호주인의 한국어 유음/ㄹ/습득

박시균 서울대학교 언어연구회 1997 언어연구 Vol.15 No.-

甚한 小腸出血을 同伴한 子宮外 惡性脈絡膜上皮腫 : 症 例 報 告 Report of a Case without Demonstrable Primary Trophoblastic Malignancy in the Uterus

朴是均,南周鉉,崔亨達,李泰淑,朴春鶴 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1971 慶北醫大誌 Vol.12 No.1

The majority of choriocarcinomas are known to arise from the embryonic chorion. Choriocarcinoma may follow or coexist with a hydatidiform mole, normal or abnormal pregnancy, or abortion. The primary lesion is, therefore, usually harbored in the uterus. Teratomatous choriocarcinoma, on the other hand, is generally located in the gonads or, rarely, in other sites of the body. Since primary location of the nonteratomatous choriocarcinoma is usually in the genital organs, when the lesion in found at other sites it is considered to be an ectopic lesion. Several reports of ectopic choriocarcinomas without evidence of trophophoblastic tumors in genital organs have appeared in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to report a case with ectopic choriocarcinoma in the small intestine. The patient had complained massive intestinal hemorrhage. The primary trophoblastic tumors were not found in the uterus.

核分離計數에 依한 Testosterone의 鷄胎器官成長에 미치는 效果에 關한 硏究

朴是均,崔亨達,鄭雲杓 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1971 慶北醫大誌 Vol.12 No.1

The author injected each 0.5㎎ and 7.5㎎ of testosterone propionate to each subdivided group of 8th day and 12th day incubated chick embryo to know the effect of the testosterone on growth of the early chick embryo especially the parenchymatous organs such as brain, kidney and liver by counting the isolated nuclei from cells of these organs and the results were obtained as followings. 1) In general, the embryo group injected at 8th day of incubation were noted a growth suppression in comparison with the embryo group injected at 12th day of incubation. 2) Both in brain and kidney, the embryo group injected at 8th day of incubation revealed a low nuclear density per unit volume of the organs in comparison with the embryo group injected at 12th day of incubation.(by statistical analysis, p<0.01) 3) In general, in the embryo group injected at 8th day of incubation the embryo group injected 7.5㎎ of the testosterone had a low nuclear density per unit volume of the organs in comparison with the embryo group injected 0.5㎎ of the testosterone and in the embryo group injected at 12th day of incubation, reverse phenomenon was noted. 4) Both in brain and kidney, the embryo group injected at 8th day of incubation revealed a growth suppression in comparison with the embryo group injected at 12th day of incubation.(by statistical analysis, p<0.01) 5) Though three parenchymatous organs had not a marked change in number of cell uncleiper organs to the change of an amount of injection of the testostorone, in the embryo group injected at 8th day of incubation, the embryo group injected 7.5㎎ of the testosterone revealed a growth suppression in comparison with the embryo group injected 0.5㎎ of the testosterone and in the embryo group injected at 12th day of incubation, reverse phenomenon was noted.

한국어와 베트남어 단순모음의 유사성 설정과 분석을 위한 인지실험 연구

박시균,김지영 한국언어학회 2017 언어 Vol.42 No.4

Park, See-Gyoon & Kim, Ji-Young. 2017. A Study on the Analysis of the L1-L2 Similarity between Korean and Vietnamese Monophthongs. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 42-4, 691-716. Flege(1995, 1996) claimed in his Speech Learning Model(SLM) that there are three kinds of L2 sounds when L2 learners acquire them. Firstly, ‘identical’ sounds compared to L1 corresponding sounds are easy to perceive and produce because L2 learners could apply their L1 sounds to the L2 sounds. Secondly, ‘similar’ sounds will give the difficulties to L2 learners to acquire them because they will use their L1 sounds for the corresponding L2 sounds for a considerable time. Thirdly, ‘new’ sounds to L2 learners will give the early difficulties to them but they will acquire these sounds in the long run. He used IPA symbols and statistical outcome based upon acoustic analysis as the determining factors of similarity of L2 sounds. Although Kwon(2007, 2009) and Yoon(2010) made some improvement with the factors, there have remained some weak points with the factors. To solve the incompleteness of the existing factors we added two more factors. The first one was a similarity test where Vietnamese subjects who had no experience of the Korean language, after listening to Korean vowels, were asked to choose the closest Vietnamese vowels and check the similarity score with 9-point rating scale. The second one was giving the different weight to respective factors. We carried out perception tests of Korean monophthongs against three Vietnamese learning groups of Korean(Beginning, Intermediate, Advanced) to examine our new factors were working. The outcome of the experiment revealed that our new factors were more effective than the existing ones to make more accurate prediction. (Kunsan National University)

