than the male one as advancing age. In this study on mental changes of the normal aged subjects as aging after screening of moderate to severe dementias in each group, simple correlation coefficient between the total score and Hasegawa's score is 0.917 (male), 0.942 (female). Accordingly, the author believe that this study could be a useful guide to detect of the dementing process among the normal aging group and to measure of mental changes with aging.

울산의 피나 바우쉬를 기다린다

박태환 예술경영지원센터 2013 예술경영 Vol.- No.6

산차와 포유기가 모돈과 자돈의 행동에 미치는 영향

박태환,하덕민,김두환 강원대학교 동물자원공동연구소 2019 동물자원연구 Vol.30 No.4

This study was designed to investigate the effect of parity and lactation stage of sows on the behavior of nursing sows and their suckling piglets. In total 18 Yorkshire × Landrace F1 sows (range of parity: 1 to 6) and their litters (range of litter size: 10 to 14 piglets) were assigned according to the sow's parity (1-2, 3-4 and 5-6) and lactation stage (early, middle, and late). The sows were housed in farrowing crates (0.8 × 2.1 m) located in pens (2.1 × 1.75 m) with totally perforated flooring. The behaviors of the sows and their piglets were recorded over a 72-h period for each parity and lactation stage. The sows and piglets were conventionally managed. All nursing sows in both group showed lying behavior for more than 80% of the experimental period, regardless of parity and lactation stage. The behavioral frequency of sows was, in descending order, as follows: lateral lying, ventral lying, eating, standing, and sitting. The parity of sows did not affect their behavior, but the lactation stage did. Ventral lying showed decreased frequency in late stage compare to that in the early or middle stage. The lying, standing, sitting, and eating behavior of sows were not affected by their parity. Sow parity did not affect the behavior of suckling piglets, but the lactation stage did. The behavioral frequency of piglets for the whole lactation period was, in descending order, as follows: lying, suckling, and walking. The lying frequency of piglets was higher in the sow's middle lactation stage than in the early or late lactation stage. It is concluded that the sow parity did not affect the behavior of nursing sows and suckling piglets, but the lactation stage did. 모돈의 산차와 포유기가 모돈과 자돈의 행동에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 모돈의 산차를 1~2산차, 3~4산차 및 5~6산차로 구분하고 모돈의 분만 후 포유기를 전기(1~9일), 중기(11~18일) 및 후기(19~27일)로 나누어 각각의 산차와 포유기에 해당하는 모돈이 나타내는 세부 행동형의 발현빈도를 분석하였다. 모돈의 분만 후 포유기간 동안 나타내는 행동 발현빈도의 80% 이상이 누워 있는 행동이었으며, 산차와 포유기에 관계없이 옆으로 눕기가 가장 많았으며 엎드려 눕기, 섭취, 서기 및 앉기의 순으로 나타났다. 모돈의 행동 발현빈도에 대한 산차의 영향은 인정되지 않았으나 포유기의 영향은 인정되어 포유 후기에 전기나 중기에 비하여 옆으로 누운 행동 발현빈도가 낮게 나타났다. 포유 중 자돈의 행동 발현빈도는 산차에 따른 차이는 인정되지 않았으나 포유기에 의한 차이는 인정되었다. 자돈의 행동 발현빈도는 모든 산차와 포유기에 누워 있는 비율이 가장 높았으며, 포유, 걷기의 순으로 나타났다. 모돈의 산차는 자돈의 행동 발현빈도에 영향을 미치지 않았으나 포유기에 따라서는 차이가 인정되어 포유 중기에 전기나 후기에 비하여 누워 있는 자돈들이 더 많았다. 결론적으로 모돈의 산차는 분만 후 모돈과 자돈의 행동에 영향을 미치지 않았으나 포유기는 모돈과 자돈의 행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

