開港期의 近代的 金融機關에 관한 史的考察

金熙仲 湖南大學校 1983 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.3 No.-

In the normal developing process of capitalistic economy, the monetary and financial system was formed ineviatably concomitant with the developing process of productivity departments and assumed the form of making process in reciprocal action of production, exchange and consumption. However, the developing process of Korean captalism was entirely different from the normal developing process and there was no exception in the change of monetary and financial system. It was because, when Japan invaded Korea politically or economically, they regarded the control of money and finance as the first steps for invasion. For this purpose, on the opportunity of the peace treaty between Lee Dynasty art Japan under the pressure of Japan , the Japanese escablished their colonial financial system on this lard with their banks-the modern financial institution - infiltrated. Consequently, Korea was accepted the first modern fiancial institution by Japan and in order to cope with this established the modern national financial institution at last, but it did not give satisfactory results. Throughout the invading process of the Japanese bank into Korea during the Port Opening Era (1876-1910), we can find out the for lowing charcteristice. 1. All the branches of the Japanese bank in Korea were no other than the merchants' bank founded by Japanese merchants. All the central figures of those who had founded the bratnches in Korea were edther great businessmen or rich merchants. 2. In addition to their usual functions, all the branches of the Japanese bank in Korea dealt with the special affairs, the purchase of gold bullion , the treatment of national funds and the maritime custom duties, and lending toward Korean government, etc. AccordingIy they served as the colonial bank with the above functons. 3. Though the Japanese were much opposed to the ppossility of the Korean national bank growing as national funds, they Permitted the survival of national bank under the colonial financial system and tried to even help the national bank to grow to that extent. 4. The Japanse tried only to solidify the subordinate relationship under the control of their financial funds throughout the indirect control of Korean mational bank. It is that Korean kept up its political independence until 1904, and that the financial power of Korean national banks was not worth looking at, and because they did not want to stimuulate the Koreas fruitlessly. 5. Though Korean national bank did not give satisfactory results and suffered the exploitation from the Japanese, it was established and developed under the idea of competition, rivalry, anti-Japan, and resistance to Japan, etc. 6. All the branches of the Japanese bank had the Japanese as their customers and bank loans were spent exclusively on tray. That is to say, the branches were the provider of money needed for the Japanese financial invasion of Korea. 7. There had been the traditional financial organizations in Korea before the port Opening Era, but they were all abandoned to the fate of the forced dismemberment by the aggressive foreign financial institution.

소아에서 발생한 폐 염증성 근섬유아세포종 -1예 보고-

김희중,박창률,정종필,신제균 대한흉부외과학회 2006 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.39 No.4

폐에서 발생하는 염증성 근섬유아세포종은 원인은 정확히 밝혀져 있지 않은 매우 드문 종양이다. 소아에서 발생한 이 종양은 양성종양으로 분류되어 있으나 드물게 국소침윤이나 재발, 원격전이 및 악성변이가 나타날 수 있다. 외과적 완전 절제술이 가장 적절한 치료 방법으로 되어 있다. 12세 남자가 단순흉부엑스선 사진에서 우연히 발견된 좌측 폐 상부의 4 cm 크기의 응어리소견을 주소로 내원하였다. 환아는 좌상엽 절제수술을 받은 후 진단병리학적으로 염증성 근섬유아세포종으로 확진되었다. 환아는 술 후 3개월째 재발 소견없이 외래 추적 관찰 중이다.

CO₂ laser조사가 성견치수에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

김희중,이찬영,이승종,이정석,Kim, Hee-Joong,Lee, Chan-Young,Lee, Sung-Jong,Lee, Chung-Suck 대한치과보존학회 1988 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.13 No.1

