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한국산 물벼룩 Moina macrocopa와 Daphnia sp.에 대한 수종 농약의 번식독성 비교
김병석(Byung-Seok Kim),박연기(Yoen-Ki Park),박경훈(Kyung-Hun Park),정미혜(Mi-Hye Jeong),유아선(Are-Sun You),양유정(Yu-Jung Yang),신진섭(Jin-Sup Shin),김진화(Jin-Hwa Kim),윤성명(Seong Myeong Yoon),안용준(Young-Joon Ahn) 한국농약과학회 2007 농약과학회지 Vol.11 No.4
The reproduction toxicity of several pesticides on two Korean water flea was investigated to develop a new standard species used for ecological risk assessment of pesticide. Moina macrocopa and Daphnia sp. were exposed to 4 different types of pesticides over 10 and 21 days, respectively. No-observed effect concentration (NOEC) for synthetic pyrethroid, fenpropathrin on Moina macrocopa and Daphnia sp. were 0.17 and 0.06 μg L?¹, respectively. Diazinon, carbofuran and myclobutanil were in the order of their reproduction toxicity to cladocerans tested. There were large differences between Moina macrocopa and Daphnia sp. in their susceptibility to fenpropathrin, diazinon and carbofuran except myclobutanil. Daphnia sp. is more sensitive than M. macrocopa to pesticides tested. Therefore Daphnia sp. may be a good surrogate species to assess the reproduction effect of pesticides on aquatic invertebrates. M. macrocopa also be a good surrogate species because it is one of the most abundant cladocera in agricultural environment, especially rice paddy in Korea. In addition to it's ecological importance of wide spread distribution, it has also economical importance to make possible to shorten period for reproduction test using M. macrocopa due to it's short life cycle.
2종의 수서곤충 Chironomus riparius와 Cloeon dipterum의 유충 성장단계별 molinate 급성독성 비교
김병석(Byung-Seok Kim),박연기(Yoen-Ki Park),홍순성(Soon-Sung Hong),양유정(Yu-Jung Yang),박경훈(Kyung-Hun Park),정미혜(Mi-Hye Joeng),김세리(Se-Ri Kim),박경훈(Kyeong Hun Park),예완해(Wan-Hae Yeh),김두호(Doo-Ho Kim),홍무기(Moo-Ki Hong) 한국농약과학회 2009 농약과학회지 Vol.13 No.4
Molinate (S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate), a selective, preemergence thiocarbamate herbicide used for grass weed control in rice fields, is being most widely used in Korea. This study was conducted to assess the comparative toxicity of molinate on two aquatic insects, Chironomus riparius and Cloeon dipterum in four larval stages. First-instar larvae of C. riparius appeared to be the most sensitive to acute exposure of molinate with a 48-h EC<SUB>50</SUB> of 7.8 ㎎/L, followed by third instar (48-h EC<SUB>50</SUB> = 22.9 ㎎/L), second instar (48-h EC<SUB>50</SUB> = 25.0 ㎎/L) and fourth instar (48-h EC<SUB>50</SUB> > 50 ㎎/L) larvae. Also, the sensitivity of the larvae of C. dipterum was presented as the same manner of the larvae of C. riparius. The youngest group of larvae of C. riparius appeared to be the most sensitive to molinate, with 96-h EC<SUB>50</SUB> values ranged from 14.3 to 24.1 ㎎/L. The authors assume that the young instar lavae of aquatic insects, Chironomus riparius and Cloeon dipterum are more sensitive to molinate. Also, the authors propose that Mayfly, Cloeon dipterum is well suited as a bioassay organism because it is one of the most vulnerable aquatic insects inhabiting agricultural ecosystem in Korea.
김병석(Byung-Seok Kim),박연기(Yoen-Ki Park),이용훈(Yong-Hoon Lee),정미혜(Mi-Hye Joeng),유아선(Are-Sun You),양유정(Yu-Jung Yang),김진배(Jin-Bae Kim),권오경(Oh-Kyung Kwon),안용준(Young-Joon Ahn) 한국농약과학회 2008 농약과학회지 Vol.12 No.3
Lack of honey bee toxicity data for most pesticide products used for strawberry restricts to predict the adverse effects to foraging honey bee after treatment of pesticide in plastic house. This study was conducted to evaluate the actual risk of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) through acute contact toxicity test, acute oral toxicity test and toxicity of residues on foliage test with 21 pesticide products. The mortality of honeybee sprayed with 6 pesticides including dichlofluanid WP showed significantly different from control at recommended application rate in acute contact toxicity test at 24 hours after treatment. Fenpropathrin EC and milbemectin EC treatment groups showed more than 25% mortalities at recommended application rate in acute oral toxicity test. In toxicity of residues on foliage test, only fenpropathrin EC treatment group showed more than 25% mortalities at 10 days after treatment at recommended application rate. It was concluded that the most toxic route to exposure for honey bee is direct contact exposure to sprayed pesticides. Safety interval for honey bee was established by concerning the results of these tests.
