육돈생산을 위한 우량교배조합 선발시험

박창식,정선부,김희석,이근상,박영일 ( C . S . Park,S . B . Chung,H . S . Kim,K . S . Lee,Y . I . Park ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.3

The results of a crossbreeding experiment with a total of 315 pigs of Berkshires, Hampshires, Durocs, Landraces, Large Whites, seven different twobreed crosses and twelve different three-breed crosses, produced at Livestock Experiment Station from 1975 through 1979, are summarized as follows. 1. The three-breed cross from D♂×(H♂×L♀) F₁♀ mating had the highest average daily gain and lowest feed requirement per unit gain, followed by the D♂×(Lw♂×L♀) F₁and H♂×(Lw♂×L♀) F₁♀ matings. The Berkshires and Landraces ranked lowest among the 24 mating groups compared for both of the traits. Males had higher average daily gain than females by about 0.06㎏ and had lower feed requirement by about 0.14. 2 . The three-breed crosses from D♂×(H♂×L♀) F₁♀, D♂×(Lw♂×L♀) F₁♀ and H♂×(Lw♂×L♀) F₁♀ matings reached 90㎏ body weight at younger age than the other groups. The D♂×(H♂×L♀) F₁♀ group reached 90㎏ at younger age than the Landrace by 39 days. The effects of the mating group, year, season and sex were statistically significant for the average daily gain, feed requirement and age at 90㎏ body weight. 3. The dressing percentage and lean meat percentage tended to be higher in H♂×(Lw♂×L♀) F₁♀, H♂×L♀ and H♂×B♀ matings compared to the other mating groups. The effects of the mating group and season were statistically significant, but the effects of the year and sex were not significant. 4. The loin-eye area was largest in the Kw♂×L♀ mating and smallest in the B♂×L♀ mating. Males had higher dressing percentage, higher lean meat percentage and loin-eye area than females. 5. The backfat was thinnest in purebred Hampshire and was thickest in B♂×L♀mating. The effects of the mating group and year were significant, but the effects of the season and sex were not significant. 6. The results obtained in the study suggest that the three-breed crosses from D♂×(H♂×L♀) F₁♀, D♂×(Lw♂×L♀) F₁♀ and H♂×(Lw♂×L♀) F₁♀ matings are superior crossbreds for pork production.

Comparision of Preservation of Liquid Boar Semen between Lactose-Egg Yolk and $B\ddot{u}tschwiler$ Diluents

박창식,천용민,서직,Park, C.S.,Cheon, Y.M.,Xu, Z. The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 1996 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.20 No.2

This study was done to find out the methods of long-term use of liquid boar semen in 100 ml plastic bottle for artificial insemination and to investigate differences between Lactose-Egg yolk and Biitschwiler diluents according to storage temperature, and effect of final glycerol concent ration in Lactose-Egg yolk diluent. Liquid boar semen diluted with Lactose-Egg yolk diluent showed significantly higher sperm motility (p<0.05) after 0.5 and 2h incubation at 37$^{\circ}C$,than Butschwiler diluent at all storage length when it was preserved in the 5$^{\circ}C$ refrigerator. The NAR acrosome in Lactose-Egg yolk diluent a after 0.5 and 2h incubation at 37$^{\circ}C$, respectively, during preservation periods was similar to that in Biitschwiler diluent. When liquid boar semen was preserved at 15$^{\circ}C$, liquid boar semen in the Butschwiler diluent showed significantly higher percentages of sperm motility and NAR acrosome from third day to seventh than that in Lactose-Egg yolk diluent. In the effect of final glycerol concentration of liquid boar semen in the Lactose-Egg yolk diluent, the final glycerol concentration of 2% showed higer percentages of sperm motility and NAR acrosome than that of 0, 1, 3, and 5%. Farrowing rate, litter size and average pig weight at birth did not differ significantly between Lactose-Egg yolk and But schwiler diluents. As a result of this study, we found out that liquid boar semen can be stored for 6-7 days at 5$^{\circ}C$ in Lactose-Egg yolk diluent and at 15$^{\circ}C$ in Butschwiler diluent.

