운동역학 : 평행봉 Belle piked 동작의 운동학적 분석

박종훈(JongHoonPark) 한국체육학회 2005 한국체육학회지 Vol.44 No.6

The purpose of this study is helps to make full use for perfect performance by grasping the defects of Belle piked motion performed by athlete Yang, Tae-young. For this, the study analyzed kinematical variables through Belle piked motions performed at the first selection competition(1st trial) and final selection competition(2nd trial) for the dispatch to the 28th Athens Olympic Games using the three-dimensional cinematographical method with a high-speed video camera, and obtained the following results. 1. It was indicated that the flight time during the Belle piked motion performance, it was the same with 0.667 second in the 1st and 2nd trials, but the giant swing was longer in the 2nd trial as 0.716 second than that in the 1st trial.2. Also it was indicated that the 2nd trial movements showed more magnificent shapes than those of the 1st trial by performing giant swing of large circles, increase of release and flight height, salto from knee angle extended close to the straight line, regrasp movement from extended hip joint.3. It was indicated that Tap timing was a little slower in the 2nd trial than that in the 1st trial, and Tap instant horizontal velocity rapidly proceeded forward, and returned backward at the moment of release from the bar, and its vertical velocity of up swing phase was rapid.4. It was indicated that extending shoulder joint and hip joint and pushing out the body, and making a giant swing, and a dynamic down swing movement by horizontal velocity rise, had a better effect on vertical velocity rise of up swing phase than swing movement going down crouching the body and dependent on Tap. 5. And it was indicated that at Tap swing, performing a short and brief Tap movement shortening the flexion and extension width prevented hands from missing at the lower part of plumb of a giant swing, and controlled the bodily horizontal deviation by the horizontal velocity rise.

운동역학 : 도마운동 Ropez동작의 운동학적 분석

박종훈(JongHoonPark),윤상호(SangHoYoun),백진호(JinHoBack),김동민(DongMinKim),정남주(NamJuChung) 한국체육학회 2003 한국체육학회지 Vol.42 No.3

The purpose of this study is to closely examine kinematic features by jump stage of Ropez motion in horse vaulting and clarify effective rotation and twist movement of the body. For this, as a result of analyzing kinematic variables through three-dimensional images using high speed video camera to Ropez motions performed at horse competition, for men events, gymnastics, the 14th Busan Asian Games, and comparing them with the precedented research into Kasamas line skills(Park, Jong-hoon, 2001, 2002; Lee, Soon-ho, 2001), the following conclusion was obtained.1. It was indicated that at the post-flight, the increase of flight time and height has an critical effect on that of twist extent, and when the COG reached the peak, the rotation angle of the trunk does not secure the complete bwd, salto, but the twist angle of the trunk already forms 270˚. This means that the efficacy of twist motions is enhance since rotation motion is restrained, and mass is closely distributed to the rotation axis of twist.2. It was indicated that at the contact of the board, the angle of hip and knee joints is large, and rotational velocity of trunk is slow, so the horizontal distance of COG gets small and time of contract become longer at the treading time. This is derived from the fact that the touch-down of horse becomes easy according to the horse standard`s change, so the body stands up in advance and approaches the board.3. It was indicated that at the pre-flight, horizontal moving distance and flight duration are very short, and the moving velocity of COG and the angular velocity of the body`s rotation and twist are very slow, so the flight is made to a very small extent. This is because of the intention to quickly lean on the horse, and lower blocking angle.4. It was indicated that at the contact of the horse, Ropez movement shortens contact time and horizontal displacement, and enlarges shoulder angle. This means that it provides increased vertical rise by restraining the push of the body forward, and making the body take-off before it reaches the vertical state. Also at the phase of contacting the horse, the horse touch-down is formed aside, but the trunk is formed in the same way of handspring skills, and this indicates that the body has already made a nearly half twist after horse take-off, contributing to enhancing the effectiveness of twist according to special sense.

