국민의료비 지출수준과 연관요인 분석:OECD 국가를 중심으로

박인화 한국보건행정학회 2012 보건행정학회지 Vol.22 No.4

This study tried to find out the level of national health expenditure and associated factors in the OECD countries and then to derive lessons for Korea's health financing based on the cross-national comparison. As a result, Korea's health expenditure in 2010(7.1% of GDP) accounted for 74.7 percent of the OECD average and ranked as countries to spend less on health. At the same time, the socio-economic indicators such as GDP per capita, elderly population ratio and the total tax revenue to GDP also remained between 72~82 percent of the OECD average. The public share of health financing(58.2%) was relatively lower than those of other countries. However the health expenditure and the public share have grown 1.9~2.4 times higher than the OECD average over the past decade. According to the quantitative analysis, countries with relatively high income and elderly population turned out to have high health expenditure. Whereas, an inverse relationship was found between the total health expenditure and the public funding. It was estimated that the value of national health expenditure to GDP decreases 0.083 when the rate of public funding increases 1 percent point. Further, the share of public funding was affected positively by the total tax burden. Based on these findings, this study suggests that the sustainable spending on health and alleviating households' direct burden could be ensured by enhancing the share of public funding along with adjusting the tax burden of the people.

통일대비 : 통일한국 미래상 대연구17 ; 보건의료제도 : 남북한의 중간형태 지향하는게 바람직

박인화 평화문제연구소 1995 통일한국 Vol.142 No.-

Role of MicroRNA-34a in Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

박인화,송이선,주현우,Guang-Yin Shen,성진희,신나경,조영종,이용구,신정훈,Young Hyo Lim,Hyuck Kim,김경수 대한당뇨병학회 2020 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.44 No.1

Background: Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the process of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We have previously reported that granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) ameliorated diastolic dysfunction and attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we hypothesized a regulatory role of cardiac miRNAs in the mechanism of the anti-apoptotic effect of G-CSF in a diabetic cardiomyopathy rat model. Methods: Rats were given a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin injection and then randomly allocated to receive treatment with either G-CSF or saline. H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes were cultured under a high glucose (HG) condition to induce diabetic cardiomyopathy in vitro. We examined the extent of apoptosis, miRNA expression, and miRNA target genes in the myocardium and H9c2 cells. Results: G-CSF treatment significantly decreased apoptosis and reduced miR-34a expression in diabetic myocardium and H9c2 cells under the HG condition. G-CSF treatment also significantly increased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein expression as a target for miR-34a. In addition, transfection with an miR-34a mimic significantly increased apoptosis and decreased Bcl-2 luciferase activity in H9c2 cells. Conclusion: Our results indicate that G-CSF might have an anti-apoptotic effect through down-regulation of miR-34a in a diabetic cardiomyopathy rat model.

교통사고 상해증후군의 한의 임상진료 현황조사를 위한 웹기반 설문조사

박인화,황의형,황만석,허인,김병준,임경태,신병철,Park, In-Hwa,Hwang, Eui-Hyoung,Hwang, Man-suk,Heo, In,Kim, Byung-Jun,Lim, Kyeong-Tae,Shin, Byung-Cheul 한방재활의학과학회 2017 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Objectives The purpose of this study is to understand current status of Korean Medicine treatment practice patterns for traffic injuries by web-based survey. Methods The structured questionnaire was distributed by a web based survey to 1,630 potential respondents by email from December 19th in 2016 to February 13th in 2017. All data were statistically analysed. Results The response rate was 79.4%. According to the analysis of the outcome of the survey, 88.0% of the participants felt necessity of the development of Korean medicine clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for traffic injuries. Survey results showed cognitive degree about Korean Medicine CPGs' necessity, individual Korean medicine treatments and requirement for extending insurance coverage for patients with traffic injuries. Conclusions This survey study helps to determine current clinical practice patterns of Korea medicine treatments for traffic injuries. These results further anticipate to provide basic data for CPGs for traffic injuries.

임단협이 먹고 사는 문제면 탄소 중립은 죽고 사는 문제

박인화 한국비정규노동센터 2022 비정규 노동 Vol.156 No.-

NMR Assignments of Rotameric Aporphine Alkaloids from Liriodendron tulipifera

박인화,나민균 한국생약학회 2020 Natural Product Sciences Vol.26 No.2

Liriodendron tulipifera, belonging to the family Magnoliaceae, is commonly called tulip tree. Four N-acetylated aporphine alkaloids, N-acetylnornuciferine (1), N-acetylanonaine (2), N-acetyl-3-methoxynornuciferine (3), and N-acetyl-3-methoxynornantenine (4) were isolated from the roots of L. tulipifera. Although the purity of each compound (1 - 4) was determined to be 97, 96, 99, and 98%, respectively, the 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data of the aporphine alkaloids 1 - 4 displayed all signals in duplicate, indicating the presence of two rotamers due to restricted rotation of N-COCH3 functionality in solution status. The absolute configurations of 1 - 4 were established by measuring specific rotation and comparison with the reported data. This is the first report on the 1H and 13C NMR assignments of N-acetyl-3-methoxynornuciferine (3) and N-acetyl-3-methoxynornantenine (4). This study provides advanced NMR spectroscopic data for the structure determination of rotameric aporphine alkaloids.