이원교잡종 및 삼원교잡종 돼지의 산자능력 비교

박창식,정선부,이근상,박영일 ( C . S . Park,S . B . Chung,K . S . Lee,Y . I . Park ) 한국축산학회 1981 한국축산학회지 Vol.23 No.4

The results of a crossbreeding experiment with a total of 315 litters of Berkshires, Hampshires, Durocs, Landraces, Large Whites; eight different two-breed crosses and twelve different three-breed crosses, produced at Livestock Experiment Station from 1975 through 1979, are summarized as follows. 1. Number born alive per litter was largest in the D♂×(Lw♂ × L♀) F₁♀ mating, followed by the D♂ × (H♂ × L♀) F₁♀ mating, and was smallest in the Hampshires. The pigs in the 3rd-6th parities had larger litter size at birth than those in other parities. 2. Birth weight of pig was heaviest in L♂ × Lw♀ mating and lightest in the Large White. The total litter weight at birth was heaviest in the D♂ × (Lw♂ × L♀) F₁♀ mating, followed by D♂ × (H♂ × L♀) F₁♀ and Lw♂ × L♀ mating, and was smaller in Hampshires and Berkshires. 3. Latter size at weaning was largest in the D♂× (Lw♂ × L♀) F₁♀ mating, followed by D♂× (H♂×L♀)F₁♀ and Lw♂ × L♀ matings, and was smaller in Durocs and Hampshires. The pigs in the 3rd-6th parities had larger litter size at weaning than those in other parities. 4. The total litter weight at weaning was heaviest in the D♂ × (Lw♂ × L♀) F₁♀mating, followed by H♂ × (Lw♂ × L♀) F₁♀ and Lw♂ × L♀ matings, and was lighter in Durocs and Hampshires. The weaning weight of pig was largest in D♂ × (Lw♂ × L♀) F₁♀ mating and lightest in L ♂ × H♀ mating. 5. Survival rate at weaning was hightest in L♂ × Lw ♀ mating, followed by D♂ × (L♂ × H♀) F₁♀ and D♂ × (H ♂ × I ♀) F₁♀ matings, and was lowest in Durocs. 6. The results obtained in this study suggest that the two-breed cross from Lw♂ × L ♀ mating, and the three-breed crosses from D♂× (Lw♂ × L♀) F₁♀ and D ♂ × (H♂× L♀) F₁♀ matings are superior crossbreds for reproductive performance.

착유우 (搾乳牛) 의 볏짚사료위주 사육시 양조부산물 (釀造副産物) 과 Beet Pulp 첨가에 관한 연구

지설하(S . H . Chee),박창식(C . S . Park),김준식(J . S . Kim),박상문(S . M . Park),하종규(J . K . Ha) 한국축산학회 1992 한국축산학회지 Vol.34 No.5

The current studies were conducted to determine the effect of feeding value of brewers grain(BG) and beet pulp(BP) for lactating cows compared to corn silage and hay with rice straw. Twelve lactating cows were alloted into 3 × 3 Latin square method to determine the effect of feeding BG and BP with rice straw on lactating performance. Whole tract nutritive digestion, ruminal dry matter and protein degradation, and protein retention rate were also examined with sheep. The results obtained from present experiments are as follows; 1. Daily milk yield of cows fed corn silage-hay (CS-H), rice straw-beet pulp-brewers grain (RS-BP-BG) and rice straw-beet pulp (RS-BP) was 18.12, 19.21 and 18.32㎏, respectively. Cows fed RS-BP-BG had the highest milk yield(P$lt;0.05). Milk fat and liveweight were not affected by diets. 2. No significant differences on ruminal C₂ and C₄ concentrations were observed among experimental feeds, but C₃ concentration in CS-H, RS-BP-BG and RS-BP were 13.60, 37.18 and 31.82 mM/L(P$lt;0.05). Sheep fed CS-H had the highest ruminal P (6.2), while those fed RS-BP showed the lowest ruminal P (5.7) (P$lt; 0.05). 3. Percent dry matter disappearances of experimental diets containing CS-H, RS-BP-BG and RS-BP in the rumen were 66.7, 63.3 and 69.2%, and the protein disappearances from nylon bags incubated for 24 hrs were 66.7, 61.3 and 67.1%, respectively. 4. Whole tract dry matter, protein, NDF and ADF digestion was influenced by dietry treatment with highest digestibility in sheep fed RS-BP (P$lt;0.05), while no significant differences on digestibilities of ether extract and crude ash were observed among diets. 5. Sheep fed CS-H had the highest total N intake, and RS-BP had the highest N retention (35.86%) (P$lt; 0.05). 6. Total viable counts of bacteria in the rumen of sheep fed CS-H, RS-BP-BG and RS-BP were 3.63×10^9, 3.91×10^9 and 4.05×10^9/㎖, and cellulolytic bacteria in rumen content was 0.3×10^7, 1.5×10^7 and 1.1×10^7/㎖. 7. Gross income was highest for cows fed RS-BP-BG. In conclusion, the lactating performance was improved when cows were fed RS-BP-BG as a replacement of CS-H

