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박상익 한국밀턴학회 1999 중세근세영문학 Vol.9 No.2
In the course of his life, Milton experienced three major crises that posed a severe threat to his vision on himself. The first was a consequence of his hasty marriage to Mary Powell. The second was the calamity of his blindness which struck him in 1652. The third was the inglorious end of the English revolution and return of kingship in 1660. The purpose of this paper is to explore the context of Milton's blindness. Until he completely lost his sight, Milton appears to have suffered throughout his life from some kind of visual distress. He himself blamed the trouble on youthful bookishness. However, his enemies saw it as punishment inflicted upon him by God for his evil ways. Consciousness of this unflattering interpretation probably led Milton to the several autobiographical accounts that he wrote about his blindness. In February 1652 his blindness became total, a fact he attributed to the extreme strain on his eyes caused by writing A Defence of The English People. Although they are at best only guesses, several modern diagnoses have been advanced; congenital syphilis, suprachiasmal cystic tumor, and glaucoma, of which the last seems most persuasive. An interesting feature of one type of glaucoma is that it appears to be associated with certain type of personality; one who is excitable, a perfectionist with sometimes difficult interpersonal relationships. Acute attacks of glaucoma in such individuals may be precipitated by emotional stress. It may then not be accidental that Milton's blindness in his left eye(about 1644) occurred at the same time as attacks upon him that resulted from the publication of his divorce pamphlets, and that his total blindness overcame him not long after he had written his answer in A Defence of The English People to Salmasius's A Royal Defence of Charles I.