호주인의 한국어 유음/ㄹ/습득

박시균 서울대학교 언어연구회 1997 언어연구 Vol.15 No.-

베트남인 학습자의 한국어 폐찰음 발음에대한 청취・음향음성학적 연구

박시균,김지영 국어문학회 2019 국어문학 Vol.72 No.-

The purpose of this study is to clarify the error patterns andacoustical characteristics of Vietnamese learners’ production of Koreanaffricates. For this purpose, the Vietnamese learners were divided intothree groups (beginners, intermediate, and advanced) according to theirL2 (Korean) experiences, and the patterns of their pronunciations ofKorean affricate sounds in word-initial and word-medial positions wereexamined through listening judgment by Korean listners and acousticanalysis was also conducted for the identical tokens. The result of the listening judgment showed that Vietnamese learnerswere most accurate with the production of lenis sound ‘ㅈ’ in word-initialand word-medial positions. In terms of the improvement of pronunciationin relation to the learning experience, it was found that word-initial lenis‘ㅈ’, and word-medial lenis ‘ㅈ’ and aspirated ‘ㅊ’ were improved, and thatword-medial fortis ‘ㅉ’ was in the middle of improvement. Overall, itseemed that more clues of improvement were provided in theword-medial than in the word-initial position. In terms of the overall error pattern, the accurate tokens ofVietnamese subjects judged by Korean listeners reached almost the samelevel as the tokens produced by Koreans in all lenis, fortis, and aspiratedsounds. In the case of the inaccurate tokens of Vietnamese subjectsjudged by Korean listeners, the fortis ‘ㅉ’ and the aspirated ‘ㅊ’ in word-initial position differed in the length of the CF-VOT and the fortis‘ㅉ’ and the aspirated ‘ㅊ’ in word-medial position differed in the lengthsof the precedent vowel, the CF-VOT, and the closure duration. 본 연구는 베트남인 한국어 학습자들이 산출한 폐찰음을 대상으로 발음의 오류 양상과 음향적 특성을 밝히는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를위하여 베트남인 학습자들을 학습 경험에 따라 나누어 어두와 어중 초성 환경에서의 한국어 폐찰음 발음 오류의 양상을 청취 판단을 통해 살펴보고 음향 분석도 실시하였다. 청취판단 결과, 어두와 어중 환경에서 베트남인 학습자들은 평음의 발음을 가장 잘하는 것으로 나타났다. 학습경험에 따른 발음의 향상 측면에서 보면 어두에서는 평음, 어중에서는 평음과 기식음이 향상된 양상을 보였고 경음에서도 향상되는 과정에 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 종합적으로 보면 어두보다는 어중에서 향상의 단서들이 더 많이 제공되는것으로 보인다. 전체 오류 양상의 측면에서 보면 한국인이 정확한 산출이라고 판단한 베트남 피험자들의 토큰의 경우에는 평음, 경음, 기식음 모두에서 한국인이 산출한 토큰과 거의 동일한 수준으로 산출하는 수준에 이르렀고한국인이 부정확한 산출이라고 판단한 베트남 피험자들의 토큰의 경우, 경음과 기식음은 어두에서는 CF-VOT, 어중에서는 선행모음의 길이, CF-VOT의 길이, 폐쇄구간의 길이에서 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다

결혼이주여성의 정부지원 한국어교육사업 현황 및 만족도 조사 -전라북도 3개 도시(전주·익산·군산)와 광주광역시를 중심으로-

박시균,최은하 한중인문학회 2012 한중인문학연구 Vol.37 No.-

본 논문은 크게 두 부분으로 나누어져 있다. 정부지원 한국어 교육 사업의 실태를 조사하는 부분과 정부지원 사업에서의 한국어 교육의 비중과 만족도를 조사하는 부분이다. 광주, 전주, 익산, 군산 지역의 다문화가족 지원센터에서 한국어 집합교육과 방문교육이 실제로 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지 실태를 파악해 보고 정부지원사업으로서의 한국어 교육에 대한 결혼이주여성들의 만족도 및 한국어교육이 정부지원사업에서 차지하는 비중을 설문을 통해 알아본다. 이들 실태파악과 설문조사 분석을 통해 한국어 교육이 어떻게 나아가야 할 것인지 대안을 모색해 본다. This paper investigates the Korean language teaching policies and events of Korean government by comparing the curriculum and detailed teaching contents of ‘Institutes of Assistance of Multicultural Families’ in four cities, Gwangju, Jeonju, Iksan and Gunsan. This procedure reveals the detailed differences and similarities of the four institutes in terms of Korean teaching for marriage-migrated women. The second part of this paper consists of the satisfaction surveys of marriage-migrated women in association with the Korean language teaching, their Korean abilities in four main areas (reading, writing, speaking and listening) and their recognition of the policies of Korean government for them. The outcome of the surveys shows us their inner mind in terms of their Korean abilities and the policies of Korean government for their welfares. We can elicit the improved points of Korean teaching for them based upon the investigation of the four cities’ institutes and the analysis of the outcome of the survey.

