술폰산 이온교환 수지촉매에 의한 MTBE합성반응의 속도론적 연구

박진화,조형규,신재순,박남국,김재승 ( Jin Hwa Park,Hyung Gyu Cho,Jae Soon Shin,Nam Cook Park,Jae Seung Kim ) 한국화학공학회 1995 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.33 No.1

The vapor phase addition of methanol to iso-butylene was studied in a differential flow reactor with macroreticular resin catalysts-Amberlyst 15. Reaction rate datas were analyzed by nonlinear regression method. The best fitting Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson(LHHW) kinetic model is expressed as follows: r=kK_IK_M(P_IP_M-P_E/K)/(1+K_IP_I+K_MP_M+K_EP_E)³ r_o=kK_IK_MP_(IO)P_(MO)/(1+K_IP_(IO)+K_MP_(MO))³ The rate determining step of the mechanism seems to be the surface reaction between the molecularly adsorbed methanol on one active center and the isobutylene adsorbed on the other one. The reaction requires an adjacent empty active center. The activation energy of MTBE synthesis was estimated as 8.941 ㎉/mole.

이온교환수지 촉매를 이용한 옥탄가 향상제인 TAME 합성반응의 연구

박진화 ( Jin Hwa Park ) 한국공업화학회 1996 공업화학 Vol.7 No.5

성질이 서로 다른 그물 구조형 이온교환수지인 Amberlyst-15, Amberlyst-15(wet)와 Amberlyst XN-1010을 가지고 고정충 상압 유통식 반응장치에서 옥탄가 향상제인 TAME 합성반응을 행하였다. Amberlyst-15가 Ambertyst-15(wet)와 Amberlysl XN-1010에 비해 활성이 좋았는데 그 이유는 겔형 미세입자 내부 활성점의 반응참여 정도가 크기때문으로 생각되며, TAME 합성반응의 최적 조건들은, 반응온도=135℃, 반응물 몰비(MeOH/I.A.A.)=1.0∼4.0, W/F=2.0∼4.0 gr.-cat. hr/gr.-mole일 때이었다. X-ray 회절 분석결과 2θ=20에서 styrene divinyl benzene이 가교결합을 나타냈으며, DSC 분석결과 열적 안정성의 순서로는 Amberlyst-15, Amberlyst-15(wet) 및 Amberlyst XN-1010이였다. 본 실험에서 구한 TAME 합성의 겉보기 활성화 에너지 값은 Amberlyst-15:Ea=12.36 kcal/mole, Amberlyst-15(wet):Ea=12.46 kcal/mole 및 Amberlyst XN-1010:Ea=14.72 kcal/mole이였다. TAME synthesis was studied in a fixed bed reactor with 3 different types of exchanged resins i.e, Amberlyst-15, Amberlyst-15(wet) and Amberlyst XN-1010. Amberlyst-15 has highest activity, presumably due to the higher reaction participation of the inner active sites of gel shape microparticular resin structure. The optimum reaction conditions for TAME synthesis were found as follows;reaction temperature of 135℃, molar ratio(MeOH/I.A.A) of 1.0∼4.0 and W/F of 2.0∼4.0 gr.-cat. hr/gr.-mole. The cross-linking bond of styrene divinyl benzene was observed at 2θ= 20 in XRD pattern. The DSC analysis showed that the thermal stability was in order of Amberlyst-15>Amberlyst-15 (wet)>Amberlyst XN-1010. The apparent activation energies of TAME synthesis reaction with Amberlyst-15, Amberlyst-15(wet) and Amberlyst XN-1010 were 12.36, 12.46 and 14.72 kcal/mole, respectively.

차세대 성능기반 내진설계법의 소개

박진화(Jin-Hwa Park),김영주(Young-Ju Kim),황정현(Jung-Hyun Hwang),안태상(Tae-Sang Ahn) 한국강구조학회 2017 韓國鋼構造學會誌 Vol.29 No.6

문헌고찰을 통한 급성기 병원의 간호사 확보수준과 입원 환자의 재입원율

박진화 ( Jin-hwa Park ),배성희 ( Sung-heui Bae ),신수진 ( Sujin Shin ) 한국보건정보통계학회 2019 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.44 No.3

