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배심평결규칙의 법심리학적 제 문제(하) -만장일치규칙과 다수결규칙-
이은로 ( Eun Ro Lee ),박광배 ( Kwang B. Park ) 한국형사정책학회 2007 刑事政策 Vol.19 No.1
This article is to review empirical studies on the verdict rule in the areas of psychology and behavioral sciences. The empirical results of most research on deliberation time, the timing for the first voting, voting frequency, evidence/verdict-driven deliberation style, handling the dissenters, robustness and genuineness of deliberation, jurors` satisfaction with deliberation process, and confidence in verdicts show that the jury decision rule affects deliberation process. Decision rule has been consistently proven to affect the final verdict. The agenda for future research and relevant methodologies that are thought to be useful for the rational design of the trial by jury in Korea are suggested in conclusion.
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배심평결규칙의 법심리학적 제 문제(상): 만장일치규칙과 다수결규칙
이은로 ( Eun Ro Lee ),박광배 ( Kwang B. Park ) 한국형사정책학회 2006 刑事政策 Vol.18 No.2
Introduction of lay participation trial system could raise many psychological and legal issues regarding fact-finding functions of a jury. One of those important issues is the appropriate rule for the decision or verdict on the guilt of the defendant: unanimity rule versus majority rule. The verdict by a jury has several characteristics that distinguish it from other kinds of collective decision making, especially those in political contexts. Collective decisions are often based on self-interested behaviors of constituents, voters, politicians, and government officials under consitutional rules. On the other hand, the task of a jury as a decision making group is primarily based on the concerns for finding material fact regarding the guilt of defendant rather than serving for the interests of the participants. The decision by jury should not only be democratic but also be accurate and efficient. Therefore, the issues regarding unanimity or majority rule for the decisions by jury go beyond normative or ideological considerations and should be rooted in empirical bases. The purpose of the present article is to set the ground for research and scientific investigation searching for the appropriate rule for the decision by the lay jury that will convene for criminal trials in Korea. To that end, we introduce public choice theory for the optimal rule for group decisions and other theoretical models predicting the effects of different rules. And legal issues surrounding the unanimity and majority rules for jury decision making are delineated and summarized. In our next study, a review of empirical studies on the verdict rules in the areas of psychology and behavioral sciences will be continued.
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Equivalence Between Items with Ordered Response Categories and Perfect Guttman Scale
Park, Kwang B 高麗大學校統計硏究所 1993 應用統計 Vol.8 No.-
완벽한 Guttman 척도(Perfect Guttman Scale)는 측정오차의 존재를 무시한다는 이유로 비현실적인 척도이론이라는 비판을 받아왔다. 본 논문의 서열적 범부반응척도와 Likert 척도가 사실에 있어서 완벽한 Guttman 척도를 내포하고 있다는 것을 수학적으로 증명하기 위한 것이다. 이 목적을 위하여 서열적 범주반응척도의 문항모수들이 그 문항을 완벽한 Guttman 척도로 변환한 후 Rasch 모형의 개념적 틀 안에서 산출된 모수들과 직접적이고 단순한 함수관계에 있음을 증명하였다. Perfect Guttman scale has been often accused of being unrealistic and purely theoretical because it assumes the absence of measurement error. This paper mathematically demonstrates that perfect Guttman scale is implicit in test items with ordered response categories and with a Likert-type rating scale. In the context of Rasch model for the responses to test items, the parameters of the items with ordered response categories and with a Likert-type rating scale are direct and simple functions of the parameters of the dichotomous Guttman items which are artificially created by transforming the origonal items.
KCI
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