한국재래산양정자 (韓國在來山羊精子) 의 액상 및 동결보존에 관한 연구

박창식,양문한,황덕수,이규승,서길웅 ( C . S . Park,M . H . Yang,D . S . Hwang,K . S . Lee,K . W . Seo ) 한국축산학회 1989 한국축산학회지 Vol.31 No.7

This study was carried out to develop the preservation methods of fresh and deep frozen Korean native goat spermatozoa and investigate the farrowing rate of Korean native goat does inseminated with frozen-thawed semen. The results obtained were as follow. 1. Motility and NAR acrosome of fresh spermatozoa during incubation were higher at 22℃ than at 5℃ or 37℃(p $lt;0.01). The percent LAC was inversely related to the percent NAR with regard to the incubation periods of these same three treatments. 2. Motility and NAR acrosome of spermatozoa diluted to 1:4 during incubation were higher at 22℃ than at 5℃ or 37℃. Especially incubation for 0.5, 3 and 6 h in the 5℃ had a marked detrimental effect on motility and NAR acrosome of spermatozoa. 3. Motility and NAR acrosome of spermatozoa during incubation were higher for samples diluted 1:1, 1:2, or 1:4 than for samples diluted 1:6(p $lt;0.01). 4. Motility and NAR acrosome of post-thaw spermatozoa were higher at freezing rate of 12℃/min or 24℃/min than at freezing rate of 1℃/min(p $lt;0.01). 5. Motility and NAR acrosome of post-thaw spermatozoa at freezing rate of 12℃/min were higher at 9% glycerol than at 6% or 3%(p $lt;0.01). 6. After thawing of frozen spermatozoa in a 37℃ water bath for 10 sec, incubation temperatures of 12℃, 22℃ or 37℃ for 2h did not show any differences on motility and NAR acrosome. 7. Farrowing rate of Korean native goat does inseminated twice with frozen-thawed semen was 25.0%. Mean kid weight at birth was l.9kg.

암퇘지에 있어서 체성장에 따른 혈청 성 Hormone 의 농도변화에 관한 연구

박창식,이규승,정영호,정영채 ( Chang S . Park,Kyu S . Lee,Yung H . Chung,Yung C . Chung ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.4

The present study was carried out to study the serum concentrations of peptide and steroid hormones from birth to 110㎏ in growing pigs. Six crossbred female pigs at diestrus were used for collection of blood samples at different weight. FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone and cortisol were assayed by radioimmunoassay methods. Serum FSH concentrations did not change from birth to 110㎏ body weight and were not detected below 1.3 mIU/㎖. LH concentrations ranged from 1.6 to 2.3mIU/㎖. They increased at 50㎏ body weight and remained quite constant thereafter. Prolactin concentrations ranged from 2.4 to 3.0 ng/㎖. Estradiol concentrations were significantly high (250.2 pg/㎖) at birth and then rapidly dropped at 15㎏ body weight and remained fairly constant (from 27.2 to 29.7 pg/㎖) thereafter. Progesterone concentrations ranged from 0.8 to 2.7 ng/㎖. They were 1.5ng/㎖ at birth and 0.8ng/㎖ at 15㎏ body Weight, and then increased to 2.4 ng/㎖ st 30㎏ body weight and remained fairly constant thereafter. Cortisol concentrations ranged from 26.8 to 65.2 ng/㎖. They rose from a low of 26.8 ng/㎖ at birth to high of 51.2 ng/㎖ at 50㎏ of body weight and then gradually increased to 65.2 ng/㎖ at 110㎏ body weight.

톱밥 발효상이 비육돈의 계절별 성장능력에 미치는 영향

박창식(C . S . Park),이봉덕(B . D . Lee),지설하(S . H . Chee),이광원(K . W . Lee),이성호(S . H . Lee) 한국축산학회 1992 한국축산학회지 Vol.34 No.4

In order to solve the urgent manure disposal problem facing Korean swine industry, the wood sawdust fermentation floor system (WSF), was compared with the conventional concrete floor system (CCF) in a series of feeding trials. Trials 1 through 4 were carried out in a year, with 36 to 40 finishing pigs per trial, to investigate the performances during 4 different seasons on both CCF (4m×7m) and WSF (4m ×9m or 6m×8m). Pigs were group-fed with ad libitum feeding until they reached about 110㎏ BW. Initial and final BW were measured individually. The backfat thickness and loineye area were also measured at the final day of each trial using an ultrasonic instrument. Regardless of the season, no significant differences (P$gt;0.05) were found in daily gain between CCF and WSF. However, the daily gain of barrows showed that WSF was more advantageous than CCF during winter, and vice versa during summer. Except during winter, no significant differences (P$gt;0.05) were found in backfat thickness and loineye area between CCF and WSF. It turned out that WSF could be a way to solve the problems of manure disposal and malodours throughout a year without spending extra money or labor.

