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2 Simple Planetary Gears 방식 자동변속기를 장착한 차량의 성능해석
남경표(K.P.Nam),고대경(D.K.Ko),이승종(S.J.Yi) 한국자동차공학회 1997 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.6_1
In this study, the performance analysis of the vehicle equipped with the 2 simple planetary gears type automatic transmission has been carried out. It is necessary to understand the overall system including engine, torque converter, clutch, planetary gears, shift transient characteristics and road load. The equations of motion are derived from the dynamic model. An integrated computer simulation program has been developed to analyze the powertrain performance of the vehicle with the 2 simple planetary gears type automatic transmission.<br/>
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김인찬(I-C Kim),남경표(K-P Nam),서영덕(Y-D Seo),이승종(S-J Yi) 한국자동차공학회 1996 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1996 No.11_1
The powertrain including automatic transmission or manual"transmission largely affects the overall performance of the vehicle. Therefore understanding the trend of the important design parameters. acceleration performance, fuel consumption ratio, etc. is very important. In this study, the modeling of the powertrain is carried out and the performance analysis methods are presented including LA-4 mode. The GUI computer simulation program has been developed to analyze the powertrain performance of the vehicle. The results can be used for performance estimation in the analysis for the several combinations of engines and transmissions.
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열처리 단백질-광물질 복합제제 첨가가 In Vitro 발효성상과 착유우의 유량 및 유성분에 미치는 영향
최낙진,배귀석,남경표,장문백,엄재상,고종렬,하종규 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.5
본 연구의 in vitro 실험결과를 살펴보면, 배양액의 pH와 암모니아 생성량은 전 배양시간 동안 처리구간 통계적 유의차가 없었다. Total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate 생성량은 12 h에서 HPM을 0.2%, 1% 첨가한 시험구에서 대조구와 비교하여 증가하는 경향이 있었으나, 2% 첨가구에서는 오히려 감소되었고, 48 h 에서는 HPM 첨가한 세 처리구에서 대조구와 비교하여 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 반면에, 다른 배양시간대에서는 처리구간 통계적 유의차는 발견되지 않았다. A/P ratio 경우에도 처리구간 유의차는 없었다. 총 gas 생성량은 배양시간 24 h과 48 h에 HPM 처리구에서 대조구와 비교하여 증가하였다 (P<0.05). 한편 사양실험은 열처리된 단백질 (대두박)과 광물질의 복합 제제 (HPM)가 젖소의 유생산량과 유성분에 끼치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었는데 그 결과를 요약하면, 유생산량은 대조구와 비교하여 HPM 시험구에서 하루에 약 1㎏ 정도 더 높았고 (27. 7 vs 28.8 ㎏/d, P<0.001), 4% FCM 생성량 또한 대조구와 비교하여 볼 때 HPM 시험구에서 1.3㎏/d 이 더 높았다 (P<0.001). 유단백 (P<0.05)과 SNF (P<0.05)도 대조구와 비교하여 HPM 시험구에서 그 생산량이 증가되었다. 반면에, 유지방, MUN과 체세포수는 처리구간 통계적 유의차가 발견되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 보아, HPM 첨가에 의한 반추위 발효 저해현상은 없었으며, HPM 내 함유되어 있는 열처리된 단백질과 광물질의 결합체와 잔여 광물질이 반추위 내 단백질과 결합하여 단백질 분해 속도를 지연시킴으로써, 단백질의 by-pass율을 증가시켜, 유생산량 증가와 유질을 개선 (유단백질, SNF 함량 증가 등) 하는 등 젖소의 생산성을 향상시킨 것으로 요약할 수 있다. This study, consisting of two experiments, was conducted to determine the effects of feeding heat treated protein and mineral complex (HPM) on milk production and composition, and ruminal fermentation of Holstein dairy cows. In in vitro experiment, HPM levels were 0, 0.2, 1 and 2%, and Timothy hay, which was substrate, was milled as 1 ㎜ size, and the effect of HPM on pH and ammonia and VFA were analyzed after incubation times of 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively. The pH and ammonia production were not significantly different between treatments during the incubation. In addition, generally, total VFA and individual VFA were not affected by HPM on 0, 6 and 24 h. While, total VFA and individual VFA were increased in 0.2% and 1% of HPM supplemented treatments, but decreased in 2% of HPM treatment compared with control on 12 h. On 48 h, total VFA and individual VFA were increased in HMP treatment compared to control(P<0.05). However, A/P ratio was not affected by HPM supplementation. Gas production was higher in HPM treatment compared to control on 24 h (P<0.05) and 48 h (P<0.05). In lactating experiment, fourteen lactating Holstein cows were used for 4 months in a cross over experimental design. There were two treatment; no added HPM as a control and 0.2% of HPM added as a test treatment. Daily milk yield (P<0.001), 4% FCM (P<0.001), milk protein (P<0.05) and SNF (solid not fat; P<0.05) were increased in HPM treatment compared to control. While, milk fat, MUN (milk urea nitrogen) and SCC (somatic cell count) were not significantly different between treatments.
