전척수(全脊髓) 및 경막외차단(硬膜外遮斷)으로 편타성(鞭打性) 손상(損傷)의 통증치험(痛症治驗) (4례(例) 보고(報告))

박오,옥시영,송후빈,Park, Wook,Ok, See-Young,Song, Hoo-Bin 대한통증학회 1988 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.1 No.1

For the relief of pain in 3 cases of whiplash syndromes (case I, II and IV) and in one of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (case III), we have carried out six intentional. total spinal blocks (TSB) which attempted two times in case I, three in case II and one in carte III whoso various symptoms were chronically unresponsive to the usual conservative treatments, and a time of cervical epidural and right suprascapular nerve block in case W whose acute symptom lasted 4 drys following the cervical injury (see fables from 1 to 9). During the 753, we have observed clinically the sequential charges of respiration, lid and pupil reflexes, body motion and consciousness. And checked the blood pressure, pulse rate and arterial Pco2. The effectiveness of those blocks has been assessed by using the Visual Analog Scale which is designed to measure the patient$\acute{s}$ subjective intensity of pain and also we have found out the sequelae following those blocks. The methods of the blocks were as the following: 1. Under the N.P.O. for 8~10 hours, the preparations of immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation and premedication with atropine 0.5mg at thirty minutes before the TSB, it was performed by injecting the mixture of 2% mepivacaine 10 or 15ml and normal saline 10 or 5ml through No. 23 G. spinal needle into the subarachnoid space of $C_7-T_1$ interspinous region with fully flexed neck on the lateral posture. Immediately after the injection of the local anesthetic in the lateral position, the patient$\acute{s}$ were hasten to change Trendelenburg$\acute{s}$ position in order to act the drugs cephalad and to make easy controlled respiration with oxygen. 2. The cervical epidural block was done by injecting the mixture of 0.5% bupivacaine 4ml, normal saline 4ml and triamcinolone 15mg through No. 18 G. Tuohy needle into the epidural space on the same region and posture as the above without premedication.7he suprascapular nerve block was done by injecting of 0.5% bupivacaine 3ml only into the right suprascapular fossa on the sitting posture. The results were as the following: 1. The cessation of respiration was seen within 5 minutes following the subarachnoidal injection of the above 20ml mixture in 2 to 3 minutes and then soon the consciousness began to disappear. The loss of Lid and pupil reflexes noted between 5 to 10 minutes and the size of the dilated pupils was equal between 5 to 20 minutes, but the pupil of the dependent side on tile lateral position was dilated 1 to 3 minutes earlier than that of the independent. The patients had r=ever responded to any stimulations during the TSB except their heart funtion. 2. The recovery of the TSB was as the following, firstly the ankle and lower limb of the independent side began to move slightly with in 34 to 75 minutes after the injection and then that of the dependent Secondly the neck and upper limb moved 6 to 15 minutes later than the lower limb. Thirdly the self respiration began to appear between 40 to 80 minutes from the block. The lid and pupil reacted to touch and light respectively between 40 to 80 minutes but the pupil of the independent side responded earlier than that of the depends. Lastly the consciousness recovered completely between 80 to 125 minutes from the block. 3. In the cardiopulmonary function during the TSB, the blood pressure were stable except the 210/130 tory at the and block of case I. There were bradycardias between 65 to 85 minutes in case I and II but no arrythmia on the EKG. The level of the arterial Pco2 was maintained to 43~45 torr during the TSB. 4. The effectiveness of the above blocks was no pain(0%) in case IV, and light (10~20%) in case I and II but no improvement in case III. 5. The right arm weakness has been complicated as to be Injected accidently the "COLD" local anesthetic at the End block of case I.

Interplay Between Cognition and Mobility in Older Adults

박오무연 대한노인병학회 2017 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.21 No.1

Mobility, the ability to move independently, is a critical function for a human being to live a normal life. Mobility impairment poses a major burden on the individual, family, and society as its prevalence increases worldwide with aging of the population. Gait has long been considered as an automatic motor task and this approach has been followed in clinical practice and in the research field. However, more recently studies have suggested that gait requires high-level cognitive function, leading to increased scientific interest in the association between gait and cognition. These findings have significant implications for the development of novel interventions to prevent mobility and cognitive decline among older adults. This article reviews the current literature on the interplay between gait and cognition and on how these findings should be applied for clinical evaluation and intervention to prevent functional decline in older adults.

