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집단살해죄(Genocide), 인도에 반한 죄 등에 관한 국제형사법적 고찰
박선기(PARK, SEON KI) 한국법학원 2015 저스티스 Vol.- No.146_2
이 논문의 목적은 집단살해죄, 인도에 반한 죄에 대한 국제법적 규범을 검토해 보고, 구유고 국제형사재판소, 르완다 국제형사재판소, 로마규정에 기한 국제형사재판소 등에서 실제 이와 관련된 사건을 처리하면서 발전시킨 법리들을 살펴보고 소개함으로써, 북한과 관련하여 벌어지고 있는 반인권적 사건들에 대해 향후 제기될 수 있는 각종 국제법적 문제들을 미리 대비하고, 더 나아가 보다 심도있는 논의의 바탕을 제공하는 데 있다. 특히 르완다 국제형사재판소에서 실재 재판관으로 활동하면서 접하였던 집단살해죄, 인도에 반한 죄에 대한 다양한 사례와 법리들을 제시함으로써 우리나라에서도 이 분야에 대한 보다 깊이있는 논의가 이루어질 수 있도록 하고자 한다. 집단살해죄(Genocide)란 국제형사판소 관할 범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 법률에 따르면 국민적·인종적·민족적 또는 종교적 집단 자체를 전부 또는 일부 파괴할 목적으로 그 집단의 구성원을 살해하는 행위라고 할 수 있는바, 이는 국제형사재판소 규정을 비롯한 다양한 국제 규범에 나타나 있는 개념으로서 그 가벌성은 국제적으로 확립되어 있다고 볼 수 있겠다. 특히 집단살해를 선동하는 행위도 처벌대상이 되며, 르완다에서 벌어진 종족간의 집단살해 사건에서도 선동행위인 증오연설 등이 문제가 되었고, 실제 르완다 국제형사재판소에서 이 문제가 다루어진바 있다. 인도에 반한 죄(Crimes against humanity)에 대하여도 마찬가지로 국제규범 및 국내이행입법이 그 개념과 유형을 규정하고 있다. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the international criminal law standards regarding genocides and other crimes against humanity, to proactively prepare for international criminal law complications that may stem from the current inhumane acts in North Korea by considering legislation advanced by the International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) in prosecuting actual cases of genocides and crimes against humanity, as well as the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, and to lay the groundwork for deeper discussions on the topic. In particular, by providing actual genocide and crimes against humanity cases and the various legal responses effected while presiding as judge in the ICTR, the ultimate aim is to create a forum for more profound discussion on this critical topic in South Korea. A genocide is, according to the relevant legislation from, and prosecution of such criminal cases by, the International Criminal Court (ICC), the deliberate killing to annihilate a part or all of an ethnic, racial, religious group in a country; the prevalence of legal responses from the ICC and other international criminal tribunals to such acts is a testament to the deep history of genocides. In particular, acts instigating genocides are also subject to prosecution: hate speeches and other similar acts incited tribal genocides in Rwanda, and were prosecuted in the ICTR accordingly. Crimes against humanity have also been addressed by the International Criminal Tribunals and the implementing law, attesting to the deep roots of these criminal acts.
Frequency Ratio와 Evidential Belief Function을 활용한 산사태 유발에 대한 환경지리적 민감성 분석과 검증 - 2013년 춘천 산사태를 중심으로 -
이원영 ( Lee Won Young ),성효현 ( Sung Hyo Hyun ),안세진 ( Ahn Sejin ),박선기 ( Park Seon Ki ) 한국지형학회 2020 한국지형학회지 Vol.27 No.1
The objective of this study is to characterize landslide susceptibility depending on various geo-environmental variables as well as to compare the Frequency Ratio (FR) and Evidential Belief Function (EBF) methods for landslide susceptibility analysis of rainfall-induced landslides. In 2013, a total of 259 landslides occurred in Chuncheon, Gangwon Province, South Korea, due to heavy rainfall events with a total cumulative rainfall of 296~721mm in 106~231 hours duration. Landslides data were mapped with better accuracy using the geographic information system (ArcGIS 10.6 version) based on the historic landslide records in Chuncheon from the National Disaster Management System (NDMS), the 2013 landslide investigation report, orthographic images, and aerial photographs. Then the landslides were randomly split into a testing dataset (70%; 181 landslides) and validation dataset (30%; 78 landslides). First, geo-environmental variables were analyzed by using FR and EBF functions for the full data. The most significant factors related to landslides were altitude (100~200m), slope (15~25°), concave plan curvature, high SPI, young timber age, loose timber density, small timber diameter, artificial forests, coniferous forests, soil depth (50~100cm), very well-drained area, sandy loam soil and so on. Second, the landslide susceptibility index was calculated by using selected geo-environmental variables. The model fit and prediction performance were evaluated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the Area Under Curve (AUC) methods. The AUC values of both model fit and prediction performance were 80.5% and 76.3% for FR and 76.6% and 74.9% for EBF respectively. However, the landslide susceptibility index, with classes of ‘very high’ and ‘high’, was detected by 73.1% of landslides in the EBF model rather than the FR model (66.7%). Therefore, the EBF can be a promising method for spatial prediction of landslide occurrence, while the FR is still a powerful method for the landslide susceptibility mapping.