중국인 학습자의 한국어 폐쇄음 인지 양상 연구

박시균,김지영 한국언어학회 2018 언어 Vol.43 No.4

See-Gyoon Park & Ji-Young Kim. 2018. A Study on the Perception of Korean Stops by Chinese Learners of Korean. Korean Journal of Linguistics. 43-4, 721-736. This paper aimed at observing Chinese learning groups (beginning and advanced)’ perceptual aspects of Korean stops in word initial and word medial positions. In Perception Test I, Chinese subjects, who did not have any experience of learning Korean, mapped Korean stops onto corresponding Chinese consonants. We made the prediction of perceptual difficulties of Chinese learners on Korean stops based upon Best’s Perceptual Assimilation Model(PAM). Perception Test II showed perception results of Chinese learners on Korean stop sounds. The analysis of the results of Perception Test II confirmed that the prediction based upon PAM was generally accurate at the positions of word initial and word medial. In word initial position, the beginning group faced difficulties in differentiating lax and aspirated stops while the advanced group showed lower error rate with aspirated ones but even higher error rate with lax ones than those of the beginning group. The beginning group, in word medial position, were in trouble in secerning lax and tense stops while the advanced group showed lower error rate with tense ones but a lot higher error rate with lax ones than those of the beginning group. This result seems to reveal that Korean lax stops are difficult to perceive accurately to Chinese learners irrelevant to their learning experiences of Korean. (Kunsan National University)

다문화가정 자녀 국어/한국어교육 및 학교 교육환경에 대한 각급 학교 교사의 인식 비교 연구

박시균,최지은 한중인문학회 2014 한중인문학연구 Vol.45 No.-

본 논문에서는 다문화가정 자녀에 대한 교사들의 일반적인 인식을 바탕으로 각 급 학교별로 다문화가정 자녀가 소속되어 있는 학교의 교사들에게 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 설문 조사의 내용은 다문화가정 자녀에 대한 국어/한국어교육과 관련된 사항 및 다문화가정 자녀를 둘러싼 교육환경과 관련된 내용이었다. 설문 조사 결과는 각 급 학교별로 교사들의 다문화가정 자녀에 대한 인식에서 차이가 있음을 보여주고 있었다. 이들의 학교 적응과 관련한 사항을 보면 어린이집, 유치원에서는 다문화가정 자녀들이 큰 문제없이 적응하고 있으나 초등학교에서는 사춘기의 도래와 함께 자신의정체성에 대해 혼란이 오고 중․고등학교에 가서는 다시 안정을 찾는 것으로 나타났다. 한국어와 관련해서는 이들이 나이가 들수록 한국어(생활 한국어)에 문제가 있는 학생의 수는 줄어들었으나 여전히 일부는 한국어 문제(학습 한국어)를 극복하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. The authors conducted a survey against teachers in kindergartens,elementary schools, middle schools and high schools for getting their thoughtsupon the students with multicultural family background in relation to Koreaneducation, their parents, teaching contents and school environments. The results of the survey showed the discrepancy of the teachers’ recognitionon the students with multicultural family background based upon their schools’educational level. The students did not have any serious problems inkindergartens but they faced some confusion in terms of their self-identity withtheir coming puberty period in elementary schools. However, they becamestable in high schools. Their Korean problems were decreased in number withtheir entering schools of higher grade, in particular with their ‘living Korean’,but some still had Korean problems with their ‘academic Korean.’

