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고정상 생물막 공법을 이용한 상수원수 전처리에 대한 연구
박대원 ( Dae Won Pak ),김동건 ( Dong Kun Kim ),장원석 ( Won Seak Chang ),고창일 ( Chang Il Koh ) 한국물환경학회 2002 한국물환경학회지 Vol.18 No.6
We performed the tests using two different mada(R1-bioball. R2-bioball) fixed biofilm reactors, investigated the efficiencies as pretreatment of drinking water, and identified the connecting possibilities of membrane treatment as posttreatment. As results of 100 days monitoring under different HRT (2, 4, 6 hr), organic compound removal of two reactors showed 38.5 % and 34.3 % in spite of increasing 8 to 10 times of loading rate, the color, turbidity, and chloropyll-a also showed higher removal 78.0 % to 94.9%. Therefore, the application of fixed biofilm is proved effective pretreatment process of removing color, turbidity, algae (chloropyll-a) as well as organic compounds. And also, as results of connecting possibility with membrane process (UF and NF). TOC and turbidity removals in UF system showed 45.4% (R1) and 40.2 % (R2); 98.5 % (R1) and 98.3% (R2), respectively, those in NF system showed 59.4% (R1) and 53.4 % (R2); 99.2 % (R1) and 99.1 %, respectively. In spite of conventional drinking water treatment system, combination of fixed biofilm and membrane system would be used to water purification system on pretreatment and posttreatment.
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판지 공정수 처리에 있어 칼슘제거 및 제지품질의 변화에 관한 연구
이원근 ( Won Kwon Lee ),신응배 ( Eun Bai Shin ),박대원 ( Dae Won Pak ),손성섭 ( Seong Seop Son ),이상봉 ( Sang Bong Lee ) 한국물환경학회 2002 한국물환경학회지 Vol.18 No.5
These days many mills began to reduce the amount of water consumption by reusing treated water, which resulted in sharp elevation of organics level in their white water. In addition to the increase of organics, calcium hardness also increases since recycled paper is used as raw material in liner paper industry. Detrimental effects which high level of organics and calcium hardness may cause in paper industry were well reported. In this paper new process using UASB+CO_2 Stripping unit was suggested to remove both organics and calcium hardness from wastewater of liner paper industry, Furthermore effects of treated process water on paper quality were also elucidated using paper sheet former. As results, the removal efficiency of COD was maintained more than 70 % till COD loading was up to 18 kg COD/㎥d, methane gas production rate increased in proportion to COD loading and its ratio was estimated about 0.15 ∼ 0.25 g CH_4/g COD removed. CO_2 Stripping unit was not influenced greatly in HRT`s change, and removed calcium hardness effectively without additional chemical reagents like as sodium hydroxide. Since treated water by UASB+CO_2 stripping unit contains less VFA and calcium ions, paper sheet formed in treated water showed fairly good improvement in the aspects of mechanical property and mill operation.
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전류흐름에 따른 TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotube 광촉매의 OH radical 생성량 평가
김다은,이용호,김대원,박대원,Kim, Da-Eun,Lee, Yong-Ho,Kim, Dae-Won,Pak, Dae-Won 한국응용과학기술학회 2017 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.34 No.2