Objectives: This study aimed to systematically review primary studies on the relationship between nurse staffing and hospital readmission. Methods: This study was conducted based on a systematic review of related nursing literature and meta-analysis. The CINAHL, Cochrane Library, DBpia, PubMed, PsycINFO, and RISS databases were searched for either English or Korean language studies published between January 2000 and August 2018 that examined the association between nurse staffing and patient outcomes. Results: Four studies examined the relationship between nurse staffing levels and readmission and all found negative relationships. Current evidence reveals that consistently higher nurse staffing is associated with better patient outcomes. The meta-analysis of 3 studies based on the random effect model showed that the higher nurse staffing level was effective in lowering readmission (odds ratio: 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.08). The meta-analyses revealed a significant increase in readmission in low nurse staffing levels. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that sufficient nurse staffing is a strong indicator of the provision of nursing care quality. Continuous effort is recommended to set an optimal patient-to-nurse ratio to formulate guidelines regarding nurse staffing strategies.

국민연금제도에 내재된 젠더 차이 변화 연구: 제도의 외적 및 내적개혁을 중심으로

박진화 ( Jinhwa Park ) 사단법인 아시아문화학술원 2020 인문사회 21 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 국민연금제도의 외적 및 내적개혁을 통해 제도에 내재된 젠더차이가 얼마나 변화되었는지를 분석하는 것이다. 문헌연구를 통한 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사업장 및 지역가입자의 적용범위 확대와 전업주부를 위한 임의가입의 확대, 그리고 경력단절여성을 위한 추납제도의 적용 등 외적개혁을 통해서는 사각지대에 놓여 있던 상당수의 여성들이 제도 속에 포괄되었다. 둘째, 수급자가 주로 여성인 유족연금과 분할연금, 그리고 출산크레딧 제도의 도입 및 개정 등 내적개혁을 통해서는 여성의 연금수급권이 강화되었다. 따라서 제도의 외적 및 내적개혁을 통해 국민연금제도에 내재된 젠더차이는 점차 그 격차가 완화된 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 여성의 불리함이 제도 속에 지속적으로 반영되어야 함을 시사한다. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the gender gap inherent in the system have changed through external and internal reforms of the National Pension System. First, a large number of women in blind spots were included in the system through external reforms, such as wider coverage of work places and regional subscribers, more voluntary subscriptions for housewives, and the application of a retirement system for career-breaking women. Second, women’s pension entitlements have been strengthened through internal reforms such as survivors’ pensions, partial pensions, and childcare credit system. Therefore, the gender gap in the national pension system was gradually reduced through external and internal reforms. This suggests that women’s disadvantages should continue to be reflected in the system.

플라스틱 표면의 표면거칠기에 따른 손가락 마찰특성

박진화(J.H. Park),김승택(S.T. Kim),오창열(C.Y. Oh),우제용(J.Y. Woo),이영제(Y.Z. Lee) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2014 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.10

국내 50가지 축산물 및 축산가공 식품의 섭취량 및 섭취빈도 조사

박진화(Jin Hwa Park),조준일(Joon Il Cho),주인선(In Sun Joo),허진재(Jin Jae Heo),윤기선(Ki Sun Yoon) 한국식품영양과학회 2016 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.45 No.8

