SOS Test Kit 및 HPLC법에 의한 도축돈의 뇨, 신장 및 근육내 설파메타진 잔류량 조사

황인진 ( In Jin Hwang ),박병옥 ( Byong Ok Park ),감창수 ( Chang Soo Kim ),우기방 ( Kee Bang Woo ) 한국가축위생학회 1990 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.13 No.1

This survey was carried out to determine sulfamethazine residues in urine, kidney and muscle of slaughtered pigs. For this investigation, 20 samples for export and 30 samples for domestic market were collected at slaughterplant in Anyang city from the early of November to the end of December and comparatively were analyzed by SOS test kit and HPLC the results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Five of 50 samples of swine urine which were inspected by SOS test kit were appeared to sulfamethazine positive. 2. The sulfamethazine residue in one of 50 samples of swine muscle was exceeded 0.lppm 3. The positive samples by SOS test kit were agreed with the results of HPLC quantitative analysis

임상화학검사실에서 회수율 실험의 실증적 연구

장상우 ( Sang Wu Chang ),이상곤 ( Sang Gon Lee ),송은영 ( Eun Young Song ),박용원 ( Yong Won Park ),박병옥 ( Byong Ok Park ) 대한임상검사과학회 2006 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.38 No.3

The purpose of the recovery experiment in clinical chemistry is performed to estimate proportional systematic error. We must know all measurements have some error margin in measuring analytical performance. Proportional systematic error is the type of error whose magnitude increases as the concentration of analyte increases. This error is often caused by a substance in the sample matrix that reacts with the sought for analyte and therefore competes with the analytical reagent. Recovery experiments, therefore, are used rather selectively and do not have a high priority when another analytical method is available for comparison purposes. They may still be useful to help understand the nature of any bias revealed in the comparison of kit experiments. Recovery should be expressed as a percentage because the experimental objective is to estimate proportional systematic error, which is a percentage type of error. Good recovery is 100.0%. The difference between 100 and the observed recovery(in percent) is the proportional systematic error. We calculated the amount of analyte added by multiplying the concentration of the analyte added solution by the dilution factor(mL standard)/(mL standard + mL specimen) and took the difference between the sample with addition and the sample with dilution. When making judgments on method performance, the observed that the errors should be compared to the defined allowable error. The average recovery needs to be converted to proportional error(100%/Recovery) and then compared to an analytical quality requirement expressed in percent. The results of recovery experiments were total protein(101.4%), albumin(97.4%), total bilirubin(104%), alkaline phosphatase(89.1%), aspartate aminotransferase(102.8), alanine aminotransferase(103.2), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase(97.6%), creatine kinase(105.4%), lactate dehydrogenase(95.9%), creatinine(103.1%), blood urea nitrogen(102.9%), uric acid(106.4%), total cholesterol(108.5), triglycerides(89.6%), glucose(93%), amylase(109.8), calcium(102.8), inorganic phosphorus(106.3%). We then compared the observed error to the amount of error allowable for the test. There were no items beyond the CLIA criterion for acceptable performance.

분석측정범위의 실증적 평가

장상우 ( Sang Wu Chang ),이상곤 ( Sang Gon Lee ),김영환 ( Young Hwan Kim ),송은영 ( Eun Young Song ),박용원 ( Yong Won Park ),박병옥 ( Byong Ok Park ),류재기 ( Jae Gi Lyu ) 대한임상검사과학회 2006 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.38 No.2