The object of this paper was to investigate the histopatological changes on dog's pulp under cavitation by irradiation of the $CO_2$ laser. The subjects were derived from four dogs, and irradiated 113.23 J/$mm^2$, 283.09 J/$mm^2$, 566.08 J/$mm^2$ in Group I, II, and III respectively. The dogs were sacrificed immediately, 24 hour, 72 hour and 1 week after $CO_2$ laser treatment. For light microscopic examination, routine H-E and PAS stains were employed. For electron microscopic observation, the teeth were fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde, decalcified teeth in 10% EDTA were stained by uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The observation was made with a Hitachi H-500 model electron microscope. The following results were obtained in this study: 1. At the early stage of the experimental sub-groups-immediately, 24 hour, 72 hour samples of Group I, II and III-coagulation necrosis and hyperemia were observed in odontoblastic and subodontoblastic pulpal layer. 2. At the 1 week sub-group of Group I, II, regenerative hyperplasia of the odontoblasts without coagulation necrosis were revealed, in addition to thickened predentin. On he other hand coagulation necrosis and atrophic change accompanying with hyperplasia were found at the 1 week sub-group of Group III. 3. Ultrastructurally, the odontoblasts appeared nuclear degeneration, vacuolar change of cytoplasmic organelles and rupture of plasma membrane at the early stage of the experimental period of all groups. 4. Under spectrohelioscopic examination, regenerative odontobalsts were seen at the 1 week specimens of Group I, II and III. 5. The pulpal response occured at 113-566 J/$mm^2$. The pathologic change of pulp tissue occured at the early experimental period but regeneration of odontoblasts could be seen after 1 week.

Co₂laser조사가 성견치수에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

김희중,이찬영,이승종,이정석 大韓齒科保存學會 1988 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.13 No.1

The object of this paper was to investigate the histopatological changes on dog's pulp under cavitation by irradiation of the CO_2 laser. The subjects were derived from four dogs, and irradiated 113.23J/㎟. 566.08J/㎟ in Group Ⅰ,Ⅱ, and Ⅲ respectively. The dogs were sacrificed immediately, 24 hour, 72 hour and 1 week after CO_2 laser treatment. For light microscopic examination, routine H-E and PAS stains were employed. For electron microscopic observation, the teeth were fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde, decalcified teeth in 10% EDTA were stained by uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The observation was made with a Hitachi H-500 model electron microscope. The following results were obtained in this study : 1. At the early stage of the experimental sub-groups-immediately, 24 hour, 72 hour samples of Group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ-coagulation necrosis and hyperemia were observed in odontoblastic and subodontoblastic pulpal layer. 2. At the 1 week sub-group of Group Ⅰ,Ⅱ, regenerative hyperplasia of the odontoblasts without coagulation necrosis were revealed, in addtion to tihckened predentin. On the other hand coagulation necrosis and atrophic change accompanying with hyperplasia were found at the 1 week sub-group of Group Ⅲ. 3. Ultrastructurally, the odontoblasts appeared nuclear degeneration, vacuolar change of cytoplasmic organelles and rupture of plasma membrane at the early stage of the experimental period of all groups. 4. Under electromicroscopic examination, regenerative odontobalsts were seen at the 1 week specimens of Group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ. 5. The pulpal response occured at 113-566J/㎟. The pathologic change of pulp tissue occured at the early experimental period but regeneration of odontoblasts could be seen after 1 week.

치과용 Varnish가 충전재의 변연누출에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

金姬中,이정석 大韓齒科保存學會 1983 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.9 No.1

소아 환자에서 Ross 수술 성적 보고: 아산병원 10년 경험

김희중,서동만,박정준,박인숙,김영휘,고재곤,윤태진 대한흉부외과학회 2009 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.42 No.3

