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Ethiopian Federalism in Accommodating Ethnic Diversity: 23 Years Experience
테메스겐 멘도(Temesgen Mendo ),소남 만수카니(Sonam Mansukhani ) 영남대학교 박정희새마을연구원 2022 새마을학연구 Vol.7 No.1
이 논문은 인종 다양성을 수용하는 에티오피아 연방주의에 대한 이해를 통해 민족 기반 연방주의와 소수 민족의 권리를 설명하고, 이를 바탕으로 연방주의의 채택이 에티오피아에서 서비스 제공을 촉진할 수 있는 방법제시에 목적이 있다. 연구를 위해 양적 및 질적 연구 방법론적 접근을 시도하였다. 오로미아, 남부 국가, 국적, 국민(SNNP), 소말리아, 시다마 지역과 아디스아바바 시 행정부에서 온 384 명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시했으며, 64 명의 국회의원, 학계, 정부 관료를 대상으로 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 이를 통해 에티오피아 연방주의의 인종적 다양성 수용을 발견할 수 있었다. 민족, 국적, 국민은 자신의 문화와 언어를 개발할 권리의 인정은 명시적, 암묵적으로 인정되었을 뿐만 아니라 연방주의는 소수민족을 인정하고 보호하고 있었다. This article examines the practices of Ethiopian federalism in accommodating ethnic diversity. It then describes ethnic-based federalism and the rights of ethnic minorities. Consequently, it explores how the adoption of federalism can foster service delivery in Ethiopia. Both quantitative and qualitative research methodological approaches were deployed for the study. Three hundred eighty-four citizens from Oromia, South Nation, Nationality, and People (SNNP), Somali, and Sidama regions and Addis Ababa city Administration were selected for survey questionnaires, and 64 key informants from legislators, Academician, government officials, and political parties were involved in interview questions during the study. The result of the findings shows that Ethiopian federalism accommodates ethnic diversity. Federalism has recognized, and protected ethnic minorities; nations, nationalities, and people have the right to develop their own cultures and languages. Federalism has a high contribution to enhancing service delivery in the local administrative system and has a positive effect on regional development in Ethiopia.
투석 치료를 받고 있는 만성신부전증 환자의 Lipoprotein(a) 지질 대사 이상에 관한 연구
한대석,김흥수,이호영,하성규,조한선,정석호,이병권,이귀순,박종훈,만수연 대한신장학회 1993 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.12 No.4
Lipoprotein (a)(Lp (a)) is a LDL-like particle with a glycoprotein called apolipoprotein (a) attached to its apolipoprotein B-100 through disulfide bond. Many case control studies have suggested that Lp (a) is strongly linked with atherogenesis and is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. This study was conducted to assess the seurm concentration of Lp (a) and its relationship between various biochemical parameters in 186 patients with chronic renal failure and 81 control subjects. Serum cholesterol levels were higher in CAPD patients and lower in hemodialysis patients than in control subjects (p$lt;0.05, 206.±40.7 & 147.5±33.9 vs. 174. 3±51.0 mg/dl). Serum triglyceride levels were higher in predialysis and CAPD patients than in control subjects (p $lt; 0.05, 150.8± 67.0 & 149.0± 78.7 vs. 115.2± 52.5 mg/dl). Serum HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower in predialysis, hemodialysis and CAPD patients than in control subjects (p$lt;0.05, 34.8±8.1, 26.8±7.7 & 37.8±11. 2 vs. 44.8±11.5mgctively). Serum LDL-cholesterol level was lower in hemodialysis patients than in control subjects (109.7±36.5 vs. 123.1±89.1 mg/ dl), but the other patients didnt show significant differences. Mean and median serum Lp (a) concentrations (in mg/dl) were significantly higher in predialysis, hemodialysis and CAPD patients than in control sub- jects (p$lt;0.05, 37.2±28.5(34.5), 48.9±130.8(18.0), 21.3±29. 8(13.5) vs. 8.9±8.3(6.9) mg/dl respectively). The distribution of Lp (a) concentrations revealed that 63.3% Of predialysis and 34.7% of hemodialysis patients had a Lp (a))30mg/dl compared with 3.7% of control subjects (p$lt;0.05). Thirteen and one half percent of CAPD patients had a Lp (a)$gt;30mg/dl compared to 3.7% for control subjects (p=0.0503). Correlation analysis were performed between Lp (a) and other variables. There were no significant correlations between Lp (a) concenttration and other variables in all groups except BUN in hemodialysis patients (p$lt;0.05, r=0.3183). Serum Apo AI was significantly lower dialysis, hemodialysis and CAPD patients than in control subjects (p $lt;0.05, 146.9±41.0, 105.3±49.7, 153.6±40.5 vs. 172. 1±43.4 mg/dl, respectively). Serum Apo B was significantly higher in predialysis and lower in hemodialysis patients than in control subjects (p$lt;0.05, 150.8±49.2, 102.0±32.8 vs. 119.8±31.5 mg/dl, respectively) and there were no significant differences between CAPD and control subjects. These resluts suggest that Lp (a) levels were increased in chronic renal failure patients and may increase the risk for coronary artery disease. And also, predialysis patients had a higher percentage of Lp (a) $gt; 30 mg/dl compared with hemodialysis and CAPD patients. These findings suggest that the kidney plays a certain role in the removal of Lp (a). However, further siudies are needed to evaluate the role of kidney to remove serum LP (a).