본 연구에서는 $TiO_2$ nanotube 광촉매의 고도산화처리능을 비교하기 위해서 OH 라디칼 생성력을 평가하고자 하였다. 자외선 조사에 따른 Probe compound인 4-Chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA)의 농도 감소에 따라 OH radical 생성량을 산정하는 방법으로 광촉매 효율을 평가하였는데, $TiO_2$ nanotube 표면에서의 전자의 흐름을 원활하게 하기 위하여 전기적 에너지를 주었을 시 광촉매 효율의 증가 가능성 또한 확인하고자 자외선 조사 시 전류밀도를 인가하는 방법으로 실험을 진행하였다. 실험에 사용된 $TiO_2$ nanotube는 전극효과를 부여하기 위해 양극산화법으로 티타늄판을 이용하여 제조하였으며, pCBA 용액에는 전도도를 부여하기 위하여 NaCl을 첨가하여 전해질로 사용하였다. 정전류 정전압 조건하에서 자외선조사 실험을 진행하였으며, 전류가 흐르는 광촉매에 자외선 조사 시 OH 라디칼 생성량은 광촉매 없이 자외선만 조사하였을 때에 비해 약 5.6배, $TiO_2$ 광촉매와 함께 자외선을 조사하였을 보다 약 2.2배 증가하였다. 결과적으로 광촉매반응에 전기적 에너지를 부여하였을 시 시너지효과를 가져올 수 있는 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. OH radical generation is one of the common method to evaluate photocatalytic activity. In many of previous studies, only the UV(Ultraviolet) light was applied to test photocatalytic ability of $TiO_2$ nanotubes by studying probe compound(4-Chlorobenzoic acid) concentration change in solution. Also, $TiO_2$ nanotubes were found to show some electrochemical characteristics when the flow of electric current was applied. In this study, the flow of electric current and UV light were applied at the same time to determine whether electrochemical characteristics of $TiO_2$ nanotube plate can give synergetic effect on the photocatalytic activity. $TiO_2$ nanotube was grown on Ti by anodic oxidation to create $TiO_2$ nanotube plate which can be used as a photocatalyst and a electrode that can undergo AOP(Advanced Oxidation Process) for water treatment. Probe compound solution was prepared using 4-chlorobenzoic acid and $H_2O$ as a solvent. NaCl was added to give conductivity to work as electrolyte. As a result, enough level of electric current flow was found to give synergetic photocatalytic effect which can be used for efficient AOP water treatment method.
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김주신(Joo Sin Kim),박대원(Dae won Pak) 유기성자원학회 2017 유기물자원화 Vol.25 No.2
본 연구는 S시 S구의 재활용품 배출특성을 조사 및 분석을 통해 재활용품 선별장에서 재활용품 선별율을 조사하였다. 재활용품 배출특성을 조사하기 위해서 발생원, 수집운반, 선별단계별로 나누어 분석하였다. 분석결과, 재활용품의 발생량 원단위의 전체 평균은 0.121kg/일·인, 지역별 재활용품의 수거주기는 보통 주3회(월수금 혹은 화목일)로 나타났으며, 차량별 혼합재활용품의 밀도는 평균 202.4kg/㎥로 나타났다. 선별단계에서의 현황분석을 진행한 결과, 혼합재활용품의 반입량은 평균 1,154.6톤/달, 겉보기밀도의 평균은 181kg/㎥, 선별재활용품의 양은 평균 448.5kg/달, 잔재물의 밀도는 48kg/㎥으로 나타났다. 선별장으로 입고된 혼합재활용품에서 유가품 선별율은 약 38.85%이며 잔재물은 약 55.90%로 나타났다. 전체 잔재물 7,744.8톤 중 유가품은 약 4,272.1톤이 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 활용가능한 유가품의 수거효율을 높이기 위한 방안으로는 거점 수거 활성화, 선별시설 자동화 및 현대화, 잔재물의 자원화 등이 검토되었다. This study was conducted to investigate and analyze the discharge characteristics of recyclable material from S-city, S-district, in order to improve the sorting efficiency in recycling sorting facility. The characteristics of recyclable materials collected were analyzed in three different scopes; source origin, collection and transportation, and sorting steps. The average of recyclable waste generation is 0.121kg/day*man. Regional collection period appears to be three times a week, and the density of mixed recyclable wastes showed the average of 202.4 kg/㎥ in the waste collection vehicle. In the analysis into the sorting steps, the average of carrying amount of mixed recycling products is 1,154.6 ton/month, the average of appeared density is 181kg/㎥, the average amount of separated recycling products is 448.5 kg/month, and the density of recycling residue is found out to be 48kg/㎥. The sorting rate of recyclable material is 38.85% and the percentage of residues is 55.90%. Out of 7,744.8 tons of the total recyclable residues, 4,272.1 tons were found out to be possible recylable materials. As a result of increasing the recycling rate of residues, the encouragement of base-recycling, the automation and retrofit of sorting equipment, and energy recovery from recycling residue were discussed.