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매초액 첨가에 의한 in vitro 발효특성 및 젖소의 생산성에 미치는 영향
윤석준,남경표,배귀석,박봉선,장문백,백인기 中央大學校 食糧資源硏究所 2001 食糧資源硏究所 論文集 Vol.13 No.1
The objectives of this experiment were conducted to find out an supplementary effect of the Maecho. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the relative bioavailability of Maecho by determining the change of lactating dairy cows productivity and ruminal fermentation characteristics in summer condition. Ten multiparous Holstein lactation cows (average BW 680㎏) were used, and divided in to 2 groups by the milk production level, each group was allocated. Basal diet was formulated with concentrate and forage sources. Supplementary of the Maecho in everyday 1 ㎏ per cow. Each milk samples were collected into 50ml tubes. Milk yield and Somatic cell count (SCC) measures by TRU-TEST and FOSS4000 treatment before and after. The results obtained from this study are as follows. Supplement of Maecho in feed increased milk yield and milk protein, although decreased milk fat.
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배귀석,남경표,김혜숙,이상구,최행석,민우기,주종원,맹원재,장문백 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.6
This study was conducted to determine the effects of the artificial culture medium of wild-ginsengs on in vitro fermentation characteristics. NH_(3)-N concentration was showed the highest in 3% WGM treatment among all treatments and control. In addition, microbila protein synthesis was significantly different in all treatments throughout the incubation time, and WGM 3% tratment was the highest at the 9 h incubation(P<0.05). Protozoa numbers within rumen were decreased in all WGM treatments a t9h incubation time, whereas WGM 3% treatment was always decreased throughtout the incubation(P<0.05). NDF and ADF digestibility showed no significantly increased as the incubation time in both control and treatments. NDF digestibility showed no significantly increased as the incubation time in both control and treatments. NDF digestibility showed no significantly difference between contro and the 3% treatment, and ADF digestibility was similar in all. Total volatile fatty acid(VFA) concentrations of WGM treatments without 5% were significantly higher than control(P<0.05). No differences were observed in total VFA, acetate, propionate and butyrate concentration among the WGM treatments. Acetate/Propionate roatio of WGN treatments was higher than control after 12 h incubation(P<0.05). As a result of the artificial culture medium of wild-ginseng on rumen fermentation characteristics in vitro, microbial protein synthesis of WGM treatment was higher than control, and WGM 3% was the highest in all treatments(P<0.05). The effect of saponin in artificaial culture medium of wild-ginseng tended to decrease NH_(3)-N concentration, while it increases the microbial synthesis in early incubation. Therefor, artificial cultures medium of wild-ginseng ca increase utilization of feed by microbial and anti-protozoal effects of saponin, which may enhance microbial synthesis capacity in early fernentation period in rumen.
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