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A Scenario Study on Mixing Strategies of Fast Reactor with Low and High Conversion Ratios
정창준,조창근,노재만 한국원자력학회 2013 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.45 No.3
This study investigated mixing scenarios of the low and high conversion ratios (CRs) of fast reactors (FRs). The fuel cycle was modeled so as to minimize the spent fuel (SF) or transuranics (TRU) inventories. The scenarios were modeled for a single low CR of 0.61 and a high CR of 1.0. The study also investigated the mixing scenario of low-high CR and/or high-low CR. The SF and TRU inventories, associated with different scenarios, were compared to those of the light water reactor (LWR)once-through (OT) case. Also, the important isotope concentration and long-term heat (LTH) load were calculated and compared to those of the OT cycle. As a result, it is known that the deployment of FRs of low CR burns more TRU and results in a reduction of the out-of-pile TRU inventory and LTH with low deployment capacity. This study shows that the mixing strategy of FRs of low and high CR can reduce the SF and TRU inventories with lower deployment capacity as compared with a single deployment of FRs of high CR.
디지털휴먼 구성요소의 SW 패키지 관리를 위한 분산신원증명 기반 아바타 명세서 검증 기법
최창준,김현수,박경엽,노창현,신동명 한국소프트웨어감정평가학회 2023 한국소프트웨어감정평가학회 논문지 Vol.19 No.4
메타버스 환경에서 활용되는 3D 아바타는 가상공간 내에서 사용자의 개성을 표현하는 주요 매개체로 활용된다. 이러한 아바타는 단순한 외모 데이터가 아니라 다양한 구성요소로 이루어져 있어 사칭 및 도용과 같은사이버범죄에 활용되지 않도록 체계적인 관리가 필요하다. 하지만, 중앙 집중식으로 사용자 개인정보 및 아바타 관련 정보를 관리하는 메타버스 환경에서 사이버범죄 사례가 증가하면서 보안 문제가 대두되고 있다. 이에 따라, 본 논문에서는 분산신원증명 기술을 활용하여 아바타 소유자가 개인정보와 아바타 정보를 안전하게관리하고, 이를 메타버스 환경에서 신뢰할 수 있는 방법으로 검증할 수 있는 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된기법에서 활용되는 아바타 명세서는 3D 아바타 파일 정보를 BoM(Bill of Materials) 형태로 제공하여 아바타의 상업적 이용과 무단 재배포·수정 가능 여부를 검증할 수 있도록 하며, 서비스 제공자인 메타버스 플랫폼에서는 이를 통해 아바타 소유자의 신원 일치성을 검증할 수 있다. The 3D avatar used in the metaverse environment is used as a main medium for expressing the user's personality within the virtual space. These avatars are not just appearance data, but are composed of various components, so systematic management is needed to prevent them from being used for cybercrime such as impersonation and theft. However, security issues are emerging as cybercrime cases increase in a metaverse environment that centrally manages user personal information and avatar-related information. Accordingly, this paper proposes a way for avatar owners to safely manage personal information and avatar information using distributed identity verification technology and verify it in a reliable way in a metaverse environment. The avatar specification used in the proposed technique provides 3D avatar file information in the form of a bill of materials (BoM) to verify the commercial use of avatars and whether they can be redistributed or modified without permission, and the service provider, the metaverse platform, can verify the identity consistency of the avatar owner.