Background: The Ross procedure is known as a good surgical option for a young age group with aortic valve problems, but few reports on the Ross procedure are available in the Korean literature. This study is a review of our midterm results of 10 year experience with the pediatric Ross operation in Asan Medical Center. Material and Method: From March 1997 to October 2008, eighteen patients who were aged less than 16 years underwent the Ross procedure. There were 11 males and 7 females. The patients median age was 8.5 years (range: 0.5∼14.0). The aortic valve pathophysiology was 6 patients with aortic insufficiency, 4 patients with aortic stenosis, 7 patients with mixed aortic stenoinsufficiencey and 1 patient with infective endocarditis. The valve morphology was bicuspid in 11 and tricuspid in 7. All the patients were operated on with the root replacement technique. All the pumonic valves were replaced with an allograft except for one pericardial monocusp valve. The mean follow up duration was 52.8 months (range: 5.8∼138.2 months). We reviewed the echocardiographic data with focusing on the autograft dysfunction and reoperation. Result: There was no hospital mortality and late mortality. According to the last echocardiographic data, 2 autografts showed aortic regurgitation grade 2, 4 autografts showed aortic regurgitation grade 1 and the others were less than trivial. Reoperation of the pulmonic position conduit was performed 4 times in three patients. The rate of freedom from reoperation at 5 years was 72.2%. On the serial follow up, the Z-values of the aortic annulus/aortic sinus were changed from 1.6±1.7/0.9±1.7 at preoperation to 1.8±1.6 (p=0.64)/2.2± 0.9 (p=0.01) at the last follow-up. There was no significant relation between the growth of the neoaortic root and neoaortic insufficiency. Conclusion: Our midterm results of the Ross procedure in pediatric patients showed good autograft function and growth potential. Yet reoperation due to allograft dysfunction was a major concern. 배경: Ross 수술은 대동맥 질환을 가진 소아 환자에서 좋은 치료 방법으로 알려져 있으나, 국내에서는 이에 대한 보고가 드물다. 이 연구는 소아에서의 Ross 수술에 관하여 아산병원의 10년 동안의 중기 성적을 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년 3월부터 2008년 10월까지 16세 이하인 18명의 환자가 Ross 수술을 시행 받았다. 남자 환자는 11명, 여자 환자는 7명이었다. 환자의 중위수 나이는 8.5세(0.5∼14세)였다. 대동맥 판막 병태생리는 대동맥 부전증이 6예, 대동맥 협착증이 4예, 대동맥 협착부전증이 7례 그리고 감염성 심내막염이 1예였다. 판막 형태는 이첨판이 11예, 삼첨판이 7예였다. 모든 환자의 수술은 근부 치환술로 시행하였다. 폐동맥 판막은 심막으로 만든 단엽판막 팻취를 사용한 1예를 제외하고, 모두 동종이식 판막으로 대치되었다. 추적 관찰의 평균 기간은 52.8개월이었다(5.8∼138.2개월). 심장 초음파 자료를 검토하여 자가이식 판막 부전, 동종 이식 판막 부전, 그리고 재수술 여부를 조사하였다. 결과: 추적 관찰 기간중 병원 내 사망과 후기 사망은 없었다. 2예에서 자가이식 판막 부전이 2등급이었고, 4예에서 자가이식 판막 부전이 1등급이었으며 나머지 경우는 역류가 없거나 근소하였다. 폐동맥 위치 도관에 의한 재수술이 3명에서 4회 있었다. 5년 재수술이 없는 생존률은 72.2%였다. 연속적인 경과 관찰에서, 대동맥륜(aortic annulaus)과 대동맥굴(aortic sinus)의 z-value는 수술 전 1.6±1.7/0.9±1.7에서 마지막 검사에서 1.8±1.6 (p=0.64)/2.2±0.9 (p=0.01)로 변화되었다. 신대동맥 근부의 성장과 신대동맥 부전의 의미 있는 연관성은 없었다. 결론: 소아 환자에서 Ross 수술의 중기 결과는 좋은 자가이식판막의 기능과 성장 잠재력을 보여줬다. 그러나, 동종 이식 판막의 기능 부전으로 인한 재수술은 주요 문제로 관찰되었다.

Kommerell 게실과 동반된 완전 혈관륜의 수술적 교정

김희중,윤태진,정성호,김경모 대한흉부외과학회 2006 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.39 No.12

수유 곤란과 반복적인 흡인성 폐렴을 주소로 내원한 11개월 된 여아가 우대동맥궁, Kommerell 게실, 식도 후방의 좌쇄골하 및 동맥관 인대로 형성된 완전 혈관륜을 진단 받고 수술적 교정을 받았다. 수술은 좌측 후측 개흉 후 동맥관 인대를 분리하여 식도 압박 요인을 제거하고, Kommerell 게실을 하행 대동맥으로부터 분리, 절제한 후 좌쇄골하 동맥을 좌측 총경동맥으로 단측 문합하였다. 환아의 수술 경과는 양호하였으며, 현재 외래 관찰 중이다.