국가대표 인라인스케이트선수 500m 출발동작의 운동학적 분석

박종훈(JongHoonPark),김영욱(YoungWookKim),백진호(JinHoBack),박종철(JongChulPark),이용식(YongSikLee) 한국체육학회 2009 한국체육학회지 Vol.48 No.4

본 연구는 국가대표 인라인 스케이트 선수들의 500 m 종목의 출발자세와 출발구간의 동작에 대해 운동학적 특성을 규명하고, 보다 나은 출발기술을 모색하고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 3차원 영상분석을 하였으며, 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 출발신호 후 반응시간과 첫 왼발의 착지까지의 소요시간을 줄이기 위해서는 정지 상태에서 운동 상태로 빠르게 전환하는 근력 훈련이 필요하다고 판단되고 하지 근력 강화를 통해 푸시오프 하는 킥의 능력을 향상시켜 스트로크 율을 높여야 할 것으로 판단된다. 신체중심은 좌우 방향과 수직 방향으로 균형을 잡으며 이동하면서 전후방향으로의 운동이 이어지도록 해야 하며, 코너에 진입하면서 원심력을 이용하여 빠르게 인코스로 이동시키는 것이 중요하다고 판단된다. 또한 신체중심의 속도에서는 빠르게 하기 위해서는 좌우측 근력의 균형을 맞추기 위한 근력 프로그램을 적용하여야 할 것으로 판단된다. 각도요인에서 슬관절의 굴신 폭을 크게 하면서 발목 각도는 120 ° 정도를 유지하여 착지 시 지면과의 마찰을 최소화 하여야 할 것으로 판단된다. 상체의 전경각도는 출발 시 자세에서 상체를 완전히 구부린 자세를 취하기보다는 40~50 ° 정도로 유지했다가 첫 발이 진행되면서, 이지할 때는 세웠다가 다시 착지할 때는 구부린 자세로 글라이딩 하는 것이 유리한 것으로 나타났다. Among This study is intended to figure out the kinematic characteristics of the starting position and the motions at the starting section in the male event of 500m inline skating and grope for better starting techniques. To achieve this goal, this study performed three-dimensional image analysis and thereby gained the following results. In order to reduce the reaction time and the time consumed at the first left-foot landing after the starting signal, it is considered to be necessary to carry out strength training so that the static state can be changed to the dynamic state rapidly. It is also thought that the stroke rate should be increased by improving the kicking skill for push-off through strengthening the muscles in the lower limbs. Moreover, while the center of mass moves as it balances horizontal as well as vertical directions, the movement should continue in the anteroposterior direction. It is also important to save ground using centrifugal force to shorten the time when entering the corner. Furthermore, it is necessary to apply strength programs to balance the muscular strength between the left and the right side so as to speed up the rate at the center of mass. In regard of angular factors, as maintaining the ankle angle as about 120 degrees while widening the width of flection and extension at the knee angle, one should minimize the friction with the surface of ice at landing. At the start, the trunk slope angle of the upper body should remain at the angle of 40 to 50 degrees rather than having a complete bending posture. Next, when the first step is taken, one should erect during the take-off and then do the gliding with the bending posture again at landing; this was found to be more advantageous.