축산식품과 그 가공품의 소비량이 증가함에 따라 이로 인한 식중독 또한 꾸준히 발생하고 있어 다양한 축산식품과 그 가공품에 대한 안전관리가 필요하다. 본 연구는 50가지 축산식품과 그 가공품에 대해 대한민국의 성인을 대상으로 축산식품의 섭취실태를 조사하기 위해 전국의 성인 남녀 1,500명을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였다. 성별, 나이별, 지역크기별, 직업별, 지역별로 섭취량 및 섭취빈도를 조사한 결과, 축산식품의 섭취량과 섭취빈도에 가장 영향을 미치는 것은 지역의 차이였다. 성별로는 남성이 여성보다 섭취량 및 섭취빈도가 높았으며, 나이별로는 20대에서 가장 높고 나이가 증가함에 따라 섭취량 및 섭취빈도가 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 지역크기별로는 식육 및 그 가공품의 경우 대도시, 우유 및 유가공품과 알류 및 알 가공품은 중소도시에서 섭취량 및 섭취빈도가 높았으며, 직업별로는 학생이 축산식품과 그 가공품에 대한 섭취량과 섭취빈도가 높았다. 지역별로는 서울과 인천/경기, 부산/울산/경북에서 섭취량과 섭취빈도가 높았다. 조사대상자 전체(1,500명)의 섭취빈도를 조사한 결과, 한 달에 가장 자주 섭취하는 식육과 그 부산물류에서는 돼지고기, 닭고기, 소고기 순이었고, 축산가공품에서는 햄, 양념된 돼지불고기, 소시지 순이었으며, 우유 및 유가공품에서는 우유, 액상 요구르트, 호상 요구르트 순이었고 알류 및 알 가공품에서는 계란말이, 계란찜, 삶은 계란 순으로 조사되었다. 결론적으로 인구집단에 따른 50가지 축산식품과 그 가공품의 섭취량과 섭취빈도를 조사한 결과, 인구집단에 따라 선호하는 축산식품의 종류가 다르며 섭취하는 양에도 차이를 보였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 안전한 축산식품 섭취 관련 식중독 교육에 활용할 수 있으며, 축산식품과 그 가공품의 병원성 식중독균에 대한 위해평가 과정에서 노출평가에 필요한 섭취량 데이터베이스 구축에 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다. Estimation of food consumption details, such as portion size and frequency of consumption, is needed for exposure assessment step in microbiological risk assessment. This study investigated the amounts and frequencies of 50 kinds of consumed livestock products. A quantitative survey was performed by trained interviewers in face-to-face interviews with 1,500 adults aged over 19, who were randomly selected from seven major provinces in Korea. Respondents received a picture of one serving size for each of the 50 livestock products, including meats, processed meat products, milk and dairy products, and eggs and processed egg products. A t-test and general linear model were carried out using SPSS statistics. The most important factor affecting consumption of livestock products was residence area. The most frequently consumed food was milk (2.6 times/week), followed by pork (1.4 times/week), liquid yogurt (1.3 times/week), rolled omelet (1.2 times/week), semisolid yogurt (1.0 times/week), steamed egg (1.0 times/week), ice cream (0.9 times/week), chicken (0.8 times/week), low fat milk (0.7 times/week), and beef (0.6 times/week). In the case of consumption amount, people living in a city consumed meat (beef, pork, chicken, and duck) 1.5 times more than those living in a village, whereas milk and dairy products and eggs and processed egg products were consumed more frequently by people living in a town. When people eat meat, they consume twice the amount of one serving size. Students consumed livestock and processed livestock products more frequently with greater portions all at once. People living in Seoul, Incheon/Gyeonggi, and Busan/Ulsan/Gyeongnam consumed livestock products more frequently in large amounts. Data from this study can be used for risk assessment of livestock and processed livestock products as well as education for safe consumption of livestock products.

탄점소성 동등체 기반 다결정 모델을 활용한 AA6061의 파괴 거동 분석과 유한요소해석 적용 및 검증

박진화(J.H. Park),정영웅(Y. Jeong) 한국소성가공학회 2021 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.5

간호대학생의 문화적 공감과 간호전문직관의 관계에서 문화적 역량의 매개효과

박진화 ( Jin Hwa Park ),박지현 ( Ji Hyun Park ) 대한의료커뮤니케이션학회 2021 의료커뮤니케이션 Vol.16 No.1

Background : The purpose of this study was to identify the degrees of cultural empathy, cultural competence and nursing professionalism and to investigate the mediating effect of cultural competence between cultural empathy and nursing professionalism in nursing students. Methods : A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. A total of 139 participants was surveyed using a self-report questionnaires including general charactericis, a cultural empathy questionnaire, a cultural competence scale, and a nursing professionalism scale. The descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and a mediating effect analyses were used for data analysis. Results : The average score of cultural empathy, cultural competence, and nursing professionalism were 3.86, 3.59, and 4.00, respectively. Positive correlations among cultural empathy, cultural competence, and nursing professionalism were noted. Cultural competence showed a significant mediating effect on the relationships between emotional empathy and nursing professionalism and the relationship between cognitive empathy and nursing professionalism. Conclusion : Nursing students must recognize the necessity of multicultural nursing through multicultural education. Nursing students should have a nursing professional intuition capable of assessing and solving problems in subjects with diverse cultural backgrounds by encouraging cultural empathy and cultural competence for multiculturalism.

대기오염 측정용 DIAL의 오차해석에 관한 연구

박진화(Jin Hwa Park),이용우(Yong Woo Yi) 大韓環境工學會 2000 대한환경공학회지 Vol.22 No.1