탈냉전 이후 서부유럽의 군수산업 위기와 지역적 대응

문남철(Nam Cheol Moon) 한국지역지리학회 2002 한국지역지리학회지 Vol.8 No.4

본 연구는 탈냉전 이후 유럽에서 나타난 군수산업의 동향과 그에 따른 지역적 영향, 그리고 군수산업과 지역적 위기에 대한 군수산업기업과 유럽연합, 각국 정부, 지역 및 지방자치단체에 의해 시행된 대응정책에 대해 고찰하였다. 1980년대 후반부터 1990년대 초반까지의 기간에 이루어진 냉전종식과 긴장완화 추세, 유럽연합 형성과 유럽독자방위체제 창설논의 등 군사안보정책의 급격한 변화는 유럽 국가들의 국방비 지출의 감소, 군수장비 수출의 급격한 감소, 군병력의 축소와 군수산업 고용자 해고의 증가 등 커다란 변화를 가져오게 하였다. 이러한 변화와 더불어 유럽의 군수산업은 위기에 직면하게 되었고, 위게 직면한 군수산업기업들은 내적 다변화, 외적 성장, 민간부문으로 산업전환 등 매우 다양한 전략을 추구하고 있다. 또한 군수산업의 위기는 군수산업에 대해 경제적·사회적 강한 의존성을 보인 군수 산업 지역의 경제와 사회에 큰 어려움을 가져오게 하였고 유럽연합, 각국 정부, 지역 및 지방자치단체는 이들 지역의 경제적·사회적 영향을 최소화하기 위해 타 산업분야의 활성화와 산업전환 등을 통해 지역경제를 다변화를 시키기 위한 정책을 시행하였다. The end of cold war and the trend of the detente brought about many changes in the military security policy and in the munitions industry of the West-Europe : reduction of the defence budget, diminution of the military power force and armaments, decrease of the exportation and the domestic demand of ordnance, and augmentation of discharged laborers. This mutation caused the munitions industry and the war industrials regions to a crisis. The munition industrials enterprises which was confronted a crisis searched for diverse strategies like an reconversion to the civil products, an internal diversification and an external growth. And the European Union, the national government, and local or regional self-government implemented policies for diversification of regional economic with an reconversion in order to minimize the effect of the regional economic and society from the crisis of the munition industry.

남부아프리카 초 국경평화공원의 지정학적 접근

문남철(Moon, Nam Cheol) 한국지역지리학회 2017 한국지역지리학회지 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 초 국경평화공원의 세계적 확산에 선도적인 역할을 하고 있는 남부아프리카의 초 국경평화공원을 사례로 지정학적 관점에서 (초) 국경공원의 역할과 기능, 형태가 시대적 정치상황에 따라 어떻게 변화되어 왔고, 현재 초 국경평화공원의 문제점은 무엇인가에 대해 분석하였다. 남부아프리카의 국경공원은 식민지 시대와 아파르트헤이트 시기, 냉전 및 내전시기에 유럽열강의 충돌을 완화하고 광역 식민지를 분리・통치하고 공산주의와 흑인해방운동의 공간적 확산을 차단하기 위한 역할과 기능을 하였다. 그리고 냉전과 내전, 아파르트헤이트의 종식 이후 국경공원을 통합한 생태학적 초 국경평화공원은 국가 간, 지역 간, 인종 간 대립과 갈등을 해소하고 평화체제를 구축하기 위한 역할과 기능을 하고 있다. 그러나 남부아프리카의 생태학적 초 국경평화공원은 대립과 갈등의 해소와 평화체계의 구축에 효과적인 수단이라는 평가를 받고 있으나 국가 간 인적, 재정적, 기술적 자원의 불균형과 백인과 흑인 간의 경제적, 문화적 차이로 인해 남아프리카 공화국의 정치-경제적 지배와 인종집단 간 사회-공간적 갈등이 재생산될 수 있다는 비판도 받고 있다. This study has the purpose of geopolitical analysis on the role, function and problem of (trans) frontier park in Southern Africa. Frontier parks in Southern Africa had been used as a buffer zone between colonial empires and British colonial administration during the colonial period and as an interdiction zone of communism and black liberation movement during the apartheid regime, the cold war and the civil war. The ecological transfrontier peace parks in Southern Africa which is integrating the adjacent Frontier parks is utilized as a means of a conflict resolution and peace building after the end of cold war, civil war and apartheid regime, The ecological transfrontier peace parks in Southern Africa is very highly regarded as an effective means for a conflict resolution and peace building. But it is also being criticized for a reproduction of South Africa"s politico-economic domination and of a socio-spatial division between racial groups.