화이트헤드의 철학에 나타난 느낌의 과정과 그것의 인성교육적 함의

박태환,이병승 한국인격교육학회 2017 인격교육 Vol.11 No.2

The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics of the process of feeling A. N. Whitehead's theory of feelings, and to explore implications on character education. Feeling has been pushed to the sidelines with regard to its importance, generally being lumped together with emotion. According to recent studies, feeling is thought of as being integral to the cognitive side of emotion, and is seen to be an emotional response. The consequent brain map of this is then considered to be a kind of perception. Furthermore, Whitehead doesn't confine feeling to emotion but broadens the category to go beyond humans, animals, and plants. For Whitehead, feeling is a technical term that signifies the functioning through which an organism appropriates various data so as to constitute its own experience. The primary implications of A. N. Whitehead's process of feeling on character education are as follows: First, educators should focus on helping students feel the importance of underlying conceptions and aesthetics through various subjects. Second, the school curriculum should offer experiences through which students feel both diversity and unity. Third, students should be able to experience intellectually-tinged feelings of complexity and synthesis and develop an eye for probabilities of “what could be” through comparative feeling of contrast and diversion. Study on feeling has only recently been conducted in fields like neurology and cognition research, and it is argued here that integrated study on feeling in various fields such as philosophy, education, psychology, sociology, and neuroscience should be conducted. 이 연구는 화이트헤드(A. N. Whitehead)의 느낌이론에서 느낌의 과정에 관한 특징을 이해하고, 그것의 인성교육적 함의를 탐구하는 데 목적이 있다. 화이트헤드는 느낌이론을 통해 심신이원론적 철학 체계를 극복하고자 한다. 일반적으로 느낌은 정서의 한 영역으로 간주하는 경향이 있어서 그 중요성이 크게 부각되지 않았다. 그러나 최근의 연구 동향은 느낌을 지각의 일종으로서 정서적 반응과 그 결과에 대한 뇌의 지도와 심상으로 보고 정서의 인지적 측면을 강조한다. 화이트헤드는 느낌을 정서에 국한시키지 않고, 느낌의 대상을 인간과 동·식물을 포함한 모든 사물들에까지 확대하고 있다. 화이트헤드에게 있어 느낌이란 유기체가 다양한 여건들을 사유화(私有化)하여 자신의 경험을 구성해가는 작용을 의미하는 전문 용어이다. 화이트헤드에 의하면 느낌의 과정은 최초의 위상인 (i) 단순한 물리적 느낌에서부터 보완적 위상인 (ii) 개념적 느낌, (iii) 변환된 느낌, (iv) 명제적 느낌, (v) 지성적 느낌의 보다 깊이와 강도가 있는 느낌으로 심화되어 간다. 느낌의 과정은 주체가 최종 목표인 만족을 달성하기 위해 다양한 여건들을 느끼고, 하나로 통합해가는 합생의 창조적 활동이다. 연구자는 이와 같은 느낌의 창조적 원리로서 (i) 주체적 지향의 원리, (ii) 조화와 균형의 원리, (iii) 대비와 역전의 원리, (iv) 중요성의 원리를 제시한다. 화이트헤드의 느낌의 과정이 인성교육에 주는 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학교에서의 교과교육은 그 속에 내재된 관념의 중요성과 심미성을 느낄 수 있도록 지도해야 한다. 둘째, 학생들이 서로 공감하고, 다양성과 동일성을 느낄 수 있도록 이루어져야 한다. 셋째, 사물의 개연성(蓋然性)을 살필 수 있는 안목을 기르고, 복합적이고 통합적인 지성적 느낌을 경험할 수 있도록 여건으로 제공해야 한다. 느낌에 관한 연구는 최근에 이르러서야 신경학 및 인지연구 등에서 이루어지고 있다. 앞으로 철학, 교육학, 심리학, 사회학, 신경과학 등의 다양한 분야에서 느낌에 관한 통합적인 연구가 이루어지길 기대한다.

타깃 랜섬웨어 그룹 동향

박태환 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 2022 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.05

이신득의교리와 이행득의교리조화

박태환 신학지남사 1928 신학지남 Vol.10 No.4

뇌졸중 이차예방을 위한 항혈소판제의 사용: 2012년 한국 뇌졸중 이차예방 진료지침 부분 개정

박태환,김민기,오형근,오미선,유경호,홍근식,배희준,권순억,나정호,허지회,오창완,이병철,윤병우 대한뇌졸중학회 2012 Journal of stroke Vol.14 No.1

Writing Committee of Korean clinical practice guidelines for secondary prevention of stroke has reviewed recent randomized controlled trials of cilostazol published after the fi rst edition of Korean clinical practice guidelines that considered evidences published before June 2007. Two clinical trials and 1 meta-analysis which compared cilostazol directly with aspirin in the prevention of stroke in patients with cerebral infarction or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were identifi ed and included for the current guideline update. Review of fi ndings indicates that cilostazol as compared to aspirin achieved a greater reduction of stroke as well as composite vascular events of stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death. For safety, cilostazol was associated with fewer major bleeding events than aspirin. Accordingly, new recommendations for cilostazol are made for prevention of stroke in the setting of noncardioembolic stroke or TIA. Changes in the guidelines necessitated by new evidences will be continuously refl ected in future guidelines.