The analytical measurement range (AMR) is the range of analyte values that a method can directly measure on a specimen without any dilution, concentration, or other pretreatment not part of the usual assay process. The linearity of the AMR is its ability to obtain test results which are directly proportional to the concentration of analyte in the sample from the upper and lower limit of the AMR. The AMR validation is the process of confirming that the assay system will correctly recover the concentration or activity of the analyte over the AMR. The test specimen must have analyte values which, at a minimum, are near the low, midpoint, and high values of the AMR. The AMR must be revalidated at least every six months, at changes in major system components, and when a complete change in reagents for a procesure is introduced; unless the laboratory can demonstrate that changing the reagent lot number does not affect the range used to report patient test results. The AMR linearity was total protein (0-16.6), albumin (0-8.1), total bilirubin (0-18.1), alkaline phosphatase (0-1244.3), aspartate aminotransferase (0-1527.9), alanine aminotransferase (0-1107.9), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (0-1527.7), creatine kinase (0-1666.6), lactate dehydrogenase (0-1342), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.3-154.3), sodium (35.4-309), creatinine (0-19.2), blood urea nitrogen (0.5-206.2), uric acid (0-23.9), total cholesterol (-0.3-510), triglycerides (0.7-539.6), glucose (0-672.7), amylase (0-1595.3), calcium (0-23.9), inorganic phosphorus (0.03-17.0), potassium (0.1-116.5), chloride (3.3-278.7). We are sure that materials for the AMR affect the evaluation of the upper limit of the AMR in the process system.

6 시그마와 총 오차 허용범위의 개발에 대한 연구

장상우 ( Sang Wu Chang ),김남용 ( Nam Yong Kim ),최호성 ( Ho Sung Choi ),김영환 ( Yong Whan Kim ),추경복 ( Kyung Bok Chu ),정혜진 ( Hae Jin Jung ),박병옥 ( Byong Ok Park ) 대한임상검사과학회 2005 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.37 No.2

Those specifications of the CLIA analytical tolerance limits are consistent with the performance goals in Six Sigma Quality Management. Six sigma analysis determines performance quality from bias and precision statistics. It also shows if the method meets the criteria for the six sigma performance. Performance standards calculates allowable total error from several different criteria. Six sigma means six standard deviations from the target value or mean value and about 3.4 failures per million opportunities for failure. Sigma Quality Level is an indicator of process centering and process variation total error allowable. Tolerance specification is replaced by a Total Error specification, which is a common form of a quality specification for a laboratory test. The CLIA criteria for acceptable performance in proficiency testing events are given in the form of an allowable total error, TEa. Thus there is a published list of TEa specifications for regulated analytes. In terms of TEa, Six Sigma Quality Management sets a precision goal of TEa/6 and an accuracy goal of 1.5 (TEa/6). This concept is based on the proficiency testing specification of target value +/-3s, TEa from reference intervals, biological variation, and peer group median mean surveys. We have found rules to calculate as a fraction of a reference interval and peer group median mean surveys. We studied to develop total error allowable from peer group survey results and CLIA 88 rules in US on 19 items TP, ALB, T.B, ALP, AST, ALT, CL, LD, K, Na, CRE, BUN, T.C, GLU, GGT, CA, phosphorus, UA, TG tests in chematology were follows. Sigma level versus TEa from peer group median mean CV of each item by group mean were assessed by process performance, fitting within six sigma tolerance limits were TP (6.1δ/9.3%), ALB (6.9δ /11.3%), T.B (3.4δ/25.6%), ALP (6.8δ/31.5%), AST (4.5δ/16.8%), ALT (1.6δ/19.3%), CL (4.6δ/8.4%), LD (11.5δ/20.07%), K (2.5δ/0.39mmol/L), Na (3.6δ/6.87mmol/L), CRE (9.9δ/21.8%), BUN (4.3δ/13.3%), UA (5.9δ/11.5%), T.C (2.2δ/10.7%), GLU (4.8δ/10.2%), GGT (7.5δ/27.3%), CA (5.5δ/0.87mmol/L), IP (8.5δ /13.17%), TG (9.6δ/17.7%). Peer group survey median CV in Korean External Assessment greater than CLIA criteria were CL (8.45%/5%), BUN (13.3%/9%), CRE (21.8%/15%), T.B (25.6%/20%), and Na (6.87mmol/L/4mmol/L). Peer group survey median CV less than it were as TP (9.3%/10%), AST (16.8%/20%), ALT (19.3%/20%), K (0.39mmol/L/0.5mmol/L), UA (11.5%/17%), Ca (0.87mg/dL1mg/L), TG (17.7%/25%). TEa in 17 items were same one in 14 items with 82.35%. We found out the truth on increasing sigma level due to increased total error allowable, and were sure that the goal of setting total error allowable would affect the evaluation of sigma metrics in the process, if sustaining the same process.