5ml 스트로에 보존한 돼지 액상정액의 정자농도에 따른 수정능력에 관한 연구

박창식(C . S . Park),한성욱(S . W . Han),소중섭(J . S . Soh),김덕임(D . I . Kim),정홍기(H . K . Chung),류창구(C . G . Ryu) 한국축산학회 1992 한국축산학회지 Vol.34 No.2

This experiment was carried out to investigate the fertilizing capacity and optimum sperm concentration of liquid boar semen with BF_5 diluent in 5㎖ maxi-straw. The sperm-rich fraction of each ejaculate was slowly cooled to room temperature by 2 h after collection. Semen was centrifuged for 10 min at 1.500 rpm and the seminal plasma removed by aspiration. Semen was resuspended in BF^5 diluent to provide about 2×10^8 sperm /㎖. 6×10^8 sperm/㎖ and 10×10^8 sperm/㎖. Semen was cooled in a waterbath to 5℃ over a 2 h period and BF_5(+2% glycerol) diluent was added to cooled semen(1:1). Straws were immediately filled with 5㎖ of semen and steel or glass balls were used to seal the ends of the straws. The straws were horizontally placed on a metal rack and stored at 5℃ in a refrigerator. At insemination the straw was rediluted with 80㎖ BTS diluent. The optimum sperm concentration of liquid boar semen in 5㎖ maxi-straw was 50×10^8/5㎖. Farrowing rate and number of pigs horn alive per litter of diluted semen with 50×10^8 sperm concentration stored at 5℃ for 7 days were 85.0% and 10.11. respectively.

보존온도가 한우유 ( 韓牛乳 ) 의 자기살균 효과에 미치는 영향

김종우 ( J W Kim ),박창식 ( C S Park ),나광연 ( K Y Ra ) 한국축산학회 1970 한국축산학회지 Vol.12 No.3

This study was conducted to find out the effects of the germicidal action and preservation of milk drawn directly from 15 heads of Korean cows in the Taejon area under the temperature of 35℃, 25℃, 15℃, 5℃ each for 120 hours in the laboratory. The results of the acidity test, alcohol test, boiling test, pH test, methylene blue test and bacterial counts on Korean cow`s milk were as follows; 1. The acidity was 0.208% right after the milking. A sudden change occurred. The acidity content increased to 0.26∼0.36%. The same change occurred at 12 hours at 35℃, 16 hours at 25℃ and 48 hours at 15℃. There was only a slight charge of acidity(0.208-0.212) for 120 hours at 5℃. 2. The results of the alcohol test were positive after 12 hours at 35℃, 16 hours at 25℃ and 48 hours at 15℃. The results were negative at 5℃ for 120 hours. 3. The results of the boiling test were positive after 12 hours at 35℃, 20 hours at 25℃ and 48 hours at 15℃, while marking negative at 5℃ fur 120 hours. 4. The results of the pH test on Korean cow`s milk were pH 6.1, with the following changes after 8 hours at 35℃, 16 hours at 25℃ and 48 hours at 15℃. No change of pH appeared for 120 hours at 5℃. 5. The results of the methylene blue reduction test were as follows; During 120 hours of testing, the milk maintained a blue color for 8 hours just after the milking and kept it`s freshness for 120 hours at 5℃. It was also found that the milk kept fresh for 4-8 hours at 35℃, 12-16 hours at 25℃, 24 hours at 15℃. 6. The total bacterial counts of Korean cow`s milk were 440,000/㎖ just after the milking. The effects of germicidal action were presented for 4 hours at 35℃, 6 hours at 25℃, 12 hours at 15`C and 72 hours at 5℃.

액체질소콘테이너를 이용한 돼지정액의 동결

김학규(H . K . Kim),고문석(M . S . Ko),김인철(I . C . Kim),정행기(H . K . Chung),이광원(K . W . Lee),손동수(D . S . Son),김현(H . Kim),지설하(S . H . Chee),박창식(C . S . Park) 한국축산학회 1989 한국축산학회지 Vol.31 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of aluminium rack distance from liquid nitrogen surface in liquid nitrogen container on post-thaw sperm motility and NAR acrosome in maxi-straws. The post -thaw sperm motility and NAR acrosome for 15 cm from the liquid nitrogen surface were 57% and 56 % after 0.5 h incubation at 37℃, and 31 % and 38 % after 2 h incubation. The straws frozen from 5 cm to 25 cm above the liquid nitrogen surface did not show any significant differences on post-thaw sperm motility and NAR acrosome. The utilization of this deep-freezing method is considered to be acceptable under practical farm conditions.