가토(家兎)의 임신(姙娠)에 따른 생식기관(生殖器官), 혈중(血中) 성(性)Hormone 및 대사물질(代謝物質)의 변화(變化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

이규승,한성욱,박창식,Lee, Kyu Seung,Han, Sung Wook,Park, Chang Sik 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1982 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.9 No.1

가토(家兎)의 임신기간(姙娠期間)에 따른 난소(卵巢), 갑상선(甲狀腺) 및 부신(副腎)의 중량변화(重量變化)와 조직학적(組織學的) 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)하고 아울러 혈청중(血淸中)의 성(性) hormone농도(濃度)와 대사물질(代謝物質)의 함량(含量)을 분석(分析)하여 정상가토(正常家兎)와 비교검토(比較檢討)한 바 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 난소(卵巢)의 중량(重量)은 임신기간(姙娠期間)이 경과(經過)함에 따라 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 증가(增加)를 하였으며, 분만후(分娩後)에는 정상(正常)으로 회복(回復)되는 경향(傾向)이었다. 조직(組織)의 변화(變化)는 임신(姙娠) 3주후(週後)까지는 황체세포(黃體細胞)가 비대(肥大)되고 분비과립(分泌顆粒)의 형성(形成)이 매우 활발(活發)하였으나 그후(後)로는 퇴행성변화(退行性變化)를 보였다. 2. 갑상선(甲狀腺)의 중량(重量)은 모든 관찰시간(觀察時間)에서 대조군(對照群)에 비(比)하여 높은 값을 나타내었는데, 임신(姙娠) 1, 3 및 4주후(週後)에서 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 조직(組織)의 변화(變化)는 임신(姙娠) 1주후(週後)부터 상피세포(上皮細胞)의 비대(肥大) 및 엔주화(円柱化)를 나타내어 기능항진상(機能抗進像)을 보였다. 3. 부신(副腎)의 중량(重量)은 임신(姙娠) 4주후(週後)에서만 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었지만 모든 관찰시간(觀察時間)에서 대조군(對照群)에 비(比)하여 높은 값을 나타내었다. 부신(副腎)의 조직(組織)에 있어서 색상대(索狀帶)와 강상대(綱狀帶)는 근소(僅少)한 기능항진상(機能抗進像)을 보였고, 구상대(球狀帶)와 수질(髓質)은 특별(特別)한 변화(變化)를 인정(認定)할 수 없었다. 4. 혈청중(血淸中) progesterone의 농도(濃度)는 임신(姙娠) 2주후(週後)에, LH의 농도(濃度)는 임신(姙娠) 1주후(週後)에 각각(各各) 최고치(最高値)를 보였고, 그후(後)로는 급속(急速)히 감소(減少)되는 경향(傾向)이었다. 5. 혈청중(血淸中) estradiol-$17{\beta}$와 FSH의 농도(濃度)는 각각(各各) 20.0pg/ml와 1.30mIU/ml이하(以下)의 수준(水準)이었다. 6. 혈청중(血淸中)의 총단백질(總蛋白質)과 비단백태질소(非蛋白態窒素) 화합물(化合物)의 양(量)은 임신기간(姙娠期間)이 경과(經過)될수록 계속(繼續) 감소(減少)하였는데, 임신(姙娠) 3주후(週後)부터 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 7. 혈청총지방량(血淸總脂肪量)은 임신(姙娠) 3주후(週後)까지는 큰 변화(變化)가 없었으나, 임신(姙娠) 4주후(週後)와 분만(分娩) 5일후(日後)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 증가(增加)를 보였다. 8. 혈청(血淸) cholesterol량(量)은 임신(姙娠) 3주후(週後)까지는 감소(減少)되는 경향(傾向)으로써 임신(姙娠) 3주후(週後)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 감소(減少)를 하였고, 임신(姙娠) 4주후(週後)와 분만(分娩) 5일후(日後)에는 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 증가(增加)를 나타내었다. 9. 혈청(血淸) calcium량(量)은 임신기간(姙娠期間)이 경과(經過)됨에 따라 계속(繼續) 감소(減少)되는 경향(傾向)을 보였는바, 임신(姙娠) 3주(週)와 4주후(週後)에는 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 혈청인(血淸燐)의 함량(含量)은 임신(姙娠) 4주후(週後)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 감소(減少)를 하였다. The study was conducted to find out the concentrations of sex hormones and the contents of metabolites in serum, and the changes of weights and tissues on ovary, thyroid gland and adrenal gland according to gestation period in rabbit. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The ovary weights were increased significantly with the time e lapse after gestation and recovered normally at 5 days after parturition. In the histological changes of ovary, the lutein cells were hypertrophied and the secretory granules were increased actively until 3 weeks after gestation, and then a trophied thereafter. 2. The thyroid gland weights at all observation times were higher than those in control group, and the significance was recognized at 1, 3 and 4 weeks after gestation. The histological features of the secretory epithelium were the hyper trophic and columnar condition stimulating the functional state from 1 week after gestation. 3. The adrenal gland weights in experimental group were recognized significantly at 4 weeks after gestation, but showed higher than those in control group at all observation times. The zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the gland showed the slight hypertrophic condition, but the zona glomeerulosa and adrenal medulla did not find out any particular changes. 4. The serum concentrations of progesterone and LH reached a peak level at 2 weeks and 1 week after geestation respectively, and rapidly began to decline thereafter. 5. The serum concentrations of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ and FSH were not detected below 20.0 pg/ml and 1.3 mIU/ml respectively. 6. The contents of total protein and non-protein nitrogen nitrogen were decreased gradually with the time elapse after gestation, but the significant differences were recognized from 3 weeks. 7. The total lipids were not changed markedly until 3 weeks, but increased significantly at 4 weeks after gestation and at 5 days after parturition. 8. The serum cholesterol tended to be decreased until 3 weeks, but increased at 4 weeks after gestation and at 5 days after parturition. 9. The serum calcium showed a continuous decrease during the gestation period, but the significant differences were recognized at 3 and 4 weeks. The serum phosphorus also had a significant decrease at 4 weeks after gestation.