보안등급 기반 분산신원증명을 활용한 지능형 접근 제어 시스템
김현수,최창준,박경엽,노창현,신동명 한국소프트웨어감정평가학회 2023 한국소프트웨어감정평가학회 논문지 Vol.19 No.4
Facing the recent surge in data volume and increasing complexity of systems, organizations are confronted with data security challenges. The average cost of data breaches has risen, leading businesses to recognize the heightened importance of data access control. However, existing data access control systems restrict users' access and require the submission of credentials to obtain specific permissions. In such cases, individuals' credentials are managed by others, posing limitations in promptly adapting to external changes. In this paper, we propose a intelligent access control system using security level-based decentralized identity (DID). Through this system, users directly manage their credentials, and in the event of new authorization requirements due to external changes, the reinforcement learning model automatically selects the necessary credentials. Furthermore, the proposed system meets security requirements, including confidentiality, integrity, and non-repudiation, through verifiable credentials and presentations. Future advancements can be achieved by applying not only reinforcement learning but also incorporating novel artificial intelligence models to enhance decentralized identity technology. 최근 데이터의 폭증과 시스템의 복잡성 증가로 데이터 유출 문제에 직면하고 있다. 데이터 유출 대응을 위한 평균 비용의 상승으로 기업은 데이터 접근 제어의 중요성을 보다 크게 인식하고 있다. 그러나 기존 데이터 접근 제어 시스템은 사용자의 데이터 접근 및 사용을 제한하고 있으며, 접근하기 위해서는 자격증명을 제출하여 특정 권한을 획득해야 한다. 이러한 경우 개인의 자격증명은 타인에 의해 관리되며, 외부 상황에 신속하게 대처하기 힘든 한계가 존재한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 보안등급 기반 분산신원증명을 활용한 지능형 접근 제어 시스템을 제안한다. 본 시스템을 통해 사용자는 본인이 직접 자격증명을 관리하며, 외부 변화로 인한새로운 권한 필요 시 강화학습 모델을 통해 필요한 자격증명을 자동으로 선택할 수 있다. 또한 본 시스템은검증 가능한 자격증명 및 프레젠테이션을 통해 기밀성, 무결성, 부인방지의 보안 요구사항을 충족한다. 향후강화학습 뿐만 아닌 새로운 인공지능 모델을 적용하여 분산신원증명 기술을 고도화할 수 있다.
Enflurane으로 전신 마취시 경막외 시험 용량으로서 Isoproterenol의 효율성
이상철,홍정은,노창준 대한마취과학회 1999 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.37 No.2
Background: The efficacy of an epidural test dose for detecting inadvertent intravascular injection during general anesthesia with volatile anesthetics has not been clearly determined. The object of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a simulated intravenous isoproterenol test dose in adult patients anesthetized with O_2-N_2O-enflurane. Methods: Forty-five healthy adult patients were anesthetized with 1 vol% enflurane and nitrous oxide after endotracheal intubation and were randomized to one of three groups according to the dose of isoproterenol. Isoproterenol 1, 2 and 3 ㎍ groups (n = 15 each) received 3 ml of 2% lidocaine with 1, 2 and 3 ㎍ isoproterenol Ⅳ respectively, to simulate an intravascularly administered test dose. HR and systolic blood pressure were measured at 20-s intervals for 4 min after injection. Results: Mean maximal heart rate increases were 15 ± 8, 21 ± 8, and 27 ± 10 bpm (mean ± SD) in the isoproterenol 1, 2 and 3 ㎍ groups, respectively. Isoproterenol 3 ㎍ produced 100% sensitivity in the modified (≥ 10 bpm increase) HR criteria and 67% sensitivity in the conventional (≥ 20 bpm increase) HR criteria. Conclusions: To determine whether an epidural catheter may be in a blood vessel, various vasoactive drugs are often administered. The epidural test dose containing 3 ㎍ isoproterenol might be a reliable marker for intravascular injection based on the modified HR criterion. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1999; 37: 240~246)
김정수,정익수,김지애,곽미숙,노창준,황병문 대한마취과학회 1999 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.37 No.6
Background : Internal jugular vein access is an essential part of patient management in many clinical settings and is usually achieved with a blind, anatomical landmark-guided technique. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether a 2-dimensional ultrasound technique can improve on the traditional method. Methods : Eighty patients undergoing elective open heart surgery were randomly assigned to an anatomical landmark group or ultrasound group (each n = 40). With the patient in the supine position, the head was rotated 30o to the contralateral side and triangle formed by the clavicle and both heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle were identified. We accessed the internal jugular vein from the apex of the triangle toward the ipsilateral nipple in the anatomical landmark group. The internal jugular vein and carotid artery were visualized with two-dimensional ultrasound. We compared the number of advances made with the central venous cannulation needle, the time to blood aspiration, complications and failure rate. Results : The failure rate was 22.5% using the anatomical landmark technique and 5% using the ultrasound technique. The vein was entered on the first attempt in 60% of patients using the landmark technique and in 63% using ultrasound (P>0.05). Mean attempts for puncture were 1.9 (anatomical) vs 1.6 (ultrasound-guided) (P>0.05). Complications occurred in 20% of cases using anatomical landmarks and in 5% using ultrasound (P>0.05). The average access time was 26.5 seconds by the anatomical approach and 56 seconds by the ultrasound approach (P< 0.05). Conclusions : Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein did not significantly decrease failure rate, access time, complications, and attempts for puncture, nor did it increase the amount of successful first attempts. However an investigation using a larger number of patients will be needed. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1999; 37: 961∼965)