자연과학편 : 도마경기(跳馬競技)의 착지(着地) 성공률(成功率)에 관(關)한 분석(分析) - 남자선수(男子選手)를 중심(中心)으로 -

박종훈(JongHoonPark) 한국체육학회 1992 한국체육학회지 Vol.31 No.1

This thesis is a study on the success rate of the landing part of the vault performance parts-such as Approach, take-off, Pre-flight, Horse contact, Post-flight, Landing- as the subjects of this study, intended for 24athletes who were superior in their records in a first game(collective game) and were participating in a third game(final game by events) among athletes who had participated in the 24th Seoul Olympic Games in 1988. the 11th Asian Games in 1990, and the 26th World Gymnastics Championships in 1991.As a result of its study and analysis, the following conclusion could he taken.1) Landing success rate as the competitions.It was shown that the success rate of landing in gymnastics was 75% in the 24th Seoul Olympic Games in 1988, 71.3% in the 11th Asian Games in l990. and 72.5% in the 26th World Gymnastics Championships in 1991. Therefore. it was revealed that the success rate of landing in gymnastics is the highest in the 24th Seoul Olympic Games in 1988.2) Landing success rate as performances.It was shown that even though Handspring and double salto forward tucked performance was carried out three times in three competitions, the success rate of landing was lowest at 0%. And it was revealed that when Cuervo stretched performance was carried out thirteen times in three competitions, the success rate of landing was highest at 89.2%.3) Landing success rate as an attitudes.It was shown that when tucked-type performance were carried out nine times, success rate of landing was 51.2%. And it was revealed that picked-type performance was carried out five times, the success rate of landing was 68%. It was shown that when stretched-type performance was carried out thirty-four times, the success rate of landing was 79.5%. And it was shown that the stretched-type performance was carried out more that the tucked-type and picked-type performances, and its success rate of landing was higher that of the latter two types of performances.

운동 역학 : 도마 Tsukahara 동작의 전환계 운동이 착지 거리에 미치는 영향

신갑호(GapHoShin),박종훈(JongHoonPark) 한국체육학회 1997 한국체육학회지 Vol.36 No.1

도마 경기에서의 기술 난이도는 전환계 동작시 착수 형태와 회전계 동작시 공중 회전 운동의 신체 자세 및 회전량에 따라 결정되며, 최근의 경기에서는 착수 후 회전계 동작의 보다 높은 질적 수준과 웅대한 면이 강조되고 있다.이에 본 연구에서는 스카하라(Tsukahara) 동작의 운동학적 요인과 제 2비약 거리와의 관계를 규명하여 체조선수의 경기력 향상을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 그 목적을 두었다.이러한 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여, H대학 남자 기계체조 선수 4명을 대상으로 3차원 영상 분석을 통하여 운동학적 요인을 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다.1. 발구름 동작동안 신체중심의 수평속도가 큰 폭으로 증가할수록 착지 거리를 크게 하는 것으로 나타났다.2. 제 1비약 동작동안 긴 체공에서의 큰 움직임은 제 2비약의 비행 높이를 저하시키고, 짧은 체공에서의 작은 움직임은 착지 거리를 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.3. 도마 착수 동작동안 빠른 신체의 각속도와 도마 이륙시 빠른 신체중심의 합성속도는 착지 거리를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다.4. 회전계(제 2비약) 동작동안 비행 높이가 커질수록 비행시간이 증가되며, 착지 거리가 넓어질수록 착지시 신체중심의 합성속도가 증가되어 착지의 불안정을 초래하는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the landing distance and the counter rotation movement of Tsukahara in Vaulting.4 gymnasts, H. University gymnasts, served as subjects. 2 S-VHS video camera were used for the data collection. And the DLT technique was employed to obtain 3-D position coordinates of 21 body landmarks and a cubic spline function was used for smoothing and differentiation. It also calculates the location of center of mass using Chandler et al.(1975).After analyzing the data, the following conclusions were drawn;1. During the board contact, the faster the horizontal velocity showed the longer the landing distance.2. During the pre-flight phase, the longer the flight time led to the lower the flight height in the post-flight phase. The small movement of short flight time showed the decrease of landing distance.3. When the horse contact, the quick angular velocity of body and the quick resultant velocity of COG increased the landing distance.4. During the post-flight phase, the higher the flight height led to the longer the flight time. The longer the landing distance led to the faster the resultant velocity of COG at landing, and this movement produce the unstable landing position.