수지에 발생한 세포성 청색 모반 - 증례 보고 -

박태환,장충현,여관구 대한수부외과학회 2011 대한수부외과학회지 Vol.16 No.3

We experienced an unusual case of the cellular nevus on the dorsal surface of the second metacarpophalangeal joint. We performed a local excision followed by immunohistochemical analysis. Cellular blue nevus should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a characteristic blue-black mass is found in the finger. Accurate diagnosis based on immunohistochemical analysis, appropriate surgical treatment and vigilant follow-up are mandatory to prevent any malignant transformation. 세포성 청색 모반은 수부에 드물게 발생하는 양성종양으로 저자들은 좌측 2번째 중수수지 관절 부위에 발생한 세포성 청색 모반을 수술적 절제 및 면역조직화학 검사를통하여 진단하였다. 수부에 흑청색의 양상을 지닌 종물이 있을 때 세포성 청색 모반이 감별 진단으로서 고려되어야 할 것이며 악성화가 될 수 있기 때문에 적절한 수술적 치료 및 주의 깊은 경과 관찰이 필요할 것이다.

안면부 이물 육아종 120례의 치험례

박태환,서상원,김준규,장충현,Park, Tae-Hwan,Seo, Sang-Won,Kim, June-Kyu,Chang, Choong-Hyun 대한성형외과학회 2010 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.37 No.3

Purpose: As the use of soft tissue fillers becomes more popular, complications such as foreign body granuloma (FBG) are increasing. We report 120 cases of facial FBG and review the available literatures. Methods: 120 patients of facial FBG in our clinic from Mar. 2003 to Feb. 2008 were complied and analyzed. A retrospective chart review was done and patient satisfaction was evaluated with a questionnaire using 5 score scale. Patients with severe inflammation sign or bizarre deformity underwent surgical excision and those with minimal symptoms or a history of hyaluronic acid injection received injection therapy using hyaluronidase. Results: 100 females and 20 males were observed. The average age was 43.7 years (from 16 to 74). 84 patients received surgical therapy and 36, injection therapy. Deformity of facial contour, foreign body sensation and inflammation sign were the three main chief complaints. 84 patients did not know what the injection materials were. The known materials are as follows: collagen, hyaluronic acid, silicone oil, paraffin. 92 cases were performed by unlicensed practitioners, 29 by physicians. Anatomical site most frequently affected by the foreign body granuloma was the cheek (25.8%), followed by forehead (19.2%), lips (15.8%), nose (9.2%), mentum (8.3%), eyelid and eyebrow (4.3%) and temple (0.8%). In 21 patients (17.5%), FBGs were found on multiple sites. Patients with inflammation sign got the highest satisfaction ($3.19{\pm}0.73$) (p=0.001) among 3 chief complaints. And patient satisfaction was statistically higher in surgical therapy group ($3.43{\pm}0.72$) than in injection therapy group ($2.97{\pm}0.88$) (p=0.003). Conclusion: We suggest that it may be beneficial to tailor the type of treatment for FBG relying on wound state and patient's chief complaints. In surgical therapy, resolute approach is necessary to correct facial deformity definitely and to minimize inflammation. Injection therapy could be another option for those with minimal symptoms or a history of hyaluronic acid injection. To prevent foreign body granuloma, not only plastic surgeons but also other physicians should inject soft tissue fillers with great caution and we should warn the public of disastrous consequences associated with illegal medical practice.

비부 이물 육아종의 임상적 경험

박태환,서상원,김준규,장충현 대한성형외과학회 2011 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.38 No.4

Purpose: The injection of various materials, including medical fillers and unregulated products, is widespread, potentially causing the development of foreign body granulomas. Should this occur on the nose, the contour deformity and inflammatory signs that result from these granulomas are aesthetically undesirable to patients. The purpose of our study is to share our experiences using different surgical approaches, depending on the affected portion of the nose, to optimize management of this challenging problem and to evaluate patient’s satisfaction using our in-house questionnaire along with degree of improvement by two independent plastic surgeons. Methods: We treated 18 patients who underwent surgical excision of nasal foreign body granulomas via a perilesional approach to the lesion (n=12) or by transcolumellar incision (n=6) at our hospital over a period of seven years from March 2003 to October 2010. Nonparametric statistics were used and are presented as medians (25th-75th). Patient satisfaction was evaluated on a scale of 1 to 5 using an in-house questionnaire. All pre-and post-operative photographs were analyzed by two independent plastic surgeons. Post-operative outcomes were evaluated based on the surgeons’ consensus ratings. Results: All patients receiving the transcolumellar approach reported a high level of satisfaction with the results. All but two patients who received the perilesional approach were satisfied with the outcome. No outcomes were rated as no change or worse by the consensus ratings. Conclusion: For the upper two-thirds of the nose, perilesional surgical excision can lead to substantial patient satisfaction with modified contour deformity and infection control. The transcolumellar approach resulted in better outcomes and patient satisfaction for the lower one-third of the nose.