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조은경 ( Jo¸ Eunkyoung ),드프레메리웨인 ( De Fremery¸ Wayne ) 한국언어문화교육학회 2021 언어와 문화 Vol.17 No.3
This study investigates Korean linguistic modernity as it is expressed by the colonial-era periodical 『Donggwang』 (Eastern Light). To compliment previous qualitative research on Korean linguistic modernity, we present a quantitative analysis of textual data associated with 『Donggwang』 made available by the National Institute of Korean History. Rather than working deductively to test any particular theory of linguistic modernity, we work inductively to describe language use in an important modern periodical. Assessing the mixed script employed in 『Donggwang』 with quantitative methods, we discern an increase in the use of Sino-Korean over the course of the periodical’s publication in the 1920s and 1930s. Information-theoretic measures of mutual information substantiate some previous claims about authors appearing in 『Donggwang』. They confirm, for example, the unsurprising fact that Kim Yungyeong is strongly associated with the study of the Korean language. They also suggest new ways to understand the disposition of Kim’s writing. For example, our analysis shows that Kim’s texts can be more easily associated with words such as gugeo (national language), gukeohak (national linguistics), gukga (nation) than words such as Joseon (Joseon Korea) or Joseoneo (Joseon language). Visualizing word embeddings and related terms substantiate previous scholarship. We confirm the term hakkyo (school) often denotes modern educational institutions, for example, and the terms munja (written characters), yeongu (research) and gwahak (science) are frequently associated. We also identify new avenues for investigation. For example, our analysis suggests the terms such as jabonjuui (capitalism), segye (world) and gonghwang (panic) are important to authors appearing in 『Donggwang』. In sum, we argue that data scientific techniques like those we employ can enrich and extend qualitative formulations of concepts such as Korean linguistic modernity. (Sogang University)
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조은경(Jo Eunkyoung),드프레메리웨인(Wayne de Fremery) 한국문화융합학회 2021 문화와 융합 Vol.43 No.10
이 연구는 1926-1934년의 간행물인 근대잡지 별건곤 이 텍스트 자료로서 가진 언어적 근대적 양상을 분석한다. 국사편찬위원회에서 제공하는 별건곤 의 기사를 모두 수집하여 데이터과학적, 언어분석적 방법을 적용하였다. 1930년대에는 논술 기사와 문학 기사가 감소한 반면, 광고 기사(소식)와 잡저는 증가하였고, 한문은 1930년대에덜 널리 사용됨을 알 수 있었다. 이것은 편집자들이 광범위한 대중적 독자층을 참여시키려는 열망을 나타낸다. DF(Document Frequency)를 사용하여, [별건곤]에 대한 이전 문헌 연구에서는 비교적 중요하게 다뤄지지 못한근대적 특성을 나타내는 단어 목록을 추출할 수 있었다. ‘비누’, ‘위스키’ 등 위생 및 문화상품 관련 단어, ‘피임’,‘로만수’(로맨스) 등 가족 및 관계 관련 단어 포함 ‘인쇄물’, ‘중앙일보’와 같은 근현대적 매체 특성을 뜻하는 단어,근대화 시기 글로벌 환경을 드러내는 ‘아라비아’, ‘외국어’와 같은 단어를 적정한 분포로 찾아내었다. 또 단어 임베딩을 시각화하여 ‘여성’과 ‘결혼’과 같은 이전 연구자들이 [별건곤]에 관해 많이 논의한 주제어뿐만 아니라 이전 연구에서 간과된 많은 개념 단어를 드러낸다. ‘도시화’와 ‘산업’, 그리고 ‘노동’과 ‘노동자’ 등이 그러하다. 이러한 단어들은 별건곤 을 통해 식민지 시기 근대화 과정의 특성을 이해하는 새로운 관점을 제안한다. 또한 별건곤 의 근대적 특성의 단어들이 현대어 언어 모델을 기반으로 하여서도 여전히 예측 가능한 개념적 단어임을 보여준다. This study investigates Korean textual modernity as expressed by the colonial-era periodical[Byeolgeongon]. To compliment previous qualitative research associated with the periodical, wepresent a quantitative analysis of textual data associated with [Byeolgeongon] made available bythe National Institute of Korean History. We discern that over the run of [Byeolgeongon] between1926 and 1934 the number of full-length articles (nonsul) and literary works decrease while gossip(sosik) and miscellaneous articles (jabjeo) increase. The use of Sino-Korean also decreases overthe run of the journal. We hypothesize that these patterns suggest a desire on the part of editorsto engage a broad popular readership. Using DF (Document Frequency), we retrieve a list of wordsthat helps to reveal aspects of Korean textual modernity overlooked by previous research on[Byeolgeongon]. Our analysis suggests the importance of words associated with hygiene andcultural products in [Byeolgeongon], such as ‘binu’(soap) and ‘wisuki’(whiskey). Words associatedwith family and relationships, such as ‘piim’(contraception) and ‘romansu(romance), media products,such as ‘inswaemul’(printed materials) and ‘Jungang ilbo’(Jungang Daily News), and globalperspectives, such as ‘Arabia’(Arabia) and ‘oegukeo’(foreign language), also formulate Korean textualmodernity as expressed by [Byeolgeongon]. Visualizing word embeddings, we discover relationshipsthat previous scholars have discussed, such as associations between ‘yeoseong’(woman) and‘gyeolhon’(marriage), but also many relationships that previous scholars have overlooked in thecontext of [Byeolgeongon], such as ‘dosihwa’(urbanization) and ‘saneop’(industry), as well as‘nodong’(labor) and ‘nodongja’(laborers). These relationships suggest new avenues for understandingKorean textual modernity as expressed by [Byeolgeongon]. Additionally, we confirm that thesewords can be inferred using Korean Language Understanding Evaluation models, suggesting thatthe words can also help to organize our conceptual understanding of textual modernity in Korea
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