유럽연합 확대와 미래의 경계에 관한 고찰

문남철(Nam Cheol Moon) 한국지역지리학회 2012 한국지역지리학회지 Vol.18 No.4

유럽연합의 미래경계는 아직까지 많은 불확실성이 존재하지만, 이 경계는 유럽연합이 새로운 회원국을 가입시 키는 기준이 무엇인가와 직결된다고 할 수 있다. 유럽연합은 연합이 추구하는 가치와 규범을 공유하는 모든 ``유럽국 가``들에게 가입이 개방되어 있음을 표명해 왔지만, 유럽연합에 포함 가능한 ``유럽국가``와 미래의 경계에 대해서는 어 떠한 정의도 내리지 않고 있다. ``유럽국가``의 기준이 무엇인가? 이 질문에 대한 해답은 유럽연합의 미래경계가 어디인 지를 이론적으로 예측해 볼 수 있는 근거가 될 것이다. 지리적, 문화적, 국가의 의향을 기준으로 이론적으로 검토된 ``유럽국가``는 단지 잠재적인 미래의 경계일 뿐, 미래의 경계는 정치적 결정자들 간의 협상과 힘의 결과에 따라 변화될 수 있다. 소수 거대국가의 지배로 변화되는 세계에서 유럽연합의 개방적인 확대정책은 유럽연합이 세계적 지위를 확보하기 위한 하나의 주요수단이 되고 있다. 따라서 유 럽연합의 경계는 미래의 설계를 위한 정치적 모험에 따라 끊임없이 창조되고 변화할 것이다. EU`s future frontier remains indefinite but it is directly linked to the principle of entry into the EU. EU has been defining that the ``european nation`` sharing with a EU`s value and norms can enter into the EU. If so, what is the criteria of EU? The criterion of ``european nation`` will be a theoretical basis of an estimation of the EU`s future frontier. However, the future frontier based on the geography, the culture and the intension of nation is only the potential frontier. It will be changed by the political decision makers` negotiation and power. EU`s enlargement policy is one of means to retention of the international power in the situation that a few nations gradually dominate the world. Therefore the EU`s frontier will be continually changed and created by the EU`s political adventure.

익산자유무역지대의 기능약화와 입지여건의 문제점

문남철 ( Nam Cheol Moon ) 한국경제지리학회 2002 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.5 No.2

IKsan Export Free Zone which ws established for the export promotion, the employment augmentation, the technological improvement and the regional development promotion through the attraction of foreign direct investment is declining function with diminution of foreign direct investment, exportation and employment since the middle of the 1980s. The decline factor of the function was inherent in disregard of the necessary locational factors for Export Free zone`s function promotion and without respect to conditions in a choice of location. And the present labor intensive industrial structure of region has some difficulties with a modification of Export Free Zone`s industrial structure to a technology intensive industry. According to the lack of coherent policy, a limited plottage and a lack of the extensible space decrease the effect of agglomeration and economic of scale. And the lack of governmental policy to create a dynamic advantage comparative with an amelioration of the locational conditions of region diminish the regional attractive force to foreign direct investment.

