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정부지원 R&D의 중소기업 기술 및 고용 성과에 대한 연구
노용환,홍성철,Noh, Yong-Hwan,Hong, Sung Cheol 기술경영경제학회 2016 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.24 No.2
본 연구는 정부의 중소기업 R&D 지원 사업에 대한 효과를 개별 사업체 수준자료를 활용하여 추정하였다. 2010년도 정부 R&D 지원 사업에 참여한 업체의 기술성과, 민간 R&D 유인효과, 고용효과를 사업체 수준에서 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정부의 중소기업에 대한 R&D 투자(규모 및 건수)는 국내 특허 등록 실적에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 국내외 특허 등록 실적은 자산규모가 큰 사업체일수록 많은 것으로 나타났으나, 정부투자 연구사업 주관업체의 기술성과는 공동 위탁 참여업체에 비해 오히려 낮은 것으로 추정되었다. 둘째, 정부의 R&D 정책은 민간 R&D 인센티브와 보완적 기능을 가지고 있는 것으로 추정되었으며, 정부 R&D 투자 1% 증가는 사업 종료 후 민간업체의 R&D 지출을 비탄력적으로(0.193~0.245%) 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 정부의 R&D 지원이 참여기업의 고용 성장에 기여한 것으로 나타났다. 특히, R&D 지원의 고용에 대한 성과가 기업규모 및 기술수준별로 차이를 보임에 따라 정부의 R&D 정책에 있어 기업의 특성을 고려한 차별적 지원이 필요하다. This paper used individual establishment level data to estimate the effects of government support for the research and development of 'small and medium enterprises'(SMEs). We analyzed, on the establishment level, the degree of technical advancement, strength of private R&D incentives, and the effect on employment levels of firms which participated in the 2010 government R&D support project. The results of this study are as follows. First, the size and frequency of government investment in the R&D of SMEs were both positively correlated with the amount of patent registrations. Furthermore, we found that the amount of patent registrations were positively correlated with the size of the establishments, but the average level of technological advancement for the firms running the research was lower than the average level of technological advancement for the firms merely participating in the project. Second, the government's R&D policy was found to be complementary to private R&D incentives, and a 1% increase in government R&D investment resulted in an inelastic increase (0.193~0.245%) of the firms' post-program R&D spending. Third, we found that R&D support from the government contributed to an increase of employment by the participating firms. Additionally, we found that the impact of R&D support on job creation varied for the firm size and technological characteristics. Therefore, it is important for governments to take into consideration each type of small business, when setting R&D policies.
노용환(Yong-Hwan Noh) 한국경제연구학회 2017 한국경제연구 Vol.35 No.3
평균적인 OECD 국가에 비해 우리나라는 취업취약계층의 고용정책에 있어 질보다는 양, 고용창출보다는 고용유지에 많은 자원을 배분하고 있는 국가로 평가되고 있다. 우리나라 고용안정사업의 ‘사중손실’(deadweight loss)을 제외한 ‘순정책 개입 효과’는 ‘고용촉진지원금사업’이 9.24%, ‘고용유지지원사업’의 경우는 6.34%에 불과한 것으로 추정되었다. 일자리 사업의 사중손실 원인을 규명하기 위해 개인별 일자리 이행행렬(transition matrix)을 구성하였는데, 남자보다는 여자가, 젊은 층보다는 나이가 많을수록 일자리사업의 반복 참여가 많으며, 특히 40~50대 여성의 일자리사업 반복 참여가 다른 연령층 및 남성에 비해 많았다. 그러나 일자리사업 참여자 중 재취업 성공 비율이 28%에 불과하며, 그나마 재취업자의 고용유지 기간이 1년을 초과하는 경우는 27.5%에 불과하다. 또한 일자리사업 참여자의 직종 간 이동이 크지 않고, 재취업에 성공하기까지의 평균 소요일수도 일자리사업 종료 이후 157일로 나타났다. 취업취약계층에 대한 고용정책의 사중손실을 줄이기 위해서는 기존 근로자의 고용유지보다는 고용촉진에 상대적으로 많은 자원배분이 이루어져야 하며, 사업대상 업체 선정 시 한계기업의 선별 제거를 통해 고용 창출과 유지의 제고에 주의를 기울여야 한다. 또한 정부의 일자리사업은 정책홍보, 수요자 조사, 상담을 통해 수혜자의 사업접근성 제고를 유도함으로써 실질적 고용 증가가 이루어질 수 있도록 설계되어야 한다. The net policy intervention effect of the employment stabilization program in Korea, was estimated to be only 9.24% for the employment promotion support program and 6.34% for the employment support program. In order to clarify the causes of deadweight loss of active labor market policy, a transition matrix associated with the participants was constructed. It was observed that repeat participation was more common for the older rather than younger, and for the female rather than males. In particular, women in their 40s and 50s were more likely to participate in the program than other age groups and men. However, only 28% of respondents were successful in reemployment, and only 27.5% of those with more than one year of employment remain. In addition, the average number of participants’ industry transition was insignificant, and the average number of days until successful reemployment was 157 days after the completion of the program. In order to secure the employment of the employment-vulnerable groups, it is necessary to allocate a relatively large amount of resources to employment promotion rather than maintaining the employment of existing workers, and careful attention should be paid to enhancement of job creation and maintenance through screening marginal firms. In addition, the government’s employment policy for the employment-vulnerable groups should be designed based on policy promotion, survey, and consulting, so that the actual employment rate can be increased by encouraging beneficiary’s access to the policy.