固體鐵-熔隔 알루미늄의 反應

朴炳玉,白承浩,鄭炳琥 울산과학대학 1980 연구논문집 Vol.5 No.1

固體鐵과 熔融Al間의 金屬間化物層에 對한 形成 速度와 活性化 energy는 680℃∼760℃에서 侵積 時間에 따른 連續 Al鍍金 實驗에 依해서 結定 되었으며 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. 1) Al附着量은 Al-bath의 溫度가 높을수록 增加하였으며 侵積 時間이 4min일 때 最大였다. 2) 各各의 純 Al-bath에서 實驗한 鍍金層의 成長으로부터 計算된 活性化 enegy는 mole當 29㎉이였다. 3) 合金層의 形成 機構도 檢討 하였다. The rates and the activation energy of formation for the intermetallic compound layers between solid iron and molten aluminium have been determined by continuous alumizing method in the range of temperature from 680℃ to 760℃ varying time. It was shown that the thickness of Al-Fe alloy layer was increased as the temperature of the Al-bath increased, showing the maximum thickness for the dipping time of 4 minutes. Activation heat of 29㎉ per mole was calculated from the rates of alloy layer growth at various temperatures, and the mechanism of formation of the alloy layer was also discussed.

Al-Ni-Mg 三元共晶 合金의 方向性 凝固에 관한 연구

鄭炳琥,朴炳玉 울산과학대학 1979 연구논문집 Vol.4 No.2

本 實驗은 Al-Ni合金에 Mg 添加量을 0∼0.9wt%까지 變化시키면서 各種 凝固速度로 方向性 凝固를 시켰으며 方向性 凝固後 方向性 凝固組織과 機械的 性質 및 添加元素(Mg), 凝固速度의 影響을 硏究, 調査하였다. 여기서 얻은 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1) composite 組織은 凝固速度가 0.1∼0.04㎜/min 사이에서 觀察 되었으며 添加元素量이 增加할수록 보다 낮은 凝固速度에서 composite 組織이 觀察되었다. (方向性 凝固裝置의 溫度勾配는 全實驗을 통하여 80℃/㎝로 同一). 2) 金屬間 化合物의 相間幅 λ와 相形能는 凝固速度 R에 의존하며 Al-Ni 共晶合金 系에서 λ^-1=1.28×10 exp(4)√R의 直線關係 成立되었다. 3) Al-Ni系 및 Al-Ni-Mg系의 경우 鑄方狀態의 試料보다 方向性 凝固를 시킨 경우의 試料가 引張强度面에서는 상당히 增加 하였으나 延伸率 面에서는 약간 減少하였다. 4) Ageing 效果는 純 Al-Ni 系에서는 거의 없었으며 Al-Ni-Mg의 경우는 時效後가 時效前보다 引張强度가 상당히 增加하였다. Al-Ni alloy was directionally solidified with various solidification rate in the range of Magnesium content, 0∼0.9wt%. And also the Metallurgical Structure, Mechanical Properties, the effect of additional element(Magnesium) and solidification rate of directionally solidied Al-Ni alloy were investigated. From this experiment the following results were obtained. 1) The Composite structure was observed in the range of solidification rate, 0.1∼0.04㎜/min. And also more composite structure were observed in less solidification rate according to the increment of additional element (temperature gradient 80℃/㎝). 2) The shape of phase and the rod spacing λ of intermetallic compound were depended on the solidification rate R, and also linear relationship was obtained λ^-=1.28 × 10 exp(4)√R between the square root of solidification rate, R^(1/2) and the reciprocal of rod spacing λ^-1. 3) In case of Al-Ni system and Al-Ni -Mg system, The Measured values of ultimate tensile strengths of directionally solidified were more increased, but the elongation was a little bit decreased than in as cast. 4) The ageing effects of directionally solidified pure Al-Ni system was almost negligible, but the ultimate tensile strength of Al-Ni-Mg system was more increased due to the ageing