소아변비에 대한 추나요법의 효과 : 체계적 문헌 고찰

박인화,박선영,황의형 척추신경추나의학회 2018 척추신경추나의학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Objectives : This review aims to evaluate the effects and the safety of Chuna manual therapy(CMT) for pediatric functional constipation. Methods : We searched 10 electronic databases(Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CAJ, Oasis, RISS, KISS, NDSL, KMBASE, KISTI) and related 2 journals until October 2018. We included randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of testing CMT for pediatric functional constipation. The methodological quality of RCTs related assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results : 16 RCTs were eligible in our inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis of 11 studies showed positive for use CMT for pediatric functional constipation. CMT significantly improved total efficancy rate compared with medications (P < 0.00001). Conclusions : There is evidence of CMT for pediatric functional constipation with meta-analysis. However, our systematic review has limited evidence to support CMT for pediatric functional constipation. because the quality of relevant trials is relatively poor.Further well-designed RCTs should be encouraged. the quality of relevant trials is relatively poor.

A Study on the Applications of English Science Class using PBL

박인화 한국산학기술학회 2020 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.21 No.5

In order to attain the best-educated people in a rapidly changing, modern society with English is an official language, this study applies the problem-based learning (PBL) method to the English Science Class. PBL problems were developed for PBL classes, and their effectiveness has been proven. The focus of this study was five PBL questions posed during the first semester, targeting seven learners in the fourth grade of Elementary School A. The questions were divided into levels aimed at each grade, with the emphasis on specialized English education. Learners wrote journals, peer evaluations, and self-evaluations after finishing their PBL classes. Also, a survey about PBL was conducted after the first semester. The results of the study showed that learners experienced an 86% improvement in presentation skills, an 86% improved interest in learning, 86% better understanding, and 100% improvement in both problem-solving skills and cooperation. On the other hand, learners had difficulty in understanding PBL problems, and with research using the internet. PBL was somewhat unfamiliar to the students, but the survey found that learners are already aware of its effectiveness, and that they are interested in PBL.

학술발표(學術發表) 연제(演題) 및 초록(抄錄) 제이부(第二部): 미생물(微生物) : 12. 영남지방 도축돈에 대한 폐렴 발생 조사

박인화,조광현,도재철,장성준,박노찬,권헌일,박덕상 한국동물위생학회 1996 학술대회논문집 Vol.1996 No.-

법정 복지지출 결정과정 사례분석과 PAYGO 규칙의 적용 탐색

박인화 국회예산정책처 2015 예산정책연구 Vol.4 No.2

법정지출은 예산과정에서 통제되기 어려운 속성을 띠는데, 이 중에서도 법정 복지지출은 국가와 국민의 권리관계에 기반을 두므로 정부는 거부할 수 없는 의무를 진다. 2007~2019년간을 보면, 법정 복지지출이 총지출의 2배 속도로 증가하면서 정부지출 확대를 주도한다. 이렇게 나라살림의 쓰임새가 늘면 국가채무 증가도 불가피하다. 그렇다면, 팽창하는 복지지출과 재정건전성 문제 사이에서 지불 가능한 재정운용을 도모하려면 어떻게 해야 할 것인가? 이에 대한 답을 국회 과정에서 찾아보려는 시도가 연구의 주안점이다. 이를 위해 본고는 법정 복지지출 결정과정을 사례분석하고, 이에 변화를 가하는 법률안 내지 예산안이 재정수지에 중립적이도록 PAYGO 규칙 적용에 필요한 제도적 기반을 탐색하였다. 그 결과, PAYGO를 적용하려면 입법과정과 예산과정 모두에서 재정의 거시총량 정보와 전문역량이 요구되므로, 예산과정 개선을 비중 있게 제안한다. 예산과정이 입법과정에서 진단되어야 할 법정지출의 PAYGO 여부를 긴밀하게 뒷받침하자면, 2단계 예산심의 절차가 강조된다. 입법과정도 기준선 추계 뿐 아니라, 새로운 입법의 추가비용 추계, 지출소요점검 등의 제도개선이 필요하다. 국회가 재정권한을 두 단계로 나누어 행사하면서 법정지출법안이 PAYGO 되도록 한다면, 국가의 미래를 위한 바람직한 재정통제시스템이 될 것이다. Mandatory spending is not controlled by annual budget process but by the legislation that rules eligibility criteria and payment formulas. Furthermore, mandatory welfare spending, also known as direct spending is the principle growth area of government spending. In the 2007~2019 period, mandatory welfare spending is increasing two times faster than the total government spending. If so, what should we do for enhancing financial sustainability between increasing mandatory spending and deepening fiscal imbalance? In response, this paper analyzes the decision-making process of mandatory welfare spending, and explores the application of the PAYGO rule to ensure individual bills including mandatory spending be deficit-neutral. As a result, it proposes institutional measures and changes both for the legislative and budgetary processes. Among these, the adoption of two-stage budget approval is essential to meet the PAYGO requirement. If the National Assembly exercises legislative and budgetary power so that bills containing mandatory spending and revenue changes should be deficit-neutral, it would be desirable financial control system for the future of the state.