이원교잡종(二元交雜種) 및 삼원교잡종(三元交雜種) 돼지의 산자(産仔) 및 산육능력(産肉能力)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

박창식,이규승,Park, Chang Sik,Lee, Kyu Seung 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1981 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.8 No.1

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 1975년(年)부터 1979년(年)까지 축산시험장(畜産試驗場)에서 생산(生産)된 돼지중 산자능력(産仔能力) 시험(試驗)에 315복(腹), 산육능력시험(産肉能力試驗)에 325두(頭)를 가지고, 25개교배조합중(個交配組合中)에서 우수(優秀)한 산자(産仔) 및 산육능력(産能肉力)을 갖는 교배조합(交配組合)을 선발(選拔)하고자 실시(實施)한 바 그 결과(結果)는 마음과 같다. 1. 복당생존자돈수는 $D{\times}LwL$조합(組合)이 가장 우수(優秀)했고, 다음은 $D{\times}HL$조합(組合)이었으며 햄프샤순종(純種)의 조합(組合)이 가장 불량(不良)하였다. 복당생존자돈수는 3~6산차(産次)에서 다른 산차(産次)의 경우에 비(比)하여 현저히 높았다. 2. 두당생시체중은 $D{\times}Lw$조합(組合)이 가장 무거웠고 라지화이트순종(純種)이 가장 가벼웠으며, 복당생시체중은 $D{\times}LwL$조합(組合)이 가장 무거웠고, 그 다음은 $D{\times}HL$, $Lw{\times}L$조합(組合)의 순(順)이었으며, 햄프샤 및 버크샤순종(純種)의 조합(組合)이 다른 교배조합(交配組合)에 비(比)하여 불량(不良)하였다. 3. 복당이유자돈수는 $D{\times}LwL$조합(組合)이 가장 우수(優秀)했고, 다음은 $D{\times}HL$, $Lw{\times}L$조합(組合)의 순(順)이었으며, 듀록과 햄프샤순종(純種)의 조합(組合)이 불량(不良)하였다. 3~6산차(産次)의 자돈(仔豚)에서는 다른 산차(産次)의 경우에 비(比)하여 복당이유자돈수가 많았다. 4. 복당이유시체중은 $D{\times}LwL$조합(組合)이 가장 무거웠고 다음은 $H{\times}LwL$, $Lw{\times}L$조합(組合)의 순서(順序)였으며, 듀록과 햄프샤 순종(純種)의 조합(組合)이 다른 교배조합(交配組合)에 비(比)하여 불량(不良)하였다. 두당이유시체중은 $D{\times}LwL$조합(組合)이 가장 무거웠고, $L{\times}H$조합(組合)이 가장 가벼웠다. 5. 이유시(離乳時) 생존율(生存率)은 $L{\times}Lw$조합(組合)이 제일 우수(優秀)했으며, 그 다음은 $D{\times}LH$, $D{\times}HL$조합(組合)의 순서(順序)였고, 듀록 순종(純種)의 조합(組合)이 가장 불량(不良)하였다. 6. 일당증체량과 사료요구율(飼料要求率)은 $D{\times}HL$조합(組合)이 가장 우수(優秀)했고, 다음은 $D{\times}LwL$, $H{\times}LwL$ 조합(組合)이었으며, 버크샤순종(純種)과 렌드레이스순종(純種)의 조합(組合)이 다른 교배조합(交配組合)보다 불량(不良)하였다. 수컷은 암컷에 비(比)하여 일당증체량이 0.06kg 정도 더 높았고, 사료요구율(飼料要求率)도 0.14정도 더 양호(良好)하였다. 7. 90kg도달일령(到達日令)은 $D{\times}HL$, $D{\times}LwL$ 및 $H{\times}LwL$조합(組合)이 다른 교배조합(交配組合)에 비(比)하여 우수(優秀)했으며, $D{\times}HL$조합(組合)은 렌드레이스순종조합(純種組合)보다 39일 정도 빨리 90kg에 도달(到達)했다. 8. 도체율(屠體率) 및 정육율(精肉率)은 $H{\times}LwL$, $H{\times}L$ 및 $L{\times}B$조합(組合)이 다른 교배조합(交配組合)보다 우수(優秀)했으며, 배장근단면적(背長筋斷面積)은 $Lw{\times}L$조합(組合)이 가장 컷고, $B{\times}L$ 조합(組合)이 가장 작게 나타났다. 등지방(脂肪)두께는 햄프샤순종(純種)이 가장 얇게 나타났고, $B{\times}L$조합(組合)이 가장 두껍게 나타났다. 9. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合)해 보면 이품종 The results of a crossbreeding experiment with a total of 315 litters and 325 pigs of Berkshires, Hampshires, Durocs, Landraces, Large Whites, eight different two-breed crosses and twelve different three-breed crosses, produced at Livestock Experiment Station from 1975 through 1979, are summarized as follows. 