전북지역 자동차산업 입지와 지역산업 실태 및 발전방향

문남철 ( Nam Cheol Moon ) 한국경제지리학회 2004 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.7 No.2

The location of auto industry in Jeon-buk is due to the strategies for secure a low-priced industrial site of the auto assembly companies, which attained to quantitative growth stage in the early part 1990`s, and the regional balanced development policy by the location of leader enterprise of the government. As a consequence of the reversal development pattern that is located the auto parts firm after locating the auto assembly companies, the Jeon-buk auto industry has many structural vulnerability. First, because of the lack development of auto parts industries, the auto assembly companies located in Jeon-buk are dependent many auto parts at a external region. Second, most of auto parts firm belongs to the singular assembly company exclusively. And the majority of auto parts industries are the low value-added products that are necessary a simple labor power. Third, the agglomeration undeveloped of associated industries with automobile caused a low competitiveness of invitation a manufacturing company as against other provinces. For a regional economic development by the auto industry, it is necessary a flexible regional structure of production through an agglomeration of associated industries. The geographical proximity between an assembly company and a parts firms is an important locational factor with the induction of Just-in-Time production system and a modularization in the auto industry. And a modularization applies to more new factory than the existing factories. So that, Jeon-buk self-government has to create an amicable industrial environment, try to attract an auto parts enterprises and plan an agglomerated industrial complex that is able to supply a parts modulated to assembly company.

동아시아 국제분업의 재구조화: 직접투자와 무역을 중심으로

문남철 ( Nam Cheol Moon ) 한국경제지리학회 2005 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.8 No.3

유럽연합 확대와 역내 교역흐름 및 교역구조 변화

문남철 ( Nam Cheol Moon ) 한국경제지리학회 2009 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.12 No.4

EU 확대에 따른 지역정책 및 지역격차 변화

문남철 ( Nam Cheol Moon ) 한국경제지리학회 2010 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.13 No.3

The european union used the regional policy for a compensation for a economic loss of the underdeveloped member countries and for a conciliation of the new member countries with a geographical enlargement. As a result, the objet of regional policy and the support eligible regions of structural funds increased. According to the central and eastern europe countries entry into the european union, the european union modified the regional policy: the integration of the dispersed objects of regional policy into the 3 objects, the reduction of the support eligible region of structural funds and the promotion of the interregional cohesion policy. The development disparities of the between the member countries converged. But the inter-local development disparities of a intra-member country dispersed. This tendency means that the regional policy of the european union contributed for the reduction of development disparities between the member countries but produced no effect on the diminution of the inter-local disparities of a intra-member country because of the regional differentiation of locational conditions.

월경취업 노동이동과 접경지역 노동시장 조절-유럽연합 Grande Region을 사례로-

문남철 ( Nam Cheol Moon ) 한국경제지리학회 2013 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.16 No.2

The cross-border flow of workers in EU having the freedom of labor mobility and residence plays a role in the birder labor markets as a structural factor of regulation. The regulation role of the cross-border flow of workers on the Grand Region, which is the border among the France-Belgium-Luxemburg-Germany, is as follows. First, the cross-border flow of workers regulates the regional surplus and lack of labor in quantity and quality. Second, the border labor markets are regulated by the regionally segmented supply and demand of labor and are modulated by the flexible employment like a part-time and temporary employment. Third, the residence of the cross-border workers concentrates on the adjacent regions to the border. And the atypical cross-border workers, who have their residence in the neighboring country but works in the existing country, are rising rapidly.

유럽 민간 항공산업의 생산입지와 생산네트워크: Airbus를 사례로

문남철 ( Nam Cheol Moon ) 한국경제지리학회 2015 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.18 No.3

The European civil aviation industry, which had lower technical skills, capital strength and market scale than the U.S., adopted the production system of joint development and division labor between the nations of Europe. Each plant locations strengthened their specialization of the production branch in the past 40 years with a geographical accumulation of the specialized manufacturing facilities, suppliers, universities and laboratories by the logic of geographical proximity and learning effect. The cargo plane transportation system in the production of short- and medium-haul aircraft facilitated the geographical dispersion of manufacturing process and the logistical linkage among the various plant locations. But the production of long-haul large aircraft(A380) chosen the transportation system by the cargo ship because of the size and weight. Considering the transportation system by the cargo ship, the choice of Toulouse as a final assembly plant location was the irrational locational decision from a locational point of view. This locational choice is explained by the merging process of the European civil aviation industry, the logic of learning effect and geographical proximity, and the active attraction support policy.