포스트사회주의 이후 중국 합작사(협동조합)의 이론과 실제: 중국 산둥성 펑라이시(蓬萊市) 포도주생산지역 사례를 중심으로

박경철 ( Kyong Cheol Park ) 현대중국학회 2013 현대중국연구 Vol.14 No.2

This study is to investigate the theory and practice of cooperatives in rural China since the post-socialism, especially the agricultural industrialization in the 1990s. The case area of this study covers two wine-producing regions(Meile-美樂 and Pinli-品?) of PengLai-city(蓬萊市), Shandong-province(山東省). And the surveys are mainly conducted about the form of existence, operating problems and improvement of cooperatives in the cooperative relationship between wine company + farmers. Both text analysis and in-depth interview method are mainly used in surveying wine companies, grape farmers, and local government officials. Through the analysis of the relationship between wine company and farmers in the above-mentioned two areas, we can get the following conclusions and implications: First, there is a lack of awareness among farmers about cooperatives, which the Chinese government has been propagating. Despite the Chinese government and academia have strongly advocated the necessity of cooperatives for the purpose of industrialization, modernization, and organization of agriculture, but farmers more expect the role of the village committee, rather than the role of cooperatives due to the historical path dependence tendance of farmers. Second, there is obviously the lack of capacity for farmers in organizing cooperatives by themselves. Therefore it can be suggested that farmers need the help of government and wine companies in their organizing cooperatives. Finally, the establishment of cooperatives depending on the size of cooperation and local circumstances can be required. The establishment of cooperatives may not be required in suburban agricultural areas as like Meile(美樂) areas because farmers can obtain market information and dealers by themselves, while the establishment of cooperatives can be required according to the scale of cooperation in the relationship between company and farmers as like Pinli(品?) areas.

농촌과 도시지역 주민간 지역사회 친밀도 비교 연구

박경철(Kyong Cheol Park),김성수(Sung Soo Kim) 한국농촌지도학회 2002 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.9 No.1

The purposes of this study were to compare the community attachment between rural and urban communities, and suggest directions for community development plans of rural and urban communities in Korea. The data for this study were collected from two communities(n=285), one from Gochang county representing rural community, located in Jeonbuk province(n=142), and the other from Suwon city representing urban community located in Gyunggi province(n=143), utilizing questionnaire. The major findings of this study were as follows; 1) Community attachment was significantly higher in rural community than in urban community, and the linear development model was more appropriate to explain the results of the study. 2) Community attachment appeared to be significantly related to social bonds, community participation social trust, community economical activities, and social and cultural environment. 3) In general, determinants such as number of acquaintances, pride of cultural heritages, length of residence, trust for local government, good traffic environment, job satisfaction, etc. explained 55.5% in rural and urban communities.

지역사회 친밀도의 최근 연구와 관련변인 고찰

박경철(Kyong Cheol Park),김성수(Sung Soo Kim) 한국농촌지도학회 2001 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study was to review the current studies on community attachment and its related variables to suggest directions for community attachment studies in Korea. Specific objectives of the study were to search the current studies on community attachment, to search for the significant variables related to community attachment, and to draw implications for community development in Korea. The major findings of the study were as follows; 1) Current studies on community attachment used individual characteristic variables such as length of residence in the community, age, size of population and density as major independent variables. 2) Studies on community attachment used community participation, social and cultural environment as major dependent variables, however, both independent variables and dependent variables were used interchangeably in many cases. 3) Recent studies on community attachment employed community economic and cultural variables, however, studies on community attachment in Korea was relatively limited in terms of quantity as well as quality. 4) Further research on community attachment should be conducted by utilizing various independent and dependent variables in various communities to increase the community attachment in rural and urban communities to further strengthen community development in Korea.

중국 농촌합작체계의 형성과 전개(1919-1958) : 서구 공상적 사회주의와 협동조합사상의 영향을 중심으로

박경철(Kyong Cheol Park) 한국농촌지도학회 2011 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.18 No.4

This study is mainly to investigate the influences of both Western`s utopian socialism and cooperatives ideas on the process of China`s rural cooperation from 1919(the occurrence of 5.4 movement) to 1958(the completion of People`s commune). To accomplish this, first, we will discuss that how these two ideas emerged as an alternative to Western capitalism in the before/early 20th century were introduced into China and how these ideas effected on the process of the China`s Communist Revolution. Then, we will review the process of China`s rural cooperation during the 1950s` new socialist nation-building period since the foundation of New China(1949), the sharp debates about rural cooperation in the process of its realization, and the reasons of radically promoting rural cooperation in the late 1950s. Finally, through these debates and experiences regarding rural cooperation in rural China during 1919-1958, any implications in solving rural cooperation problems of contemporary China facing difficulties will be provided.