김병석(Byung-Seok Kim),박연기(Yoen-Ki Park),박경훈(Kyung-Hun Park),정미혜(Mi-Hye Jeong),유아선(Are-Sun You),양유정(Yu-Jung Yang),신진섭(Jin-Sup Shin),김진화(Jin-Hwa Kim),윤성명(Seong Myeong Yoon),안용준(Young-Joon Ahn) 한국농약과학회 2007 농약과학회지 Vol.11 No.4
The acute toxicity of several pesticides on 4 Korean water flea was investigated to develop a new standard species used for ecological risk assessment of pesticide. Four Korean freshwater cladocerans, Daphnia obtusa, Daphnia sp., Moina macrocopa and Simocephalus vetulus were exposed to five different pesticides during 48 hours to compare their sensitivity with a standard test species, Daphnia magna, endorsed formally by the major international organizations. The synthetic pyrethroid, fenpropathrin was the most toxic pesticide to cladocerans. Diazinon, carbofuran, iprodione and myclobutanil were in the order of their toxicity to cladocerans tested. There was no consistent difference in sensitivity to five pesticides for four Korean cladocerans tested. In conclusion, the ecological risk assessment using single species toxicity referred to base set data should not be enough to protect to every species in the field environment.
한국산 물벼룩 표준생태독성시험법 확립을 위한 10종 용매대조물질에 대한 독성반응 비교
김병석(Byung-Seok Kim),박연기(Yoen-Ki Park),양유정(Yu-Jung Yang),홍순성(Soon-Sung Hong),박경훈(Kyung-Hun Park),정미혜(Mi-Hye Joeng),김세리(Se-Ri Kim),박경훈(Kyeong Hun Park),예완해(Wan-Hae Yeh),김두호(Doo-Ho Kim),윤종철(Jong-Chul Yun 한국농약과학회 2010 농약과학회지 Vol.14 No.1
Most pesticides are poorly soluble in water and must be dissolved in a solvent carrier before being added to the test medium on aquatic toxicity test. The concentration of solvent is critical to the success of a test. This study were conducted to recommend possible organic solvents which have good solubility for pesticides and low toxicity to Korean native water flea to establish new standard toxicity test methods using Korean native water flea for ecological risk assessment of pesticide. Four Korean freshwater cladocerans, Daphnia obtusa, Daphnia sp., Moina macrocopa and Simocephalus vetulus were exposed to 10 different organic solvents during 48 hours to evaluate their toxic response to solvents. Ethyl acetate was the most toxic to cladocerans tested. Although ethyl ether was the least toxic to cladocerans tested, it may not adequate as possible solvent in aquatic toxicity test due to high volatility and low water solubility. In conclusion, acetone, methanol, ethanol and acetonitrile which has low toxicity as well as good water solubility are recommended as optimal organic solvent to use in aquatic toxicity tests with Korean native cladocerans tested.
실내사육조건에서 한국산 물벼룩 종간 life cycle 비교
김병석(Byung-Seok Kim),박연기(Yoen-Ki Park),박경훈(Kyung-Hun Park),신진섭(Jin-Sup Shin),김진화(Jin-Hwa Kim),윤성명(Seong Myeong Yoon),안용준(Young-Joon Ahn) 한국농약과학회 2006 농약과학회지 Vol.10 No.3
In this study we investigated fecundity and survivorship of four staple Korean freshwater cladocerans for their whole life to develop a new standard method used for ecological risk assessment of pesticide. The tested Korean freshwater cladocerans were Daphnia obtusa, Daphnia sp., Moina macrocopa and Simocephalus vetulus. In addition, standard test species, Daphnia magna, endorsed formally by the major international organizations was tested together in order to compare with the reproductive characteristics of Korean cladocerans. A total of 358 young was produced by D. magna, whereas, 297 young was produced by Daphnia sp. throughout the entire life. The average life span of Daphnia magna was 50 days much longer than any other Korean species. Nevertheless all of the Korean water flea tested showed good fecundity, produced over 60 young for 21 days as the validation criterion for reproduction toxicity test in Ecological Effects Test Guidelines published by USEPA. Especially Moina macrocopa produced their first brood in 4 days. Therefore 10 day reproduction test with Moina macrocopa may be an alternative good method to save cost and time to elucidating the effects of hazardous substances on the reproduction of aquatic invertebrates.
