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        CT검사의 방사선 피폭과 저감화 방법

        박용구,정승은 대한의사협회 2011 대한의사협회지 Vol.54 No.12

        There has been a recent increase in attention focused on the potential risk of radiationinduced carcinogenesis from diagnostic radiology, with a particular emphasis on computed tomography (CT). After the rapid adoption of multidetector CT (MDCT), radiation doses from CT are now the single largest source of diagnostic radiation exposure to patients, and the carcinogenesis risk from diagnostic CT radiation dose exposure can no longer be ignored by physicians. To understand the exposure risk and monitor radiation dose exposure, an understanding and interest in CT dose reports is necessary. Almost all MDCTs now show and allow storage of the volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP), and effective dose estimations on dose reports, which are essential to assess patient radiation exposure and risks. To decrease these radiation exposure risks, the principles of justification and optimization should be followed. Justification means that the examination must be medically indicated and useful. Optimization means that the imaging should be performed using doses that are as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA), consistent with the diagnostic task. Optimization includes understanding and changing CT protocols to perform the same diagnostic task with the minimal amount of radiation exposure while maintaining diagnostic accuracy. Physicians and radiologists must be aware of the radiation risks associated with CT exams, and understand and implement the principles for patient radiation dose reduction.

      • 포푸라 내염성(耐塩性) 개체(個體)의 기내선발(器內選拔)

        박용구,손성호 박수정 경북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1988 慶北大農學誌 Vol.6 No.-

        포푸라(양황철)의 기내배양(器內培養)에서 대량증식(大量增殖)한 유전적(遺傳的)으로 균일(均一)한 시료(試料)를 이용(利用), NaCl내성(耐性)을 검정(檢定)한 결과(結果) 50mM이 생육한계(生育限界)임을 밝혀냈다. 엽표피(葉表皮)를 침(針)으로 뚫어 MS 기본배지(基本培地)에 Auxin과 Cytokinin의 효과(效果)를 검정(檢定)한 결과(結果) Cytokinin에서는 많은 개체(個體)가 발생(發生)하였으며 특(特)히 BAP 에서는 127.6개의 많은 개체(個體)가 발생(發生)하였다. NaCl 내성개체(耐性個體) 선발(選拔)을 위(爲)해 같은 배지(培地)에 NaCl 10mM부터 100mM까지 10단계로 처리(處理)하여 침(針)으로 자극한 시료(試料)를 접종(接種)한 결과(結果) 50mM 이상(以上)에서 13.7~15.7개의 여러가지 개체(個體)를 얻었다. 특(特)히 90mM에서 10.7개 100mM에서도 8.3개의 개체(個體)를 얻었다. 비선발(非選拔) 개체(個體)는 50mM 이상(以上)의 NaCl 첨가(添加)배지에서 생장(生長)이 완전(完全)히 중지(中止)된 반면(反面)에 기내선발개체(器內選拔個體)는 고농도(高濃度) NaCl의 계대배양에서도 생장(生長)를 계속하였다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)에서 임목(林木)에 있어서도 기내배양법(器內培養法)를 이용(利用)하여 내성(耐性) 개체(個體)를 선발(選拔)할 수 있는 가능성(可能性)을 추정(推定)할 수 있었다. The concentration of 50 mM Nacl inhibited the shoot growth of P. nigra maximowiczii in viro culture. The punctured leaves have produced so many individuals on MS basal medium with cytokinin. Especially MS basal medium with BAP 0.8mg/l showed the best shoot performance in which the average number of shoots were 127.6. For selection of NaCl tolerance shoot of poplar, punctured leaves were inoculated on MS basal medium with BAP 0.8mg/l and various concentrations of NaCl(from 10 mM to 100 mM graded by 10 mM). On the medium with over 50mM of NaCl, 13.7 to 15.7 shoots were obtained. Especially on the medium with go mM and 100mM. 10.7 and 8.3 shoots, respectively. The shoots derived from control medium (non-NaCl) were depressed growth, while the selected shoots from MS with NaCl showed good growth performance on MS basal medium with 50 mM of NaCl. From this results, we suggested that the possibility of in vitro selection to tolerance for inorganic salts in forest tree species.