Actomyosin $Ca^{++}$ Activated Adenosinetriphosphatase 활성도에 대한 pH 및 온도의 영향

김희중,황애란,박양생,강두희,Kim, Hee-Joong,Hwang, Ae-Ran,Park, Yang-Saeng,Kang, Doo-Hee 대한생리학회 1977 대한생리학회지 Vol.11 No.2

The activity of the $Ca^{++}$ activated adenosinetriphosphatase (Ca-ATPase) of actomyosin systeme of rabbit and frog skeletal muscle has been studied at varying pH and temperature. The PH optima of the Ca-ATPase activity of the rabbit actomyosin was rather broad. Over the temperature range of $16-36^{\circ}C$ activity of the enzyme was not appreciably changed between pH 6.4-8.5; below and above which it rapidly reduced. The pH at the inflection point of the enzyme activity increased as temperature decreased, showing the ${\bigtriangleup}pH\;inflection/{\bigtriangleup}T$ of approximately $-0.018\;unit/^{\circ}C$. Consequently, $(OH^-)/(H^+)$ ratio at the inflection point was constant regardless of assay temperature. In the frog actomyosin systems the Ca-ATPase activity was not apparently altered between PH 6.4-7.0 when the incubation temperature was $15{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. Outside of this range of pH, however, the enzyme activity was dramatically decreased. The pH of the inflection point changed inversely with temperature. ${\bigtriangleup}pH\;inflection/{\bigtriangleup}T$ at the acidic side was approximately $-0.018\;unit/^{\circ}C$, whereas that at the alkaline side it was about $-0.037\;unit/^{\circ}C$. The Arrhenius Plot on the Ca-ATPase activity at constant $(OH^-)/(H^+)$ ratio of 1.0 was not linear, but showed break at arround $20^{\circ}C$ for both rabbit and frog actomyosin Preparations. From these results it was speculated that pH dependence of Ca-ATPase activity of rabbit actomyosin systems might reflect titrations of histidine-imidazole and -SH groups, and that of the frog actomyosin represents titrations of histidine-imidazole and lysyllysine ${\alpha}-NH_2$ groups.

AAPM TG18에 의한 진단용 CRT 디스플레이 시스템의 성능 평가

김희중,정해조,민덕기,홍진오,김용년,Kim, H.J.,Jung, H.J.,Min, D.K.,Hong, J.O.,Kim, Y.N. 대한디지털의료영상학회 2003 대한디지털영상기술학회지 Vol.6 No.1

디지털 영상 검출기와 디스플레이 기술의 발달과 의료영상전달시스템(PACS)의 출현은 전통적 필름방식에 비하여 디지털 방식으로 방사선과 영상을 획득하고 전송, 저장하는 매우 효과적인 수단을 제공하고 있다. 2002년 8월, 연세의료원 세브란스병원은 진단 영상 판독 목적으로 18 대의 CRT(Braco View, Belgium)와 32대의 평판 LCD(Totoku Electric Co., Ltd., Japan) 디스플레이 장치를 GE full-PACS(GE 메디칼시스템코리아 : GEMSK)와 연계하여 설치 완료하였다. 본 연구에서, 기하학적 왜곡, 반사, 휘도 반응, 휘도 균일도, 분해능, 노이즈,베일링 글레어, 칼라 균일도 항목들을 AAPM TG18 보고서 9.0에 따라서 시각적 그리고 부분적으로는 정량적인 방법으로 인수검사를 실시하여 보고한다. 사용된 장비는 색도계로도 사용되는 간편한 휘도계, TG18 테스트 패던, AAPM Tg18 AT plug-in software(Barco View Ltd., Kortrijk, Belgium)이었다. 칼라 균일도를 제외한 모든 테스트 결과는 AAPM TG18에서 권고하는 기준에 일치하였으며 진단 영상 판독에 사용하기에 전적으로 수락할 수 있는 성능이었다. 결론으로, 사용된 인수검사는 단지 인수 검사 표준을 제공하는 것 뿐만 아니라 품질검사(QC)의 지침, 판독 환경의 최적화 그리고 교체 시기나 업그레이드 시기를 결정하여주는 중요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것이다.

제7회 연수강좌 : 총론 및 기초 ; 고관절의 해부학

김희중 대한고관절학회 2005 Hip and Pelvis Vol.17 No.3