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식물 치사관련 유전자를 이용하는 신규 제초제 작용점 탐색 및 조절물질 개발동향
황인택(Hwang L.T.),이동희(D.H. Lee),최정섭(J.S. Choi),김태준(T.J. Kim),김범태(B.T. Kim),박유신(Y.S. Park),조광연(K.Y. Cho) 한국농약과학회 2001 농약과학회지 Vol.5 No.3
New technologies will have a large impact on the discovery of new herbicide site of action. Genomics, combinatorial chemistry, and bioinformatics help take advantage of serendipity through the sequencing of huge numbers of genes or the synthesis of large numbers of chemical compounds. There are approximately 10³? to 10?? possible molecules in molecular space of which only a fraction have been synthesized. Combining this potential with having access to 50,000 plant genes in the future elevates the probability of discovering new herbicidal site of actions. If 0.1, 1.0 or 10% of total genes in a typical plant are valid for herbicide target, a plant with 50,000 genes would provide about 50, 500, and 5,000 targets, respectively. However, only 11 herbicide targets have been identified and commercialized. The successful design of novel herbicides depends on careful consideration of a number of factors including target enzyme selections and validations, inhibitor designs, and the metabolic fates. Biochemical information can be used to identify enzymes which produce lethal phenotypes. The identification of a lethal target site is an important step to this approach. An examination of the characteristics of known targets provides of crucial insight as to the definition of a lethal target. Recently, antisense RNA suppression of an enzyme translation has been used to determine the genes required for toxicity and offers a strategy for identifying lethal target sites. After the identification of a lethal target, detailed knowledge such as the enzyme kinetics and the protein structure may be used to design potent inhibitors. Various types of inhibitors may be designed for a given enzyme. Strategies for the selection of new enzyme targets giving the desired physiological response upon partial inhibition include identification of chemical leads, lethal mutants and the use of antisense teclmology. Enzyme inhibitors having agrochemical utility can be categorized into six major groups: ground-state analogues, group specific reagents, affinity labels, suicide substrates, reaction intermediate analogues, and extraneous site inhibitors. In this review, examples of each category, and their advantages and disadvantages, will be discussed. The target identification and construction of a potent inhibitor, in itself, may not lead to develop an effective herbicide. The desired in vivo activity, uptake and translocation, and metabolism of the inhibitor should be studied in detail to assess the full potential of the target. Strategies for delivery of the compound to the target enzyme and avoidance of premature detoxification may include a proherbicidal approach, especially when inhibitors are highly charged or when selective detoxification or activation can be exploited. Utilization of differences in detoxification or activation between weeds and crops may lead to enhance selectivity. Without a full appreciation of each of these facets of herbicide design, the chances for success with the target or enzyme-driven approach are reduced.
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혈액투석중인 만성신부전환자의 영양소 섭취상태와 식습관의 평가 : In the Southern Part of Chungchong Province 충남지역을 중심으로
정영진,박유신,김찬,장유경 漢陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 2002 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.20
This study was conducted to evaluate nutrient intakes and food habits of 49 hemodialysis patients(26 men and 23 women) in the southern part of Chungchong Province, in Korea. Dietary intakes by 24hr-recall method for 3 days and food habits were assessed. All the data were analyzed by Student t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS 8.0 version at p<0.05 level. Energy intake including protein, fat and carbohydrate was lower than Korean RDA. Energy intake(p=0.022) and animal fat intake(p=0.048) in women were lower than in men. Crude fiber and cholesterol intakes were adequate in the subjects, and most of the minerals were undertaken below 75% of Korean RDA except phosphorus(105% of RDA). Vitamin intakes were the same as mineral intakes, except thiamin(75.6% of RDA). Food habits of the hemodialysis patients were generally undesirable especially in dietary regularity, and the subjects needed some education on low-potassium cooking methods in vegetable dealing. Animal fat and sodium intakes were well-regulated, and this trends were more notable in men(p<0.05). Energy intake is an important factor that maintains healthy nutritional status of hemodialysis patients, and food habits such as 'Eating out frequently' and 'Eating stew more than broth' were selected as factors to explain energy intake(R2=0.198, p=0.014). Unluckily these food habits are connected with high sodium intake, so we had better find other ways to increase energy intake. We concluded that the subjects, ESRD(End-Stage of Renal Disease) patients who have hemodialysis were generally undernourished, so they should increase energy, mineral (especially, calcium and iron) and vitamin intakes. To improve this problem we suggest that supplementation of multivitamins, calcium and iron complexes should be recommended strongly, and that nutrition education on food habits such as 'Having balanced meals regularly in time and in frequency' should be focused on.
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