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이준철(Jun Cheol Lee),박대원(Dae Won Pak) 大韓環境工學會 2012 대한환경공학회지 Vol.34 No.11
단위면적당(cm2) 루테늄의 코팅량이 1.5 mg, 2.5 mg, 3.5 mg, 5.5 mg, 8.5 mg의 RuO₂/Ti 전극을 제조하여 코팅량에 따른 전기화학적 특성 차이와 염소 발생에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 순환전압 실험 결과 루테늄이 코팅된 전극의 염소 발생 과전압은 약 1.15 V (vs. Ag/AgCl)로 거의 일정하였다. 그러나 교류 임피던스 분광법, 동전위분극실험 결과 단위면적당(cm2) 루테늄의 코팅량이 2.5 mg, 3.5 mg RuO₂/Ti 전극의 저항은 각각 0.4582 Ω, 0.5267 Ω, 부식속도는 각각 0.082 mm/yr, 0.058 mm/yr로 내구성이 가장 우수하였다. 염소 발생량은 단위면적당(cm2) 루테늄의 코팅량 3.5 mg 전극이 15.2 mg/L로 가장 높게 측정되었다. We investigated the effects of electrochemical characteristics and generation of chlorine by the different amount of Ru coating which was prepared for RuO₂/Ti electrode coated with 1.5 mg, 2.5 mg, 5.5 mg, 8.5 mg Ru per unit area (cm2). As a Result of the cycle voltammetry experiments, chlorine overvoltage of Ru-coated electrodes showed to be the nearly sustained value of approximately 1.15V (vs. Ag/AgCl). By contrary, According to the results of the AC impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization tests, the amount of Ru per unit area (cm2) included 2.5 mg, 3.5 mg as RuO₂/Ti offered the highest levels of durability which was electrode resistance and corrosion rate appeared to be 0.4582 Ω, 0.5267 Ω and 0.082 mm/yr, 0.058 mm/yr, respectively. It was also observed that generation of chlorine coated with 3.5 mg per unit area (cm2) was the highest value of 15.2 mg/L.
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음식물쓰레기와 전처리한 폐활성슬러지의 혼합비율에 따른 생물학적 수소생산
이준철(Jun Cheol Lee),김재형(Jae Hyung Kim),최광근(Kwang Keun Choi),박대원(Dae Won Pak) 大韓環境工學會 2007 대한환경공학회지 Vol.29 No.9
본 연구는 대표적인 유기성 폐기물인 음식물쓰레기와 폐활성슬러지를 처리함과 동시에 수소를 생물학적인 방법으로 생성하기 위하여 운전인자인 가용화 방법, pH, VFAs 및 음식물쓰레기와 폐활성슬러지의 최적 혼합비율을 도출하고자 하였다. 폐활성슬러지의 수소 생성량을 높이기 위해 다양한 가용화 방법을 적용하여 그에 따른 수소 수율을 비교한 결과 알칼리와 초음파처리 한 병합처리에서 4.3 mL H₂/g VSconsumed로 가장 높았으며, 음식물쓰레기와 가용화 된 폐활성슬러지를 혼합한 경우에도 병합처리 한 가용화 방법에서 수소 수율이 13.8 mL H₂/g VSconsumed로 가장 높았다. 또한 pH는 5.0∼5.5에서 운전시 가장 높은 수소 생성량을 보였으며, 음식물쓰레기와 가용화 된 폐활성슬러지의 최적 혼합비율은 2 : 1에서 수소 생성량이 5.0 L H₂/L/d로 가장 높았다. 생물학적 수소 생성이 많을수록 VFAs는 프로피온산의 농도가 낮았고, 부티르산이 아세트산보다 높은 비율로 생산되었다. In this study, Bio-hydrogen is produced from organic waste mixtures containing food waste and waste activated sludge(WAS). The effects of different operational factor on hydrogen production, including various solubilization methods for pretreatments of WAS, pH and different ratios of food waste and WAS, were investigated. The highest hydrogen production values are obtained as 4.3 mL H₂/g VSconsumed in the case of applying the mixed pre-treatments of alkali and ultrasonic. The pH value in bio-reactor increased from 4 to 8 after the ultrasonic treatment with alkali and the hydrogen yield touched its highest value in the pH range of 5.0 to 5.5. Similarly, the hydrogen production reached the level of 13.8 mL H₂/g VSconsumed using the same pre-treatment method from the mixture of food waste and WAS. The ratio of 2 : 1 produced a maximum amount of hydrogen of 5.0 L H₂/L/d. The amount of volatile fatty acids(VFAs) including acetate, propionate and butyrate, were also varied considerably. Propionate decreased consistently with rising of hydrogen while butyrate comparing to acetate relatively increased in the effluent.
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