포진후 신경통

朴澳 대한의학협회 1995 대한의학협회지 Vol.38 No.6

메타버스의 윤리적 사례 분석

심민규(Min-kyu Shim),변순용(Sunyong Byun),박이슬(Yi-seul Park),박오누리(On-nuri Park),박하느리(Ha-nue-ri Park) 한국인공지능윤리학회 2023 인공지능윤리연구 Vol.2 No.1

기술의 발전은 사회에 많은 영향을 끼친다. 메타버스 시대가 다가오며 긍정적인 영향과 동시에 그에 따른 부작용도 발생하고 있다. 이에 과학기술정보통신부는 메타버스 윤리 원칙 초안을 마련하며 사용자들이 지향할 가치와 실천 방안을 안내하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 메타버스에서 발생하는 윤리적 문제 사례들을 분석하여 그 해결책을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 현재 발생하고 있는 사례들을 조사하여 성격에 따라 6가지 영역으로 분류하였다. 1) 성적 자율성, 2) 폭력, 3) 금융, 4)보안과 정보, 5)정체성, 6)중독과 과의존 영역의 사례들을 조사한 후 윤리적으로 갖는 의미와 현재 시행되고 있는 해결책들을 살펴보고 그 한계점들을 다루었다. 마지막으로 대안책을 제시함으로 메타버스 상의 윤리적 문제가 최소화되며 우리 사회에 안착되도록 기여하고자 한다. The development of technology has a lot of influence on society. As the metaverse era approaches, positive effects and side effects are occurring at the same time. In response, the Ministry of Science and ICT is preparing a draft of the Metaverse Ethics Principles and guiding users on values and practical measures to pursue. The purpose of this study is to analyze cases of ethical problems occurring in metaverse and present solutions. To this end, the cases currently occurring were investigated and classified into six areas according to their characteristics. 1) sexual autonomy, 2)violence, 3)finance, 4)security and information, 5) identity, 6)addiction and overdependence, we looked at ethical implications and current solutions and addressed their limitations. Finally, by suggesting alternative measures, we intend to contribute to minimizing ethical problems on the metaverse and settling in our society.

Droperidol-Pentazocine 마취의 임상적 연구

오흥근,변달섭,박오 대한마취과학회 1973 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.6 No.2

Since 1959 neuroleptanalgesia has been used for poor risk patients and open heart surgery. From august 1973 we have used a modified neuroleptanalgesia and anesthesia with droperidol-pentazocine- N2O in 40 cases. Age ranged 10 to 69 years; 22 were male and 18 female. Physical status was. Class I and II except for 4 patients in Class III and IV. In Group I (20 patients) for induction of neuroleptanalgesia, a mixture combining droperidol, 0.25mg/kg, and pentaocine, 1.0~1.2 mg/kg, was administered intravenously. In Group II (20 patients) for induction initially droperidol only, 0.25 mg/kg, was injected intravenously and 5~10 minutes later pentazocine, 1.0~1.2mg/kg, was given intravenously. Endotracheal intubation following a sleep dose of thiopental, 75~100 mg, and succinycholine, 40~60 mg, was performed in 36 cases. During the operation anesthesia was maintained with N2O-O₂, supplemented with muscle relaxants. Neuroleptanalgesia without thiopentaJ, relaxants, intubat- ion or N2O, to four patients (laryngeal supension-2 cases, and percutaneous cordotomy 2 cases). An additional quarter of the initial dose of droperidol was given,if anesthesia time exceeded .3 4 hours. Pentazocine, half the initial dose was also repeated when the patient showed signs of inadequate anesthesia, as body movement, tachycardia, increased blood pressure and lacrimation. The patients were deeply tranquilized but did not sleep with only droperidol and pentazocine. However when N2O inhalation was given, the corneal reflex was lost and the patient quickly went to sleep. The pupils persisted in miosis after pentazocine was given. The course of induction was smooth and there was no sweating, bradycardia or generalized muscular contractions seen at that time. Nausea and vomiting 12 hrs after anesthesia appeared in only 10% of cases. Blood pressure in Group I remained stable after the mixture but in Group II fell somewhat after the droperidol injection. Pulse rates was stable in both groups. Moderate respiratory depression was observed in Group I as soon as the mixture was administered, however during anesthesia and operation, the respiratory rate, tidal volume and minute volume gradually increased and were normal postoperatively. In Group II after pentazocine administration, respiratory depression increased significantly to about the same level in Group I but persisted after the end of the operation. In neither group was there any statistically significant change in pH and Base-Excess values. Recovery from anesthesia was very rapid and patients opened their eyes on command in 2~3 minutes after N2O was stopped and awakened within 5~6 minutes. The analgesic effect of pentazocine as excellent, persisting for 12 hours postoperatively. In conclusion the circulatory and respiratory response to the administration of the droperidol and pentazocine mixture were more stable than when they were administered seperatedly.