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1990/91년 남극하계 브렌스필드 해협 표층해수의 $\delta$/SUP 18/O와 영양염 분포
강동진,정창수,리쿠퍼,강천윤,김예동,홍기훈,KANG, DONG-JIN,CHUNG, CHANG SOO,COOPER, LEE W.,KANG, CHEONG YOON,KIM, YEA DONG,HONG, GI HOON The Korean Society of Oceanography 1992 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.27 No.3
The oxygen isotope composition of surface waters in the Bransfield Strait was determined as one extra state variable in order to characterize water masses in the region, since salinity is significantly modified due to the freezing and ice-melting in the polar region. The salinity, temperature, and $\delta$/SUP 18/O values vary from 34.0 to 34.5$\textperthousand$, -.05 to 2.1$^{\circ}C$ and -0.50 t -0.26$\textperthousand$, respectively. The combined effects of evaporation, precipitation, freezing, ice-melting are reflected in the widely scattered data. Although it is small, the distribution of $\delta$/SUP 18/O of the Bransfield Strait is strongly affected by the freezing-ice melting rather than the evaporation-precipitation. The ice melted fresh water which has higher temperature, depleted salinity and nutrients may be injected to the Bransfield Strait from the north. The concentrations of nutrients are decreasing gradually from the north to the south. The waters were characterized by two groups of higher (about 19.4) and lower N/P ratio (about 16.7). The lower N/P ratio is found in the northern part where ice-melted fresh water is injected. and the higher N/P ratio is found in the southern part of the Bransfield Strait. Although more precise work is needed, the deference of N/P ratio can be an evidence of the ice melted water injection to the Bransfield Strait. Chlorophyll a concentrations, in general, increase from northwest (Waddell Sea) to the southeast (Smith and Hosseason Islands). Probably the injection of nutrient depleted fresh water from the ice melting reduce the chlorophyll a concentration.
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Diversionary Dragons, or “Talking Tough in Taipei”: Cross-Strait Relations in the New Millennium
이탄 리,패트릭 제임스,A. 쿠퍼 드러리 동아시아연구원 2009 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.9 No.3
Much has been written on the triangular, and increasingly high-profile, China-Taiwan-US relations. However, scholars have yet to apply Diversionary Theory to the China-Taiwan dyad. DT argues that leaders may resort to international conflict when domestic political and economic situations become troublesome, aiming at directing public attention away from problems at home. While creation of explicit military conflict in the Taiwan Strait by Taipei is deemed quite unlikely, more subtle processes of diversion might be expected instead. This article applies a variant on DT to assess whether leaders in Taipei have used rhetoric about Taiwan independence or unification as a distraction from domestic problems during the years leading up to Taiwan's 2004 presidential election. We find that, as the president's approval sinks, pro-independence rhetoric becomes more likely. Overall, the results of this study confirm extension of DT to the case of Taiwan and encourage further research applied to middle powers.
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An Exchange on, “Diversionary Dragons, or ‘Talking Tough in Taipei’”
Jonathan Sullivan,이탄 리,패트릭 제임스,A. 쿠퍼 드러리 동아시아연구원 2011 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.11 No.1
In “Diversionary Dragons, or ‘Talking Tough in Taipei’” (Journal of East Asian Studies 9, 3: 369–398), Yitan Li, Patrick James, and A. Cooper Drury presented a newly created data set to show that Chen Shui used independence rhetoric and confrontation with the mainland as a diversionary tactic in the face of domestic political difficulties. In the present exchange, Jonathan Sullivan challenges the authors’ understanding of how the Democratic Progressive Party used the Taiwan independence issue—and the authors’ interpretation of independence—and raises questions about the coding of press coverage as a means of identifying true preferences. The authors respond, concluding that the future use of such diversionary tactics is by no means foreclosed.
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