1. Number born alive per litter was largest in the D♂${\times}$(Lw♂${\times}$L♀) $F_1$ ♀ mating, followed by the D♂${\times}$(H♂${\times}$L♀) $F_1$ mating, and smallest in the Hampshires. The pigs in the 3rd-6th parities had larger litter size at birth than those in other parities. 2. Birth weight of pig was heaviest in L♂${\times}$Lw♀ mating and lightest in the Large White. The total litter weight at birth was heaviest in the D♂${\times}$(Lw♂${\times}$L♀) $F_1$ ♀ mating, followed by D♂${\times}$(H♂${\times}$L♀) $F_1$ ♀ and Lw♂${\times}$L♀ matings, and was smaller in Hampshires and Birkshires. 3. Litter size at weaning was largest in the D♂${\times}$(Lw♂${\times}$L♀) $F_1$ ♀ mating, followed by D♂${\times}$(H♂${\times}$L♀) $F_1$ ♀ and Lw♂${\times}$L♀ matings, and was smaller in Durocs and Hampshires. The pigs in the 3rd-6th parities had larger litter size at weaning than those in other parities. 4. The total litter weight at weaning was heaviest in the D♂${\times}$(Lw♂${\times}$L♀) $F_1$ ♀ mating, followed by H♂${\times}$(Lw♂${\times}$L♀) $F_1$♀ and Lw♂${\times}$L♀ matings, and was lighter in Durocs and Hampshires. The weaning weight of pig was largest in D♂${\times}$(Lw♂${\times}$L♀) $F_1$ ♀ mating and lightest in L♂${\times}$H♀ mating. 5. Survival rate at weaning was highest in L♂${\times}$Lw♀ mating, followed by D♂${\times}$(L♂${\times}$H♀) $F_1$ ♀ and D♂${\times}$(H♂${\times}$L♀) $F_1$ ♀ mating, and was lowest in Durocs. 6. The three-breed cross from D♂${\times}$(H♂${\times}$L♀) $F_1$ ♀ mating had the highest average gain and lowest feed requirement per unit gain, followed by the D♂${\times}$(Lw♂${\times}$L♀) $F_1$ ♀ and H♂${\times}$(Lw♂${\times}$L♀) $F_1$ ♀ matings. The Birkshires and Landraces ranked lowest among the 25 mating groups compared for both of the traits. Males had higher average daily gain than females by about 0.06kg and had lower feed requirement by about 0.14. 7. The three-breed crosses from D♂${\times}$(H♂${\times}$L♀) $F_1$ ♀, D♂${\times}$(Lw♂${\times}$L♀) $F_1$ ♀ and H♂${\times}$(Lw♂${\times}$L♀) $F_1$ ♀ matings reached 90kg body weight at younger age than the other groups. The D♂${\times}$(H♂${\times}$L♀) $F_1$ ♀ group reached 90kg at younger age than the Landrace by 39 days. 8. The dressing percentage and lean meat percentage tended to be higher in H♂${\times}$(Lw♂${\times}$L♀) $F_1$ ♀, H♂${\times}$L♀ and L♂${\times}$B♀ matings compared to the other mating groups. The loin-eye area was largest in the Lw♂${\times}$L♀ mating and smallest in the B♂${\times}$L♀ mating. Males had higher dressing percentage, higher lean meat percentage and lion-eye area than females. The backfat was thinnest in purebred Hampshire and was thickest in B♂${\times}$L♀ mating. 9. The results obtained

