Detection of Aflatoxins in Soybean Food by HPLC

김영국,노정구,Kim, Young-Kook,Roh, Jung-Koo Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 1985 한국식품과학회지 Vol.17 No.4

고속액체 크로마토 그라피에 CN컬럼과 분리용매로 핵산-테트라 하이드로퓨란-아이소프로필알콜-물을 사용하고 형광 검출기의 검출관에 리클로솔브로 채워 아플라톡신 $B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, $G_2$를 분리 정량하었다. 이 조건에서 아플라톡신 $B_1$의 최저 검출한계는 0.2ng이었다. 대량생산 대두발효 식품과 메주에서 아플라톡신함량을 조시하였고, 대두 발효식품에서 사용되는 균주의 아폴라톡신 생성능을 알아보았다. TLC에서는 아플라톡신 유사물질이 검출되었지만 HPLC에서 아플라톡신이 아닌 것으로 나타났다. 시험한 균주의 아폴라톡신의 생성능은 없었다. Aflatoxin $B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, and $G_2$were quantitatively detected by the high pressure liquid chromatography on a Micropak-CN column, with Hexane-THF-IPA-water, using a Lichrosorbpacked flowceil in the fluorometric detector. Under those conditions, the minimum detectable amount of aflatoxin $B_1$ was 0.2 ng. HPLC was used in determining amount of aflatoxins in the commercially manufactured soybean food and home-made Meju. Aflatoxin producing abilities of strains used in the industrially fermented soybean food were also studied with the HPLC technique. Although aflatoxin-like substances were detected in a few samples on TLC, they were not identified with the HPLC retention times of standard aflatoxins. The commercial fungal strains used in Korea had no aflatoxin producing abilities.

복합항생제 SM-101 ( 설박탐 , 메탐피실린 ) 의 생식독성연구 랫트 수태능력시험

정문구(Moon Koo Chung),송시환(Si Whan Song),노정구(Jung Koo Roh) 한국응용약물학회 1996 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.4 No.1

A new composite antibiotic, SM-101(sulbactam·metampicillin), was at dose levels of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 ㎎/㎏/day administered intravenously to Sprague-Dawley male rats from premating to mating period and to females from premating to early gestation period. Effects of test agent on general findings and reproductive performance of parent animals and embryonic development were examined. In male parents, two deaths occurred at 1000 ㎎/㎏. The increase in kidney weight of the 1000 ㎎/㎏ group were also observed. The decrease in body weight and food consumption were found at 500 and 1000 ㎎/㎏. The decrease in spleen weight were seen at 250, 500 and 1000 ㎎/㎏. In female parents, three deaths were found at 1000 ㎎/㎏. Mating performance and fertility of parent animals were not adversely affected by all doses tested. F1 fetuses showed no changes related to treatment of SM-101. The results show that the no effect dose level(NOEL) for general toxicity of parent animals is under 250 ㎎/㎏/day and NOELs for reproductive capability and fetal development are over 1000 ㎎/㎏/day.

살균제 Tricyclazole에 대한 안전성 평가 (I)

황인영,최의주,노정구,Hwang, In-Young,Choi, Eui-Ju,Roh, Jung-Koo 한국환경농학회 1985 한국환경농학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Tricyclazole을 수확전 $90{\sim}40$일에 $2{\sim}3$회 처리한 작물과 토양중에서의 수확시 잔류되는 tricyclazole의 양은 각각 현미가 $0.37{\sim}0.46ppm$, 백미가 $0.29{\sim}0.39ppm$, 볏짚이 $0.14{\sim}0.30ppm$ 및 토양이 $0.15{\sim}0.19ppm$이었다. 담수조건하에서의 tricyclazole의 분해 양상은 처리후 $2{\sim}3$주까지 비교적 빠른 속도로 분해가 진행되다가 그 이후로는 안전한 속도로 분해되었으며 그 때의 반감기는 $140{\sim}180$일이었다. 또한 토양 미생물의 생균수에 미치는 영향은 거의 없었으며 Salmonella, Saccharomyces 등을 이용한 돌연변이성 유무 실험에서는 대조구와 별차이가 없었다. Fate of tricyclazole in rice paddy system was studied. The effect on soil microorganism as well as the mutagenicity of the compound was also examined. The residues of tricyclazole in crops and soil with two times application before harvest were 0.37 in unpolished rice, 0.29 in polished rice, 0.14 in rice straw, and 0.15 ppm in paddy soil. With three times of application the residues were increased to 0.46, 0.39, and 0.19 ppm, respectively. Until $2{\sim}3$ weeks after treatment of pesticide the degradation of tricyclazole was progressed comparatively but very slowly afterward and the half life of that was about $140{\sim}180$ days. There was no effect for viable count of soil microorganisms and for mutagenic test by Salmonella and Saccharomyces systems.