/ㄴ/-/ㄹ/가 연이어 오는 환경에서의 유음화-비음화에 대한 실증적 연구 -전북 지역 화자를 중심으로-

박시균 한국언어학회 2019 언어 Vol.44 No.3

This paper aimed at finding out lateralization and nasalization patterns of successive /n/ and /l/ consonants in /n/-/l/ containing Korean words and sentences from the north Jeolla dialect speaking subjects. In Korean phonology and school grammar, it is claimed that lateralization in this phonological position should happen since lateral /l/ is stronger than nasal /n/ based upon ‘Sonority Hierarchy.’ An experiment was designed to verify whether this assertion was realized by the subjects. The number of subjects was 113(male: 51, female: 63). Words and sentences used in the experiment were 71 and 35 respectively. They read each word and sentence twice with the method of reading through word and sentence lists second time, after reading through whole word and sentence list. The results of the experiment showed several important points. Firstly, /nn/ was pronounced more than /ll/ unlike the original assertion, in particular from the groups of ‘age 30s or higher.’ Secondly, newly arisen /nl/ sounds were pronounced by ‘age 20s or under’ groups. Thirdly, /nn/ was pronounced more in word list than in sentence list. It seemed that /nn/ was cautious pronunciation compared with /ll/ since reading words would elicit more consciousness for target sounds than reading sentences. Fourthly, female subjects preferred /ll/ or /nn/ while male subjects showed relatively high percentage of /nl/ as the third pronunciation option. Finally, constancy rate of /n-l/ pronunciation in word level was high for ‘age 30s or higher’ groups. However, /n-l/ constancy rate in sentence level were dropped down in all age groups.

학습자의 모국어 및 모국문화를 활용한 한국어 수업의 유용성에 대한 연구 - 초급 여성 결혼이민자를 중심으로 -

박시균,이수진 한중인문학회 2014 한중인문학연구 Vol.43 No.-

성인학습자의 모국어는 제2언어를 학습할 때 부정적인 영향을 끼치기도 하지만 긍정적인 효과를 주는 경우도 있다. 본 논문에서는 초급 과정의 여성 결혼이민자를 대상으로 제2언어인 한국어를 학습 시 학습자 모국어가 긍정적인 효과가 있는지를 비교 실험을 통해 확인하였다. 학습자의 모국어와 모국 문화를 수업에 활용한 집단과 기존의 한국어와 한국 문화 위주의 수업 방식으로 수업을 진행한 집단을 비교 실험한 결과, 학습자들에게 그들의 모국어와 모국문화를 활용한 수업을 진행한 집단에서 한국어 학습효과가 증진되고 문화적응 스트레스는 감소되는 효과가 있었다. 즉 초급 과정의 성인학습자의 경우 한국어 수업 시에 그들의 모국어와 모국문화를 적절하게 활용했을 때 학습자의 모호성에 대한 관용도에 긍정적인 효과를 주고 문화적응 스트레스도 약화시키는 결과를 가져왔다. While L2 learners’ native language may cause the negative effect in their L2 learning, it can also give the positive effect to them when learning an L2. In this paper we checked whether the L1 causes the positive effect or negative one by using two different teaching methods for novice class married women immigrant learners. In our experiment, we used two different teaching methods against each of the same level groups of married women immigrant learners of Korean. In one method we accepted the use of L2 learners’ native language and culture during the class. In the other method, only Korean was allowed as a teaching and using language in the class. The result showed that the former method for, at least, the novice level adult learners of Korean was more effective than the latter one in their L2 improvement and the alleviation of their stress levels resulting from the discrepancies of culture in Korea and their native countries. We claim that effective use of L2 learners’ native language and culture in the novice level L2(Korean) learning classes can improve their learning performance while minimizing their cultural adaptation stress and maximizing the tolerance of ambiguity.