Optimization of Programmed-Wave form Pulsewidth Modulation with Instantaneous Feedback Control

박창식,Park, Chang-Sik 한국전자통신연구원 1984 전자통신 Vol.6 No.4

A new control strategy for a PWM inverter with instantaneous feedback is suggested, theoretically analyzed and verified through simulations. This control gives excellent results under various load conditions.

번식돈을 위한 잡종강세 이용방안

박창식,Park, Chang-Sik 대한양돈협회 1986 養豚 Vol.8 No.4

미경산 순종 및 이품종간 교잡종 돼지의 임신 및 분만시에 성 Hormone 수준에 관한 연구

박창식,이규승 ( Chang Sik Park,Kyu Seung Lee ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.6

The present study was carried out to compare the reproductive performance and the serum concentrations of peptide and steroid hormones between the Landrace and the two-breed cross [(Large White ♂ x Landrace ♀) F₁] in the gilt from 15 days after mating to 10 days postpartum. Five gilts of the Landrace and the two-breed cross, respectively, were used for collection of blood samples. FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol-173, progesterone and cortisol were assayed by radioimmunoassay methods. The results obtained in this study are as follows. 1. The two-breed cross gilt was 9.1 days faster in age at puberal estrus, 1.4 heads larger in number of pigs born alive per litter and number of live pigs at 21 days, 2.9 ㎏ heavier in total litter weight at birth, and 14.3 ㎏ heavier in total litter weight at 21 days than the Landrace gilt. 2. The serum FSH concentrations from 15 days after mating to 10 days postpartum ranged from 1.35 to 1.80 mIU/㎖ in the Landrace and from 1.30 to 1.80 mIU/㎖ in the two-breed cross. But the significance was not recognized between the Landrace and the two-breed cross. 3. The LH concentrations ranged from 2.2.0 to 4.35 mIU/㎖ in the Lardrace and from 2.45 to 3.75 mIU/㎖ in the two-breed cross. But we did not find any differences between the Landrace and the two-breed cross. 4. The prolactin concentrations between the Landrace and the two-breed cross did not find any differences but they showed significant fluctuation during pregnancy. 5. In the Landrace and the two-breed cross, the estradiol-1.7β concentrations increased from 27.20 pg/㎖ and 27.56 pg/㎖ at 15 days after mating to 620.15 pg/㎖ and 652.80 pg/㎖ at the time of parturition, respectively. 6. The progesterone concentrations in the Landrace were higher than those in the two-breed cross from 15 to 30 days after matings, and vice versa from 75 to 105 days after mating. The concentrations in the Landrace decreased from 38.90 ng/㎖ at 15 days after mating to 16.85 ng/㎖ at 105 days after mating and rapidly declined at the time of parturition until the levels (1.35 ng/㎖) were reached. The concentrations in the two-breed cross ranged from 24.0 ng/㎖ to 21.1 ng/㎖ and then rapidly dropped at the time of parturition. 7. The cortisol concentrations (from 34.5 to 50.0 ng/㎖) in the two-breed cross were significantly higher than those (from 13.0 to 24.5 ng/㎖) in the Landrace throughout the pregnancy.