농촌마을 공동자원을 활용한 마을공동체 활성화 영향분석 - 익산시 마을 사례

박경철(Kyong-Cheol Park) 한국농촌지도학회 2024 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.31 No.4

Recently, some rural villages have been attracting attention by jointly utilizing commons in the village to create income and jointly distribute it, thereby promoting the revitalization of the village community. The ‘village pension’ implemented in Taean-gun and some fishing villages in Boryeong city, Chungcheongnam-do are representative examples. These villages are examples of ensuring the sustainability of commons called fishery resources by jointly managing and utilizing fishery resources given in the natural environment, and guaranteeing stable income to residents. In addition to these villages, there are many cases of income generation and distribution utilizing various forms of commons. Therefore, This study aims to explore the impacts of revitalizing village communities by utilizing commons in rural villages: case of a village in Iksan city, and sought implications and challenges for S-Village in terms of sustainability of rural commons and activation of village communities. The results of the study showed that S-Village is generating income by utilizing ‘inherited’ and ‘generated’ commons, and has increased the efficacy of residents for village projects through equal participation and equal distribution of village income. In addition, it has improved the quality of life of the elderly by providing a monthly village pension of 100,000won to elderly people over 70 through a solar power generation project. Finally, this study pointed out that since the commons of S-Village are highly dependent on external resources and are likely to become outdated, efforts should be made to reduce external dependence on commons and ensure the sustainability of commons in the future.

중국 농촌마을 재편의 의의와 한계

박경철(Kyong Cheol Park) 한국농촌지도학회 2015 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.22 No.2

The purposes of this study are to explain the background and significance of the Farmers upstairs (農民上樓) phenomen-on which has been currently promoted as part of the New Socialist Countryside Construction in contemporary China, and its positive and negative aspects, and analyze the limitations of Farmers upstairs phenomenon. Farmers up-stairs means the building of concentrated farmhouses by means of reconstruction of scattered farmhouses here and there, simultaneously by installing cultural, social welfare, and environmental facilities where rural farmer also could enjoy the convenience of urban living. It brings, however, the positive effects such as the improvement of living conditions of rural farmers, the simultaneously expanding of urban construction land and agricultural land, and the new influx of pop-ulation from urban areas, whiles the negative effectives such as the forced demolition of farmhouses by governments or real estate developers with very lower compensation costs for the demolition of farmhouses, the gap from the standard of living, and above all, the inconvenience caused by the living in a multi-stories building in the rural villages. As a result, it is pointed out that the ongoing Farmers upstairs , promoted as a kind of rural movement beyond a phenomenon, has similarities with the Rural Cooperative Movement(農村合作化運動) of Mao Zedong era(1953-61), namely the People s Commune Movement(人民公社運動) finally failed.

농촌기본소득제 도입에 관한 탐색적 연구

박경철(Kyong-Cheol Park),한승석(Seung-Seok Han) 한국농촌지도학회 2021 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.28 No.2

Under the premise of unbalanced development between urban and rural areas, this study raised criticism that the balanced national development policies in South Korea, which had been promoted in earnest after ‘the Participatory Government’ has adversely deepened the development gap between urban and rural areas by promoting the development of urban. In the meantime, the agricultural economy that supported the rural economy has gradually collapsed after reckless market opening, and due to the balanced national development policy focusing on urban infrastructure construction, rural areas are facing a crisis of ‘depopulation’ and ‘regional extinction.’ For this reason, many local governments have recently recognized the public values of agriculture and have introduced ‘agrarian basic income’ for the sustainability of agriculture. However, there is a limit to overcoming the crisis in rural areas because the population of farmers among rural residents is only 25%. Therefore, this study proposes the necessity of introducing the basic income for rural residents as a new paradigm for balanced development between urban and rural areas beyond the existing policy limits, based on surveys of opinions of residents living in Chungchengnam-do, South Korea and experts on the introduction of ’basic income for rural residents’ in the future.

농민기본소득제 도입에 관한 탐색적 연구 - 충청남도를 중심으로 -

박경철(Kyong Cheol Park) 한국농촌지도학회 2016 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the trends of basic income guarantee of which the discussion has been spreadingin recent years and to explore the feasibility of this system in the rural areas of Chungchengnam-do. Basic Income Guarantee means a system in which all members of society could take regular incomes which is at a minimum necessaryfor their life without any conditions, and it is already introduced or being currently discussed in several countries andregions such as USA, Switzerland, Namibia. In Korea, it is currently claimed that breakthrough policy such as basicincome guarantee for farmers should be introduced for farmers or rural residents who are facing the challenges of thedouble, namely the reduction of farm incomes and rural population due to the expansion of global free trade such as WTO and FTA since 1990s. Therefore, the policy considerations and suggestions for implementing the basic income guarantee for farmers in Chungcheongnam-do is explained in this paper.

중국 향촌관광의 발전 특성과 의의

박경철(Kyong-Cheol Park) 한국농촌지도학회 2016 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.23 No.3

The purposes of this research are to not only investigate the time-based and regional characteristics in process of development of rural tourism in China, but also explain the significances of rural tourism in China by economic-political significance and social-cultural significance. The characteristics and significances investigated throughout this research are as follows. First, the development of rural tourism in China can be divided by three stages: the first stage(1980-1990), the second stage(1990-2000), the third stage (2000 -). Second, the rural tourism in China has been mainly developed around the metropolitan city such as Beijing, Chengdu. But, they showed different characteristics in process of development of rural tourism. Third, rural tourism in China has been used in solving san-nong(三農) problems which are the most urgent issues in contemporary China and reducing the gaps of living standard between urban and rural area. Forth, rural tourism in China has contributed in satisfying the needs of travel and leisure caused by the improvement of living standard of people due to China s rapid economic growth. Last, it is suggested in this research that the legal and institutional systems be prepared to guarantee the benefits of farmers.

지역축제의 농촌지역활성화 사례 연구

박경철(Kyong Cheol Park) 한국농촌사회학회 2006 農村社會 Vol.16 No.1