Radioautography에 依한 細胞環 硏究에 있어서 Cincadian Rhythm의 影響에 關하여

朴是均,朱剛 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1971 慶北醫大誌 Vol.12 No.1

In recent years knowledge about kinetics of various cell systems was considerably increased by application of the autoradiographic method, especially through the use of ^3H-thymidine as a label of cells in DNA synthesis. Cell cycle times of intermitotic cells have been estimated for a variety of animal and some human tissues. In such kinetic studies, the individual variations of single cells being lost in the mean value. During cell cycle study in our laboratory, however, significant variations have been concerned with 24 hour cycles, but the difference of their cycle times have not yet been cleared up for intact tissues in the mammalians. The purpose of the present investigation was firstly to find out if there are a diurnal variations in the number of DNA-synthesizing cells, such as hepatic cells, cardiac muscle cell and cryptal cells of small intestine. Secondary to see if there are any correlation between the proliferation rate of the different cell population and the diurnal variations. Several results were obtained as followings; 1. In the liver cells of 17th day of gestation, and 20 day postnatal mice showed significant circadian rhythm, which was distinguished in G_2 phase and ascending slopes of 2nd cell cycle, and not in S phase. 2. In the cryptal cell population of small intestine, no influence of circadian rhythm was recognized at any experimental groups. 3. The cardiac muscle cell population in both 17th day of gestation and 20th day postnatal mouse showed circadian variations significantly which were prolonged S phase, and total generation times. It can be concluded that only those cell population which proliferate at a slow speed and which have a low DNA synthetic index (below 10%) should be considered circadian rhythm in the autoradiographic studies.

한국어 교재 속 문장과 인권 의식 비교 - 전라북도 지역을 중심으로

박시균,오종철,최은하 원광대학교 인문학연구소 2019 열린정신 인문학연구 Vol.20 No.3

This paper aims to investigate the difference of three(Korean teachers, general people, and civil rights experts) groups’ thoughts on sexual discrimination and other discriminations(regions, classes, ages, and appearances) by means of sample sentences and pictures contained in Korean language textbooks for foreigners, and to compare and discuss these three groups’ opinions and improvement of the contents of the textbooks. We did a survey of Jeonbuk residents by means of the Google survey tool for checking sexual and other discriminations. Main subjects were 62 incumbent Korean language teachers in their 30s and 127 general people and 30 civil rights experts, also in their 30s, participated in this survey. T-test and ANOVA were used for analysis of each question and a posteriori test was Duncan for statistically significant ANOVA results. The outcome of our investigation (yes/no question sets and five-point scale sets) showed that civil rights expert group members were most sensitive on sexual and other discriminations followed by the other two groups and these two groups did not show significant differences. Our investigation results shows that present Korean language textbooks have a variety of discrimination-related points and that these points should be modified in the future revision. 이 연구는 외국인이 배우는 한국어 교재에서의 차별의 개연성이 있는문장이나 그림을 통해서 한국어 교사와 일반인, 인권 전문가들의 성차별을 비롯한 다양한 차별(지역, 계급, 나이, 외모 등)에 대한 인식의 정도를 조사하고 그룹 간 비교를 통하여 교재에서의 관련된 내용을 재고하는 데필요한 자료를 구축하려는 목적이 있다. 전북지역에 거주하는 피험자를대상으로 성차별과 기타차별로 나누어 구글 설문조사를 실시하였다. 피험자는 현직 한국어 교사(62명)와 비슷한 연령대의 일반인(127명)과 인권전문가(30명)이다. 문항별 분석에 사용된 프로그램은 빈도분석, t-검정, 분산분석이며 유의미한 결과의 사후검증은 DUNCAN으로 진행하였다. 설문조사는 실험예문이나 그림을 보고 불편함을 묻는 질문에 대한 ‘예, 아니요’ 응답 세트와 각 문항에 대한 불편함의 정도(척도조사) 응답 세트로 진행되었는데 분석결과 성차별과 기타 차별 문항에서 차별이라고 인식하는정도는 인권 전문가가 가장 높았고 한국어 교사와 일반인은 그 보다는 낮았는데 두 그룹은 비슷한 수치를 보였다. 본 연구는 한국어 교재에 아직도 잔존하고 있는 다양한 차별문형을 피험자들이 인식하고 있으며 이는향후 한국어 교재 집필이나 개정 시에 차별이 담긴 문형에 대해 좀 더 주의를 기울여 개정해야 함을 제시하고 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다.