중국어 /e/ 모음, 단순모음인가 이중모음인가?

박시균,김지영 국제언어인문학회 2018 인문언어 Vol.20 No.1

This paper throws a question whether Chinese vowel /e/[] is a monophthong or a diphthong. It is generally accepted amongst phoneticians that Chinese vowel /e/ is pronounced as a diphthong [ə] in everyday life. However, Chinese and Taiwanese Ministries of Education regulate and many Chinese scholars claim that this vowel is a monophthong. To examine why this kind of confusion has arisen, we carried out a production test of this Chinese vowel against Chinese and Taiwanese female subjects and a perception test of the identical vowel with Korean females who can speak Chinese, Chinese and Taiwanese female subjects. The results of the production test showed that there was a discrepancy of the independent /e/ productions between Chinese and Taiwanese subjects. This is because Chinese subjects showed [ə] or [] productions while Taiwanese subjects produced only []. This outcome seemed to reveal that Chinese speakers have two versions of /e/ pronunciation while Taiwanese speakers possess only one version of /e/ pronunciation, []. The outcome of the perception test showed more evidence of the different pronunciations of /e/ between Chinese and Taiwanese subjects. While Taiwanese and Korean subjects clearly distinguished the difference between the monophthong [] and the diphthong [ə], Chinese subjects could not pick up the characteristic of the diphthong [ə] and they perceived it as []. It can be claimed that Chinese people treat /e/ as a monophthong in phonemic level while they produce this vowel as [ə] or [] in phonetic level.

중국어 /o/ 모음에 대한 고찰

박시균,김지영 국제언어인문학회 2017 인문언어 Vol.19 No.2

This paper throws a question whether Chinese vowel /o/[o] is a monophthong or a diphthong. It is generally accepted amongst phoneticians that Chinese vowel /o/ is pronounced as a diphthong [uo] in everyday life. However, Chinese and Taiwanese Ministries of Education regulate and many Chinese scholars claim that this vowel is a monophthong. To examine why this kind of confusion has arisen, we carried out a production test of this Chinese vowel against Chinese and Taiwanese female subjects and a perception test of the identical vowel with Korean females who can speak Chinese, Chinese and Taiwanese female subjects. The results of the production test showed that there was a discrepancy of the independent /o/ productions between Chinese and Taiwanese subjects. This is because Chinese subjects showed [o] or [uo] productions while Taiwanese subjects produced only [o]. This outcome seemed to reveal that Chinese speakers have two versions of /o/ pronunciation while Taiwanese speakers possess only one version of /o/ pronunciation, [o]. The outcome of the perception test showed more evidence of the different pronunciations of /o/ between Chinese and Taiwanese subjects. While Taiwanese and Korean subjects clearly distinguished the difference between the monophthong [o] and the diphthong [uo], Chinese subjects could not pick up the characteristic of the diphthong [uo] and they perceived it as [o]. It can be claimed that Chinese people treat /o/ as a monophthong in phonemic level while they produce this vowel as [o] or [uo] in phonetic level.

한국어와 베트남어 단순모음의 유사성 분석을 위한 연구

박시균,김지영 한국생성문법학회 2017 한국생성문법학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.1

‘다문화’ 개념에 대한 이해도 분석 및 한국어교육과의 상관관계 연구

박시균,최지은 한국언어문학회 2012 한국언어문학 Vol.83 No.-

Recenty, the terms ‘multiculturalism’, ‘multicultural society’ and ‘Multicultural families’ have been at the center of the controversy in the Korean society because some people are in favor of these terms and some against them. People against these terms even have brought forward their views of changing them. This controversy seems quite related to the awareness and preference on the substance of multiculturalism and multicultural society. In this paper we wanted to discover the thoughts and opinions of the members of the Korean society on these terms by analyzing the results of a survey in relation to these terms targeting the members of multicultural families and non-multicultural members belonging to the Korean society. The result showed that necessity of the education on ‘mutuculturalism’, ‘multicultural society’ and ‘multicultural families for non-multiculcultural members, in particular youngsters, was strongly brought forward and the rise of the percentage of the understanding on ‘mutuculturalism’, ‘multicultural society’ and ‘multicultural families of the members of Korean society as the outcome of the education would improve the relationship between the members of multicultural families and non-multicultural members. Finally the result indicated that the improved understanding of the non-multicultural members in Korean society would result in affirmative effects on the education of the Korean lanauage to the members of multicultural families.