새로운 안트라사이클린계 항암제 DA-125 의 생식독성연구 토끼 최기형시험

정문구(Moon Koo Chung),김종춘(Jong Choon Kim),한상섭(Sang Seop Han),노정구(Jung Koo Roh) 한국응용약물학회 1995 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.3 No.1

DA-125, a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, was administered at dose levels of 0, 0.2, 0.6 and 1.8 mg/kg/day intravenously to pregnant New Zealand White rabbits from day 6 through 18 of gestation. The does were subjected to the caesarean section on day 28 of gestation. Effects of test agent on general toxicity of does and embryonic development of F1 fetuses were examined. At 1.8 mg/kg, the organ weight for ovary of does was significantly decreased. The decrease in the number of corpus lutea, implantations and litter size, and the increase in the rate of resorptions were also observed. In addition, various types of external, visceral and skeletal malformations occurred in fetuses at an incidence of 7.7, 7.7 and 20.6 %, respectively. The results show that the no effect dose levels (NOELs) of DA-125 are 0.6 mg/kg/day for does and F1 fetuses.

ICR 마우스와 SD 랫드의 제왕절개 태자에 있어서 체중과 골화와의 상관성

정문구(Moon Koo Chung),김정란(Jeong Ran Kim),한상섭(Sang Seop Han),노정구(Jung Koo Roh) 한국실험동물학회 1993 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.9 No.1

새로운 안트라사이클린계 항암제 DA-125 의 생식독성연구 랫트 주산기 및 수유기시험

정문구(Moon Koo Chung),이순복(Soon Bok Lee),한상섭(Sang Seop Han),노정구(Jung Koo Roh) 한국응용약물학회 1995 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.3 No.1

DA-125, a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, was administered at dose levels of 0, 0.04, 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg/day intravenously to pregnant and subsequently delivered Sprague-Dawley rats from day 17 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. Effects of test agent on general toxicity of dams and growth, behaviour and mating performance of F1 offspring were examined. At 1 mg/kg, one out of the twenfytwo dams showed difficult delivery, characterised by a stillbirth. Reduction in body weight, loss in food intake, and decrease in spleen weight were also observed in dams. In addition, the lower rates of successful performances in memory test (28.6%) and necrosis of tail end (9.5%) were seen in F1 offspring. At 0.04 and 0.2 mg/kg, no toxic effect on dams and F1 offspring was observed. There were no malformed F1 and F2 fetuses in all groups. The results indicate that the no effect dose levels(NOELs) of DA-125 are 0.2 mg/kg/day for dams and F1 offspring, and over 1 mg/kg/day for F2 fetuses.

농약에 대한 담수산 어류 ( 잉어 : Cyprinus carpio , 송사리 : Oryzias latipes , 일본산 송사리 : Oryzias latipes ) 의 약제 감수성 비교

이성규,신천철,노정구 ( Sung Kyu Lee,Chun Chul Shin,Jung Koo Roh ) 한국환경농학회 1987 한국환경농학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Sensitivity of the three freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio, Oryzias latipes (wildtype indigenous to Korea), and O. latipes (Japanese killifish) to 30 pesticide formulations were studied in terms of 48 hr LC_50 determined with the static method. The correlation between C. carpio and O. latipes (Japanese killifish) was higher than that between C. carpio and O. latipes with correlation coefficients of 0.89 and 0.80, respectively. The sensitivity of O. latipes and O. latipes (Japanese killifish) to pesticides showed very high correlation with a coefficient of 0.93. Therefore, it is suggested that the acute toxicity data concerning O. latipes (Japanese killifish) could represent those C. carpio or O. latipes which are indigenous species in Korea. Also, it is found that the present protocol for the toxicity test with carp in Korea has difficulties in maintaining the proper concentration of dissolved oxygen in the test chamber because of the abrupt decrease of dissolved oxygen to 2mg/l, which is not acceptable according to general guidelines of foreign countries.

농약에 대한 송사리 생육단계별 감수성의 변화

신천철,이성규,김영배,김용화,노정구,Shin, Chun-Chul,Lee, Sung-Kyu,Kim, Young-Bae,Kim, Young-Hwa,Roh, Jung-Koo 한국환경농학회 1987 한국환경농학회지 Vol.6 No.1