THE ANALYSIS OF THE POSITIONAL RELATIONSHIP OF CONDYLOID PROCESS WITH MANDIBULAR FOSSA AND MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF CONDYLAR HEAD IN T.M.J. TROUBLE PATIENTS

박창식,Park Chang Sik Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 1981 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.11 No.1

악관절 기능장애 환자를 성공적으로 진단함에 있어서, 악관절 X선 사진은 그 X선 검사 개개의 이용목적에 따라 변하는 요소를 지니고 있으나 보편적이며 제한된 2종류의 악관절 촬영 술식을 이용하여. 악관절부의 하악와와 관절돌기의 위치적 상관관계 및 해부학적 관절돌기의 방사선학적 형태와 그 형태이상의 비교 검토가 행하여 질 수 있다. 즉 transcranial view에서는 악관절부의 전후 폭경과 위치적 관계 및 이상형태를, transorbital view에서는 관절돌기의 형태학적 분류 및 내외측 관계의 정성적 관찰이 가능하다. 이에 저자는 악관절 기능장애 환자의 X선 사진 중 본 논문에 합목적적으로 사용될 수 있다고 사려되는 274예를 대상으로 예비 묘사하여 개괄적인 지식을 얻은 후, 악관절 X선 사진 174매를 사용하여 관절돌기의 위치적 관계 및 형태를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 환자의 평균연령은33.2세이고, 최빈발 연령층은 20-30세 군이었으며 남녀의 비는 1:3이었다. 2. Transcranial view에서 ㄱ) 관절돌기의 위치는 후방위가 가장 많았으며, 전방위와 중심위에서는 좌우측이 상반되는 결과를 나타냈다. ㄴ) 좌우측의 위치적 관계는 비대칭이 대칭적 관계의 6.8배의 수치를 보였으며, 대칭적 관계가 13%이며, 그중 concentricity는 4%에 불과하다. ㄷI) 관절돌기의 운동상해는 과다운동성, 과소운동성, 정점 대 정점의 순이었다. ㄹ) 관절돌기의 형태는 지시지형이 전체의 75%이상이었다. 3. Transorbital view에서 ㄱ) 관절돌기의 형태는 돌출형, 각형, 원형, 편평형의 순이었으며, 이 기본형이 87.6%, 부정형이 12. 4%를 점유했다. ㄴ) 관절돌리의 최상부의 위치는 중심부에 위치한 것이 약 80%이었다. ㄷ) 관절돌기의 내측단은 4기본형에 속했으며. 외측단은 4기본형 외에 1.4%의 부정형을 나타냈다. A morphological and positional classification was undertaken in the transcranial and transorbital views of 174 traceable films which had been selected from those of 274 patients and previous tracing was performed. For the positional analysis, the author adopted the method which is not influenced by TMJ remodelling, and for the morphological classification, made progress the general method by adding indefinite type to four basic types. The aims of this sutudy consists in performing positional and morphological analysis of condylar head and in its morphological and positional variation in symptomatic patients. I want to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Park, Tae Won in Seoul National University, interesting me in this field researches and for his never failing interests. I would lide to thank Prof. Ahn, Hyung Kyu and Prof. You, Dong Soo for helpful discussion and critical readings. The author is also indebted to Prof. Fuchihate Hajime in Osaka University, Prof. Uemura, Shusaburo and the late Dr. Nishihara, Heihachi for fruitful discussion and encourgements.