단기번식독성시험법을 이용한 제초제 Alachlor의 송사리 내분비계 영향 조사
이제봉(Je-Bong Lee),박연기(Yoen-Ki Park),최영웅(Young-Woong Choi),김병석(Byung-Seok Kim),권혜영(Hyeyoung Kwon),진용덕(Yong-Duk Jin),임건재(Geon-Jae Im),강규영(Kyu-Young Kang) 한국농약과학회 2012 농약과학회지 Vol.16 No.2
Acute toxicity, water resolvability and short term reproduction test on Japanese medaka (Oriyzias latipes) for evaluating alachlor susceptibility to endocrine system were studied. Alachlor is known for suspected endocrine distruptors. As the results of tests, LC<SUB>50</SUB> (Median lethal concentration) was determined as 2.36 (1.994~2.805) mg/L, and test water replaced at 7 day intervals as its water resolvability was less than 20% in 7 days. The short term reproduction tests on Japanese medaka (Oriyzias latipes) were performed with a solvent control group, a treated group (alachlor concentrations of 0.02, 0.04, 0.11, 0.27, 0.68 ppm) and a positive control group (17 β estradiol, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 ppb). The number of spawning and embryo rates were declined in a alachlor-dose dependent manner, and the number of unfertilized eggs rates were in contrast increased depending on the concentrations. Further study should be needed to confirm whether the adverse effects may be effected by the concentrations. Additionally, alachlor was evaluated as a non-vitellogenin by the result of a test of significance of the vitellogenin content test for determination of the effect of estrogen among the endocrine disruptors.
표준생태독성시험법 개발을 위한 한국산 물벼룩의 최적사육온도 구명
김병석(Byung-Seok Kim),박연기(Yoen-Ki Park),박경훈(Kyung-Hun Park),신진섭(Jin-Sup Shin),김진화(Jin-Hwa Kim),안용준(Young-Joon Ahn) 한국농약과학회 2005 농약과학회지 Vol.9 No.3
Temperature is an important ambient factor affecting the physiology and metabolism of aquatic invertebrates. In this study, we studied about the survival, reproduction and growth effects of 4 different temperatures(16, 20, 24, 28℃) in four Korean cladoceran, Daphnia sp., Daphnia obtusa, Moina macrocopa, Simocephalus vetulus and Daphnia magna. as an international standard species. All 5 water flea tested showed that molting time, fecundity and intrinsic rate of natural increase(r) in high temperature condition were higher than those in lower temperature. On the other hand, lower survivals and longer time to start of offspring were showed in high temperature. Our results suggest that the optimal temperatures of Daphnia sp., Moina macrocopa, and Simocephalus vetulus seem to be about 20℃ except for Daphnia obtusa which as showed good survivals and reproductions in 16℃.
김병석(Byung-Seok Kim),박연기(Yoen-Ki Park),신진섭(Jin-Sup Shin),김진화(Jin-Hwa Kim),안용준(Young-Joon Ahn) 한국농약과학회 2004 농약과학회지 Vol.8 No.2
The influence of different feeding rates of three green algae on growth and reproduction in four Korean c1adocera, Daphnia sp., Daphnia obtusa, Moina macrocopa, and Simocephalus vetulus was investigated. The growth and reproduction rates of Daphnia sp. fed Chlorella vulgaris cells were significantly increased than those of daphnid fed Senedesmus subspicatus and Selenastrum carpricornutum. The total offsprings of Daphnia sp. fed 25×10⁴ and 50×10⁴ cells Chlorella vulgaris for 21days were 124±2.8 and 168±22.1, respectively. The Daphnia obtusa fed 25×10⁴ and 50×10⁴ cells Selenastrum carpricornutum was shown good reproduction rates, 72.2±7.9 and 79.6±22.9, respectively. The Moina macrocopa fed 25×10⁴ and 50×10⁴ cells Senedesmus subspicatus as well as Simocephalus vetulus fed 25×10⁴ and 50×10⁴ cells Chlorella vulgaris were shown good reproduction rates. All of algae tested were sufficient as a good diet for Korean Cladocerans in this study. However, the preferred alga was Chlorella vulgaris and the optimal feeding concentrations were 2.5×10?~5×10? cells/㎖, because the alga was shown most stable and generally high production rates in all cladocerans tested.
표준생태독성시험법 개발을 위한 한국산 물벼룩의 최적 사육수 선발
김병석(Byung-Seok Kim),박연기(Yoen-Ki Park),박경훈(Kyung-Hun Park),김진경(Jin-Kyung Kim),신진섭(Jin-Sup Shin),김진화(Jin-Hwa Kim),윤성명(Seong Myeong Yoon),안용준(Young-Joon Ahn) 한국농약과학회 2006 농약과학회지 Vol.10 No.3
The purpose of the current study was to develop a standard method to assess the ecological effect of pesticides using the representative Korean freshwater cladocerans. The indigenous cladocerans, Daphnia obtusa, Daphnia sp., Moina macrocopa, Simocephalus vetulus and Daphnia magna formally endorsed by the major international organizations were tested to select optimal culture media in laboratory condition. All of the Korean water flea tested showed good growth and fecundity in the moderately hard water (CaCO₃ ranged 80 to 100 ㎎ L?¹) and soft water (CaCO₃ ranged 40 to 48 ㎎ L?¹). However, considering that the total hardness of fresh water collected from 5 rivers ranged from 60.2 to 127.2 ㎎ L?¹ (CaCO₃) and Ca deficiency could be a major determinant of species success and community structure among crustacean zooplankton, the present study suggests that the optimal water hardness for growing Daphnia sp., Daphnia obtusa, Moina macrocopa and Simocephalus vetulus is 80~100 ㎎ L?¹ of CaCO₃.