한국어 교재 속 문장과 인권 의식 비교 - 전라북도 지역을 중심으로

박시균,오종철,최은하 원광대학교 인문학연구소 2019 열린정신 인문학연구 Vol.20 No.3

This paper aims to investigate the difference of three(Korean teachers, general people, and civil rights experts) groups’ thoughts on sexual discrimination and other discriminations(regions, classes, ages, and appearances) by means of sample sentences and pictures contained in Korean language textbooks for foreigners, and to compare and discuss these three groups’ opinions and improvement of the contents of the textbooks. We did a survey of Jeonbuk residents by means of the Google survey tool for checking sexual and other discriminations. Main subjects were 62 incumbent Korean language teachers in their 30s and 127 general people and 30 civil rights experts, also in their 30s, participated in this survey. T-test and ANOVA were used for analysis of each question and a posteriori test was Duncan for statistically significant ANOVA results. The outcome of our investigation (yes/no question sets and five-point scale sets) showed that civil rights expert group members were most sensitive on sexual and other discriminations followed by the other two groups and these two groups did not show significant differences. Our investigation results shows that present Korean language textbooks have a variety of discrimination-related points and that these points should be modified in the future revision. 이 연구는 외국인이 배우는 한국어 교재에서의 차별의 개연성이 있는문장이나 그림을 통해서 한국어 교사와 일반인, 인권 전문가들의 성차별을 비롯한 다양한 차별(지역, 계급, 나이, 외모 등)에 대한 인식의 정도를 조사하고 그룹 간 비교를 통하여 교재에서의 관련된 내용을 재고하는 데필요한 자료를 구축하려는 목적이 있다. 전북지역에 거주하는 피험자를대상으로 성차별과 기타차별로 나누어 구글 설문조사를 실시하였다. 피험자는 현직 한국어 교사(62명)와 비슷한 연령대의 일반인(127명)과 인권전문가(30명)이다. 문항별 분석에 사용된 프로그램은 빈도분석, t-검정, 분산분석이며 유의미한 결과의 사후검증은 DUNCAN으로 진행하였다. 설문조사는 실험예문이나 그림을 보고 불편함을 묻는 질문에 대한 ‘예, 아니요’ 응답 세트와 각 문항에 대한 불편함의 정도(척도조사) 응답 세트로 진행되었는데 분석결과 성차별과 기타 차별 문항에서 차별이라고 인식하는정도는 인권 전문가가 가장 높았고 한국어 교사와 일반인은 그 보다는 낮았는데 두 그룹은 비슷한 수치를 보였다. 본 연구는 한국어 교재에 아직도 잔존하고 있는 다양한 차별문형을 피험자들이 인식하고 있으며 이는향후 한국어 교재 집필이나 개정 시에 차별이 담긴 문형에 대해 좀 더 주의를 기울여 개정해야 함을 제시하고 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Radioautography에 依한 細胞環 硏究에 있어서 Cincadian Rhythm의 影響에 關하여

朴是均,朱剛 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1971 慶北醫大誌 Vol.12 No.1

In recent years knowledge about kinetics of various cell systems was considerably increased by application of the autoradiographic method, especially through the use of ^3H-thymidine as a label of cells in DNA synthesis. Cell cycle times of intermitotic cells have been estimated for a variety of animal and some human tissues. In such kinetic studies, the individual variations of single cells being lost in the mean value. During cell cycle study in our laboratory, however, significant variations have been concerned with 24 hour cycles, but the difference of their cycle times have not yet been cleared up for intact tissues in the mammalians. The purpose of the present investigation was firstly to find out if there are a diurnal variations in the number of DNA-synthesizing cells, such as hepatic cells, cardiac muscle cell and cryptal cells of small intestine. Secondary to see if there are any correlation between the proliferation rate of the different cell population and the diurnal variations. Several results were obtained as followings; 1. In the liver cells of 17th day of gestation, and 20 day postnatal mice showed significant circadian rhythm, which was distinguished in G_2 phase and ascending slopes of 2nd cell cycle, and not in S phase. 2. In the cryptal cell population of small intestine, no influence of circadian rhythm was recognized at any experimental groups. 3. The cardiac muscle cell population in both 17th day of gestation and 20th day postnatal mouse showed circadian variations significantly which were prolonged S phase, and total generation times. It can be concluded that only those cell population which proliferate at a slow speed and which have a low DNA synthetic index (below 10%) should be considered circadian rhythm in the autoradiographic studies.

甚한 小腸出血을 同伴한 子宮外 惡性脈絡膜上皮腫 : 症 例 報 告 Report of a Case without Demonstrable Primary Trophoblastic Malignancy in the Uterus

朴是均,南周鉉,崔亨達,李泰淑,朴春鶴 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1971 慶北醫大誌 Vol.12 No.1

The majority of choriocarcinomas are known to arise from the embryonic chorion. Choriocarcinoma may follow or coexist with a hydatidiform mole, normal or abnormal pregnancy, or abortion. The primary lesion is, therefore, usually harbored in the uterus. Teratomatous choriocarcinoma, on the other hand, is generally located in the gonads or, rarely, in other sites of the body. Since primary location of the nonteratomatous choriocarcinoma is usually in the genital organs, when the lesion in found at other sites it is considered to be an ectopic lesion. Several reports of ectopic choriocarcinomas without evidence of trophophoblastic tumors in genital organs have appeared in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to report a case with ectopic choriocarcinoma in the small intestine. The patient had complained massive intestinal hemorrhage. The primary trophoblastic tumors were not found in the uterus.