봄철 건강관리 알레르기성 비염

박창식,Park, Chang-Sik 대한결핵협회 2007 보건세계 Vol.54 No.3

보건계열과 비보건계열 대학생의 자기효능감이 스트레스 대처 방식에 미치는 효과

박창식,이형수,Park, Chang-Sik,Lee, Hyoung-Soo 대한물리치료과학회 2011 대한물리치료과학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Purpose: This study is designed to examine the effect of self-efficacy on stress-coping methods of health related and non-health related department college students. Method: A questionnaire survey was conducted on 533 students (268 health department and 265 non-health department) of health department and non-health department students at 1 university and 2 university in Gyeonggi-do, jeollabuk-do and jeollanam-do. Results: The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS 12.0, which made no statistically-significant difference among health and non-health students. The study on the effect of self-efficacy on stress-coping methods has revealed that both health and non-health department students showed statistically-significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and emotion-centered coping methods. Also, Social efficacy had negative correlation with social-supported coping methods. While non-health department students had statistically-significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and wishful coping. Conclusion: Accordingly, it has been revealed that self-efficacy is effective in stress-coping methods.

생체(生體) 및 실험실(實驗室)에서 성숙(成熟)된 돼지 난모세포(卵母細胞)의 체외수정(體外受精)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

박창식,이규승,서길웅,Park, Chang Sik,Lee, Kyu Seung,Seo, Kil Woong 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1991 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.18 No.2

This study was conducted to find out the suitable in vitro media for fertilization and culture on the pig oocytes matured in vivo and in vitro. The results obtained were as follows; A comparison of fertilization media on the oocytes matured in vivo was made between M199 with 10% FCS versus TL Hepes with 1% BSA Fertilization rate was significantly higher in the TL Hepes medium. But polyspermic incidence did not favor in the TL Hepes medium. Embryos were cultured in TL Hepes wash and culture medium for 48h after insemination. A total of 53 embryos were cultured and 39(73.6%) cleaved. Of these 39 embryos, 31(79.5%) cleaved equally to the 2-8 cell stage. Immature oocytes cultured in Waymouth's maturation medium were much more able to induce sperm swelling than immature oocytes cultured in TL Hepes maturation medium, however, most ova were polyspermic and did not develope to the 4 cell stage during 48h culture in TL Hepes wash and culture medium.

냉동정액의 이용현황과 돼지혈통 갱신

박창식,Park, Chang-Sik 대한양돈협회 1986 養豚 Vol.8 No.12