자연과학편 : 철봉 Gaylord 동작의 운동학적 분석

신갑호(GapHoShin),박종훈(JongHoonPark) 한국체육학회 1994 한국체육학회지 Vol.33 No.1

In the horizontal bar, I got the following results by video analysis of three national athletes in order to use it as a basic material for improving their skills. It was examined by kinematic variables of Gaylord movement suited for the rule of scoring revised in 1993 and high value of difficulties.1) In down swing of whirling, the large circle movement of Hip J. makes it easy to move upward vertically and shorten the redius of upward swing movement. And it helps to take slant-handstanding when taking the bar.2) In down swing of whirling, the fast velocity of Hip J. helps to retain fast velocity in third and forth phases. And it makes possible to move in the air and increase the revolving power of retaking bar.3) In the swing motion, the extreme increase of velocity of Ankle J. can decrease the revolving power of Ankle J. the increase of revolving power of Ankle J. can help to take bar and take slant-handstanding.4) In the swing motion, the waist reaction which is shown in the form of big angular variation of Hip J. can cause the upward movement of Hip J. and increase the revolving power of Ankle J.5) In down swing of whirling, the overly extension movement can cause the delay of timing of waist reaction in the third phase and make the same overly extension movement in the forth phase. So it makes it easy to increase the revolving power of Ankle J. But it can cause difficulties in the upward movement of Hip J.6) The abrupt reflection of Knee J, in the forth phase of deviation of hans can disturb the increase of revolving power and the upward movement of Hip J.

자연과학편 : 쇼트트랙 스피드 남자 500m 스피드 스케이팅 출발구간에 대한 운동학적 분석

이종훈(ChongHoonLee),백진호(JinHoBack),박종훈(JongHoonPark) 한국체육학회 2006 한국체육학회지 Vol.45 No.6

본 연구는 2005년 세계 쇼트트랙 스피드 스케이팅 선수권 대회 500m 종목에 참가한 선수들 가운데 우수한 성적을 거둔 외국 선수(4명)와 우리나라선수(1명)등 총 5명을 대상으로 실시하였으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. R2까지의 구간에서 평균소요시간은 1.64±0.11s이며, S3는 1.50s, S5은 1.73s로 외국선수들이 우리나라선수에 비해 짧은 소요시간을 나타내고 있어 이에 대한 개선이 요구된다. 인체중심의 수평 이동변위는 외국선수들이 우리나라선수에 비해 큰 것으로 나타났으며 기록이 좋은 선수일수록 수직 변위가 낮은 비율을 보였다. 특히 초기 출발자세에서 첫발이 이동하는 L1국면에서 인체중심의 속도가 외국선수들이 크게 나타나고 있는데 이는 초기 추진력이 다음 국면의 속도에 계속해서 영향을 주고 있기 때문으로 판단된다. A filed study was attempted to kinematical estimation four male foreign skaters, who participated in the 500m male final round competition, and one Korea skater during the World Short track Skating Championship. In point of analyzing the actual competition situation, it is expected that skaters and coaches the effective informations, and the following conclusions are drawn; Foreign skaters who participated in final competition are superior to korean skater in kinematical factors. The elapsed time by phase in start motion of the foreign skaters appeared shorter that of Korea skater, so the start training of Korea skater should be strengthed. Also the displacement of C.G and foot segeent of start phase of the foreign skaters appeared longer displacement than that of Korea skater. Especially in the starting position, the foreign skaters are superior to Korea skater in displacement of first(left) and next following stroke(right). The velocity of C.G and maximum velocity of skate blade of foreign skaters art faster than that of Korea skater. And the foreign skaters show the superior early velocity change.