살충제 diazinon과 fenitrothion 및 제초제 butachlor에 대하여, continuous flow system하에서 송사리 생육단계별 감수성 비교를 위한 96시간 급성 독성 실험을 한 결과와 model agrosystem에서 실제 관행량의 butachlor를 살포하여 물속의 butachlor의 농도와 공시어의 각 생육단계별 치사율을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 가. 농약의 종류에 관계없이 송사리의 가장 민감한 생육단계는 부화후 1주일 경과된 치어시기 즉 stage IV이었다. 나. Continuous flow system하에서 송사리 생육단계별로 96시간 급성독성 실험을 한 결과 유기인계 살충제인 diazinon의 극한치 비율은 21.4이며 fenitrothion의 경우 비율은 8.4이었고, 제초제 butachlor의 극한치 비율은 23.9로서 가장 높은 극한치 비율이 측정되었다. 따라서 3종의 농약중 가장 감수성이 높은 시기에서 가장 낮은 $96h-LC_{50}$값을 나타낸것은 butachlor로서 독성이 강함이 관찰되었다. 다. 논물에서의 butachlor는 살포 2일후 최고치에 도달한 후 반감기는 토양+물에 butachlor를 처리한 군이 6.1일 물에만 butachlor를 처리한 군은 9.7일로 나타났고, butachlor의 용출 및 분해에는 토양에 의한 영향이 컸다. 라. 생육단계별 및 처리별 공시어의 치사율은 통계적으로 유의성이 인정되었으며, 생육단계 별로는 stageⅣ 및 Ⅷ이 가장 butachlor에 대한 감수성이 높았다. 따라서 실제 논에서 butachlor를 관행 시용량을 살포 했을 때 송사리의 생육초기단계에는 많은 영향을 받을 것으로 예상된다. 결국, 농약등의 화학물질에 대한 어류의 생육단계에 따른 감수성 변화는 선택된 어종과 chemical에 따라서 다소의 차이는 있으나 발육 초기단계인 초기 post-larva시기에서 감수성이 가장 높게 나타난다고 사료된다. 따라서 화학물질의 환경독성 평가에 있어서 급성어독성외에 화학물질에 대한 민감도가 높은 시기인 초기생육단계에 미치는 영향도 함께 평가되어야 한다고 생각된다. Sensitivity, expressed in the $96h-LC_{50}$ determined with continuous flow system, was compared for eight developmental stages of Oryzias latipes with butachlor, diazinon and fenitrothion. Significance of the laboratory determined $96h-LC_{50}$ in real field situation was evaluated for butachlor using outdoor model agrosystem. In the laboratory tests, the most sensitive stage was post-larva stage IV(7 days after hatching) with $96h-LC_{50}$ of 0.14, 1.4, and 1.6ppm for butachlor, diazinon and fenitrothion, respectively, whereas the least sensitive stage was early embryo stage(1 day after fertilization), and then the susceptibility was somewhat stable after 21days after hatching. In the model agrosystem test, the highest concentration of 0.53ppm of butachlor in water was obtained at the 2nd day after application. The stages IV and VIII showed mortality of over 50% at 96 hours after application. It is concluded that the conventional use of butachlor in the field would cause significant adverse effect on O. latipes. It is suggested that sensitivity test at the early life stages with fish is an important part of the ecotoxicological assessment of chemicals.

Methylcellulose의 경구 및 정맥내 반복 투여가 SD랫드의 간장, 비장 및 신장에 미치는 독성학적인 영향

송시환,강부현,한상섭,노정구,이창업,Song, Si-whan,Kang, Boo-hyun,Han, Sang-seop,Roh, Jung-koo,Lee, Chang-eup 대한수의학회 1996 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.36 No.1

This experiment was carried out to study the toxic effect of solublized methylcellulose (MC). Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with 1%(w/v) MC in 0.9% saline by gavage at a dose of 10ml/kg b.w/day or by intravenous injection at a dose of 5ml/kg b.w/day for 28 days. Clinical signs were observed once a day. Body weights, water and food consumptions were measured and urinalysis was performed several times during the experiment. Rats were sacrificed on days 3, 7, 15 and 28 for hematology, blood chemistry, organ weights and histopathology. The relative weight of the spleen and foamy cells of the spleen were increased in the gavage group. Body weight gain, food consumptions, the values of RBC, Hb, MCH, Hct, serum proteins, glucose, bilirubin, AST, and ALP were decreased in I.V. treatment group. On the other hand, water consumptions, the values of serum cholesterol, creatinine, and BUN were increased. Microscopic findings were granulomas, distended sinusoids, and hypertrophy of Kupffer cells with vacuoles in the liver. Spleen exhibited granuloma, increased extramedullary hematopoiesis, and congestion. Kidney exhibited foamy cells in the glomeruli, distension of the tubules. The findings appeared more severe when the treatment was extended. In conclusion, MC solution is not a safe vehicle for intravenous administration because of the toxic effects on the liver, kidney and spleen. In addition, a long-term and large dosage of oral administration of MC appears to be unsafe also and needs to be investigated further.

Formaldehyde 가스 흡입에 의한 마우스의 급성독성 및 소핵 유발성에 관한 연구

김충용,김균,심점순,김용화,노정구,Kim, Choong-Yong,Kim, Kyun,Shim, Jeom-Soon,Kim, Yong-Hwa,Roh, Jung-Koo 한국독성학회 1991 Toxicological Research Vol.7 No.1

The acute and genetic effect of formaldehyde on mice through inhalation route was studied. The Riley's chamber with one stack of cage was used for the exposure and the micronucleus test was performed under unprecedently maximum exposure concentration. LC50's of formaldehyde in mice by whole body exposure for 4 hours were 105.5 ppm with 95% confidence interval of 72.6 ppm and 143.2 ppm for male, and 159.2 ppm with 95% confidence interval of 116.5 ppm and 272.7 ppm for female. Cinicial symptoms by acute exposure were salivation, lacrimation, and abnormal respiration.