노용환 ( Yong Hwan Noh ) 명지대학교 금융지식연구소 2011 금융지식연구 Vol.9 No.2
녹색성장기업은 기술의 외부경제 효과는 크지만 사업화에 대한 불확실성이 높아 시장기능에 의한 자금조달이 원활하지 못하여 금융시장 실패에 직면할 가능성이 높다. 이에 정부는 담보나 재무상태보다는 기술우위 경쟁력을 확보한 유망 녹색기업에 대한 투자재원의 안정적 조달을 위해 녹색금융을 정책적으로 지원하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 녹색기술 기업에 대한 설문조사 결과와 이들 기업의 재무자료를 연계하여 녹색금융이 고용창출, 기술력, 영업경쟁력 등 기업 성과에 미치는 영향을 실증 분석하였다. 그 결과 녹색기술금융지원의 고용증가 효과가 투자를 통한 간접경로를 통해 재무등급보다는 기술우위가 높은 성장기 기업에서 유의하게 나타나고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이 과정에서 특허건수 증가 등 기술지원성과도 가시화되는 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 기업의 실질적인 기술경쟁력과 영업경쟁력은 단기에 시현되지 않았다. 향후 녹색기업에 대한 금융지원은 성장단계에 따라 차별화될 필요가 있다. 사업 초기에 시장기능으로 해결할 수 없는 부분은 공적금융이 나서서 도와주되 성숙기에 들어선 기업의 경우 녹색금융같은 정책금융보다는 자본시장을 활용하여 장기·위험자본의 조달이 용이하도록 하는 금융수단과 체계를 개발할 필요가 있다. Green growth policy intends to achieve sustainable economic development by resolving environment problem and overcoming the limitation of fossil fuel. However, commercial banks have difficulty in serving green industries because green technology is uncertain about their success in the near future. Although green growth firms have positive technological externality in our economy, financial market failure seems to be inevitable because it is expected that commercial banks depend their lending decisions on the firms` collateral rather than credits associated with promising projects. Therefore, green finance has been devised to support green growth firms. This study investigates how green finance sponsored by the public sectors affected performance of beneficiaries. The estimation results using 1,852 Korean SMEs show that, other things being equal, green finance has significantly positive employment-increasing effects on SMEs. The positive employment effect is stronger for the green firms in their growth phase. However, we failed to show technological competitiveness of the green firms in the short-run green finance. We suggest that support for the green firms needs to be differentiated according to the firms` growth stages. While public green finance is essential for the firms in their early growth stages, equity financing seems to be more appropriate for the firms in their matured stage.
한반도에서 독일식 사회보장제도 통합은 가능한가: 통일 환경과 정책선택의 검토
노용환 ( Noh Yong-hwan ) 한국보건사회연구원 2016 保健社會硏究 Vol.36 No.2
This study investigates the possibility of a German way of social security integration in the Korean peninsula. Unlike German reunification where the Western system of social security and welfare replaced that of the East within a short period of time after the unification, it is much less obvious that the South Korea is playing a dominant role for North Korea. Considering our estimation of the capital costs of social security integration under various circumstances and assumptions, a hasty decision about the full-scale integration of social security system prior to North`s taking matured market economic principles is far from desirable. A rapid integration may cause delay in economic and social union. We proposed that short-term social security support for the protection of basic livelihood security of the North Korean immediately after reunification is required. Emergency welfare assistance system including minimum living expense guaranteed and health protection for the people from the North right after the reunification should be promoted. Also, to prevent disorder caused by the probable exodus from the North to the South predicted with the reunification, it is very important to prepare a policy that induces North Koreans to voluntarily remain and work in the North.
노용환 ( Yong-hwan Noh ) 한국금융연구원 2017 한국경제의 분석 Vol.23 No.2
Retaining and creating jobs are the important contribution of the support for SMEs. Researches for now, however, have been focused only on the study of the creation of new jobs to see the employment performance of various government policies. In this study, applying credit guarantee service, we estimated employment retention effect as well as the new employment creation effect by the propensity score matching estimation. Kaplan-Meier survival ratios show that credit guarantee (hereafter, CG) does have a significantly positive effect on retaining jobs. We find that the smaller the firm size, the greater the contribution to the employment retention. However, the retention effect is not sustainable in the long-run. In the case of the construction industry, the survival effect and the employment retention effect of the credit guarantee, regardless of the short or long term, did not appear. The current employment impact assessment by the government assumes no employment performance if there is no new job creation. If the policy enforcement keeps the employment of individual beneficiaries on an ongoing basis or the likelihood of employment retention increases as the probability of survival of business increases, even if no additional employment has occurred, it should be evaluated as employment performance.