자연과학편 : 체조 철봉 Yamawaki 기술동작의 훈련프로그램 개발 및 향상도 평가

백진호(JinHoBack),박종철(JongChulPark),박종훈(JongHoonPark) 한국체육학회 2009 한국체육학회지 Vol.48 No.2

본 연구는 철봉종목의 국가대표선수 K를 대상으로 정량적 기술 분석을 통해 고난도 기술의 완성도를 높임으로서 경기력 향상에 도움을 주고자 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 철봉 야마와기 동작을 분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. K 선수가 1차 시기에서 구사하고 있는 야마와기 동작은 수평중심의 상승스윙과 수평중심의 비행으로 비행높이가 낮게 나타났으며, 신체가 매우 낮은 상태에서 완전한 비틀기가 이루어지기 전에 원활하지 못한 동체 회전으로 불안정한 봉 잡기를 이루는 단점이 나타났다. 이와 같은 단점을 극복하기 위하여 연구방법에 제시한 기초훈련 연습을 주 5회 총 7시간의 연습 시간 중 20분씩 8주간을 반복적으로 실시하였다. 또한 실제 야마와기 동작을 실시할 때는 고관절의 굴신운동 위주로 추기기 타이밍을 조금 늦추되 신체를 봉 가까이에 두면서 다리를 수평중심으로 낮게 차내어 상하운동중심의 추기기를 실시케 한 후 견관절각을 좁히면서 신체를 철봉으로 끌어당기고 위로 치켜세우게 주문하여 연습에 임하게 하였다. 그 결과 봉 이탈 시 수직속도가 현저하게 증가되었고, 이에 따라 비행 높이가 증가되어 공중회전운동 시 보다 여유로운 역회전과 비틀기 운동을 통해 높은 위치에서 안정된 봉 잡기 동작을 수행할 수 있게 되어 고득점 획득에 필요한 동작의 안정성과 웅대함을 확보할 수 있었다. This study intends to support the athletic ability improvement of K who has been selected as a national athlete in the horizontal bar. For this, it analyzes how he performs Yamawaki, one of the elements of the horizontal bar, and the results gained are as shown below. The Yamawaki element K performs in the first contest includes a horizontal centering upward swing and a horizontal centering flight, and the flight height was shown low. His fault was to grip the bar unstably due to the instable trunk rotation before performing a complete twist since his body was too low. In order to overcome this problem, he repeated the basic training practice suggested in the study method for 20 minutes within total seven practice hours five times a week for 8 weeks. Moreover, when performing the Yamawaki element in person, he was asked to practice in the following way. Exercise mainly the flection and extension of hip joints and delay the tap timing a little. At this time, draw the body near to the bar and kick the legs low in horizontal centering to perform a tap through up-and-down movement. Next, draw the body near to the bar and life it up as narrowing the shoulder angle. As a result, while he was separated from the bar, the vertical speed noticeably increased. Thus, his flight height also increased, so during the aerial rotation, he came to be able to grip the bar more stably in a higher position through more comfortable counter rotation and twist. Accordingly, he was able to secure the stability and magnificence of elements necessary to get a high score.

2012 런던올림픽 대비 체조 도마 종목 실시간 피드백시스템 구축 및 활용을 통한 YANG Hak Seon 동작의 완성도 평가

송주호(JooHoSong),문영진(YoungJinMoon),백진호(JinHoBack),박종훈(JongHoonPark),하철수(ChulSooHa),남승구(SeungGuNam),이용식(YoungSikLee) 한국체육학회 2013 한국체육학회지 Vol.52 No.6