      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재

        LRB를 이용한 병렬전단벽 구조물의 지진응답제어

        박용구,김현수,고현,김민균,이동근 한국지진공학회 2010 한국지진공학회논문집 Vol.14 No.6

        대부분의 전단벽 구조물은 통로의 목적으로 개구부를 필요로 하게 되고 전단벽들 사이가 슬래브나 연결보로 연결된 병렬 전단벽의 형태를 띠게 된다. 이러한 구조물에 지진하중이 작용할 때 연결보에 과도한 전단력이 작용하여 연결보가 취성적으로 파괴되거나 전단벽이 먼저 항복하는 문제점이 발생할 수 있다. 이를 방지하기 위하여 연결보에 감쇠장치를 설치하게 되면 구조물의 진동제어효과와 더불어 연결보의 응력집중 및 취성적 파괴를 막을 수 있어서 내진성능 향상을 기대할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 병렬전단벽 연결보 중앙부에 LRB (Lead Rubber Bearing)가 설치된 구조물의 지진응답제어효과 및 응력의 분포를 평가하여 구조적 효율성을 확인하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 병렬전단벽의 거동을 비교적 정확하게 모사할 수 있는 모형화 방법을 제안하였고, 제안된 모형화 방법을 통하여 지진하중을 받는 예제 병렬구조물에 대한 시간이력해석을 수행한 후 지진응답제어성능을 검토하였다. Most of shear wall structures require openings in shear walls and thus shear walls are linked by floor slabs or coupling beams resulting in the coupled shear wall structures. When these structures are subjected to seismic excitations, excessive shear forces are induced in coupling beams. Accordingly, brittle failure of coupling beams may occur or shear walls may yield first. To avoid this problem, damping devices can be installed in coupling beams. It can increase the vibration control effect and improve the seismic resistance performance of the coupled shear wall structure by avoiding stress concentration and the brittle failure of coupling beams. Based on this background research, an LRB (lead rubber bearing) was introduced in the middle of the coupling beam in this study and the authors investigated the seismic response control effect and stress distribution of the proposed system. To this end, a modeling technique that can effectively predict the structural behavior of coupled shear wall structures has been proposed. With this proposed technique, time history analyses of the example coupled shear wall structure subjected to seismic excitation were performed and the vibration control effects of the seismic responses were investigated.

      • KCI등재

        일본인 집단주의 비판론의 성과와 일본인 관계주의의 위상

        박용구 한국일어일문학회 2019 日語日文學硏究 Vol.110 No.-

        In this paper, after introducing the contents of Japanese relationalism, which was presented as an alternative to Japanese collectivism, we sought to find a short-sighted way to establish the status of relationalism in the debate of ‘individualism:collectivism’. Japanese relationalism, which has emerged as an alternative to Japanese collectivism, was centered around claims by Hamaguchi, Behu and Yamagishi. Hamaguch's contextualism has plenty of room for revision and supplementation, but it shows a very high level. The essay on the relationalism mentioned in this paper ignores the historical nature of relationalism. If the essay of Japanese relationalism comes from the process of criticizing Japanese collectivism, it should of course pay attention to the relationship between collectivism and relationalism. Also, in order to understand collectivism, one cannot help but look at the relationship between collectivism and individualism. In other words, the beginning of the establishment of the status of Japanese relationalism should be found in the debate of ‘individualism:collectivism’. Through the two debates – the philosophical, political and ideological E-F debate that developed from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century – and the T-I debate, which blossomed in the 1960s, Japanese collectivism and relationalism should be dealt with separately. Japanese collectivism is suitable for analysis of Japanese theory in the era of totalitarianism and Japanese relationalism in the period of high economic growth. The establishment of the status of Japanese relationalism should begin with the analysis of Japan's traditional social values. .

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