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모세원 한국국민윤리학회 1984 倫理硏究 Vol.19 No.1
In 1945, in order to accept the surrender of Japanese troops, the Korean peninsula was divided at the 38th parallel, the Russians taking the Surrender to the north of the line and the United States to the south. The choice of the 38th parallel had no logical, geographical or Social basis; it was an arbitrary boundary originating in the Pentagon, which viewed it as purely temporary for military purpose only. With the begining of the cold war, this division became permanent. All the atlempts by an Americans and Korean People to negotiate and end to the division and establish a democratic and united Korea failed. With the outbreak of the Korean War, all the Koreans hoped to unification of the Korean peninsula into the one democratic, independent and free nation by the determined forces of the United Nations. But the United States' ambiguous and contradictory policy toward Korea caused the capital chances to vanish away like smoke. For instance, the Truman administration rejected General MacArthur's proposals which consisted of a naval blockade of the Chinese coast; air bombardment of China's industrial complex, communication network, supply depots, and troop assembly points; reinforcement of his forces with Chinese Nationalist troops; and "diversionary action possibly leading to counter-invasion" by Chiang against the mainland as they were considered too risky. Finally, the Korean War, beginning with Acheson's Statement of the "defensive perimeter", ironically ended with Acheson's the "new concept of a limited war." Ever since the Armistice was signed on July 27, 1953, the tragedy of the divided Korean peninsula has been an ever-lasting trouble to Koreans for over 30 years. As long as the Condition of "one nation, two states" exists in Korea, the ROK must treat the problem of unification as its chief concern in domestic and foreign policy. Korea historically has been a country of strategic, importance to its neighboring states. Throughout the centuries, Japan and China have vied for influence and control over the Peninsula, which was served as the land bridge between them. Korea's strategic importance has greatly increased in this century, particularly as a result of the Soviet Union's growing role in Asia. Therefore, the unification of Korea Would be greatly affected by the conflicting interest of the four Super-Powers surrounding the Peninsula. But none of these Powers want the unification of Korea substantially. They really want to status quo by the balance of power. In this regard, the unification policy of the ROK which aims at the democratic, free and nationalistic welfare state not by force but by peaceful means, should be pursued in conformity with the international political environments. The peaceful unification must be considered as an attachment to the reduction of tensions by a superiority of power. In short, maintaining the "balance of terror" means that we should keep the terrible military power sufficiently which is possible to devastate adversaries to the extent that no one could be survived. The current international polixical phenomena imply that "One Korean Nation, One Korean State" is a distant dream. Therefore, the ROK must pursue step-by-step approach toward greater security, gradual reintegration, and eventual unification by an enhancement of the self-defensive posture.
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