본 연구는 2012년 런던올림픽을 대비해 현장에서 보다 빠르고 효율적인 피드백을 제공받을 수 있도록 실시간 현장지원 시스템을 구축하고 이를 활용하여 YHS 선수의 YANG Hak Seon 기술의 완성도를 높이기 위해 실시하였다. 본연구를 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 실시간 현장지원 시스템을 통해 전습 또는 평가전 시 자신이 수행한기술 정보를 복잡한 자료처리 과정을 거치지 않고 즉각적으로 피드백을 제공받음으로 인해 YANG Hak Seon 기술에 대한 완성도를 높일 수 있었다. 둘째, 영상자료 DB 구축은 연도별-주요대회 및 평가전-종목별-선수별 등으로 카테고리를 분류하여 연구자뿐만 아니라 지도자나 선수들이 손쉽게 찾아 볼 수 있도록 구성하였다. 또한 올림픽을 앞두고 실시된 전습 및 평가전 경기 영상과 2012 런던올림픽 종목별, 선수별 경기 영상을 DB 구축하였다. 셋째, 실시간현장지원 시스템을 이용하여 각 시기별로 국면별 주요 변인을 파악한 후 문제점 보안 및 완성도를 평가하였다. This study establishes the real-time on-site support system so as to provide Yang Hak-Seon with accurate, efficient and faster feedback on the site and increase the completeness of YANG Hak Seon technique with the use of the system in preparation of London 2012 Olympics. This study reaches the following conclusions:First, feedback was instantly provided without a complicated data processing process through the real-time on-site support system in the whole learning or warm-up matches to increase the completeness of YANG Hak Seon technique. Second, the image material database was established by time period and the category was classified by year, major competition/warm-up match, event and player so that not only researchers but also coaches or players were able to search easily. Third, YANG Hak Seon technique were identified by time period and phase with the real-time on-site support system and feedback were provided to demonstrate the near-perfect motion.

체조 도마 종목 Yeo 2 동작의 결정요인 비교 분석

송주호(JooHoSong),박종철(JongChulPark),이용식(YoungSikLee),백진호(JinHoBack),오상봉(SangBongOh),박종훈(JongHoonPark) 한국체육학회 2014 한국체육학회지 Vol.53 No.1

이 연구는 Yeo2 기술의 영상분석을 통해 기술의 주요 요인을 분석하고 이를 통해 신기술가능성을 진단해 보고자 하였다. 동작 수행이 가능한 남자 국가대표 기계체조 선수 3명을 대상으로 실시하였으며, 분석 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 국면별 소요시간에서 KSM은 제1비약의 소요시간을 줄이고 YHS와 KHH는 도마 접촉시간을 줄여야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 신체중심 수평이동은 KHH는 전방으로의 이동이 작게 나타난 반면 KSM은 전방으로의 이동이 크게 나타났다. YHS는 제1비약에서 전방으로의 이동을 줄여 이상적인 모습을 나타냈다. 구름판 착지 시 KHH의 경우 자세가 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 신체중심 수평속도는 KHH의 속도가 느린 것으로 나타났고, KSM은 수평속도의 수직 변환이 이루어지지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 도마 접촉과 이지 시 고관절과 슬관절의 각도를 유지시켜야 하고 도마 이륙 시 수직에 가까운 상태에서 동작을 취해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 동체회전과 동체비틀기 각도는 제1비약과 공중회전 구간에서 큰 각도를 유지시켜야 하며 Peak 시 수직에 가까운 자세를 취해야하는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 제1, 2비약에서 동체회전각속도를 증가시키고 구름판, 도마 접촉 구간에서는 속도를 제어해야하며 Peak까지 동체비틀기 각속도를 증가시켜야 하는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the technical factors of Yeo2 motion though video analysis and evaluate the its possibility as a new technology. The subject in this study was 3 male gymnastic players of the national team who can perform Yeo2 motion. As a result, the conclusions were as follow; In the time spent for each phase, KSM should reduce the pre-flight phase time. YHS and KHH should shorten the horse contact time. In the horizontal shift of center of mass(CM), KHH translated to the anterior side slightly but KSM showed a posture that the CM translated to the forward a lot. YHS showed the ideal posture by shortening the anterior movement at the pre-flight phase. During the board landing, KHH took the low posture. In the horizontal velocity of CM, KHH was slow and KSM didn`t convert horizontal movement to vertical. In case of horse contact and take off, the players should keep the hip and knee angle. Also, in the vault take-off, they have to take the body motion at the vertical state. It is recommended that the body rotation angle and twist angle should keep large angle in the pre-flight phase and rotation in the air. Moreover when the angles reached the peak, they should take the vertical motion. Finally, they should increase the body rotation angular velocity at the pre-flight and post-flight phase, control the speed in the board and horse contact period, and increase the body twist angular velocity to the peak value.