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Orthopantomogram을 이용한 하악공 및 하악관에 관한 연구
김희상,Kim Hee-Sang 대한영상치의학회 1983 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.13 No.1
The mandibular canal must be considered carefully during surgical treatment, especially surgical extraction of the impacted tooth and intraosseous implant because it contains the important inferior alveolar nerve and vessels. The author investigated the curvatUre of the mandibular canal, the positional frequency of mandibular foramen to the occlusal plane and gonial angle and the positional frequency of the mental foramen to the tooth site using orthopantomograms. The materials consisted of 295 orthopantomograms divided into seven groups ranging from the first decade to 6th. decade. The results were as follows: 1. The position of mandibular foramen was most frequently below occlusal plane in Group Ⅰ (78.6%) and Group Ⅱ (71.2%), above occlusal plane in Group Ⅲ (63.0%), Group IV (71.1%), Group V (57.6%), Group (76.7%) and Group VII (70.0%). 2. The curvature of mandibular canal was 142.8° in Group Ⅰ, 142.09° in Group Ⅱ, 139.34° in Group Ⅲ, 141.48° in Group Ⅳ, 138.45° in Group Ⅴ, 140.77° in Group Ⅵ and 143.89° in Group Ⅶ. 3. The gonial angie was 125.82° in Group Ⅰ, 123.18° in Group Ⅱ, 124.06° in Group Ⅲ, 120.45° in Group Ⅳ, 121.12° in Group Ⅴ, 121.63° in Group Ⅵ and 121.24° in Group Ⅶ. 4. The position of the menta] foramen was most frequently below the apex of mandibular first premolar in Group Ⅰ (57.2%), between the apex of mandibular first and second premolar in Group Ⅱ (59.6%) and Group Ⅲ (48.9%), and below the apex of mandibular second premolar in Group Ⅳ (39.2%), Group Ⅴ (48.5%) Group Ⅵ(46.6%) and Group Ⅶ(56.4%)
중앙아시아의 거점, 대우즈베키스탄 외교의 현황과 향후 과제
김희상 ( Kim Hee-sang ) 한국외교협회 2022 외교 Vol.142 No.0
Uzbekistan is located in the center of the Central Asia and its population is over 45% of that of all Central Asian countries. Due to its location and population, Uzbekistan has been a hub of Central Asia since ancient times. Since 1992 when Korea and Uzbekistan made diplomatic relationship, Korea has enjoyed special welcome from Uzbek people due to the existence of 180,000 Korean diaspora and large scale investment from Korean companies such as Daewoo automobile in early 90’s. Currently Korea and Uzbekistan are celebrating their 30th anniversary of diplomatic relations, and it is time to consider possible ways to further enhance strategic cooperation for the future. Continuing summit diplomacy, ODA based on Korea’s own experience of economic growth, and active cultural and public diplomacy toward Korean diaspora and young Uzbek people who love Korean culture such as K-pop and Korean soap opera could be such an example.
김희상 ( Kim Hee-sang ) 한국외교협회 2024 외교 Vol.150 No.0
As an open market economy with a high level of dependence on affairs abroad, proactive economic security diplomacy is more important than ever in reducing uncertainty and strengthening resilience to external risks while seeking opportunities for economic growth. The article highlights key policies of major economies such as the U.S., EU and China on supply chain restructuring, technology protection, and climate change; and introduces Korea’s diplomatic efforts in response to these economic security The first task of proactive economic security diplomacy is to build a network of cooperation with like-minded countries, aimed at strengthening supply chain resilience as well as promoting and protecting critical and emerging technologies. Korea has been actively engaged in economic security dialogues with the U.S., Japan, Canada, and others, as well as the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) negotiations. In addition, the Korean government established an inter-ministerial supply chain Early Warning System across its overseas missions for early detection and timely response to supply chain disruptions, and conducted a pilot program with the U.S. to link the two countries’ Systems. Korea is also leading discussions on diversifying the global supply chains of critical minerals through the Minerals Security Partnership (MSP). In terms of critical and emerging technology cooperation, Korea is strengthening bilateral cooperation with key partners in fields such as AI, space, and quantum, while actively participating in relevant multilateral discussions. As part of such efforts, Korea co-hosted the AI Seoul Summit with the U.K. in May 2024, and has newly joined the 2N vs. 2<sup>N</sup> ― an inter-governmental cooperation channel on quantum science and technology. The Korean government is also actively participating in several climate change initiatives led by developed countries, including the Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate Change (MEF), IPEF, and the Climate Club, while strengthening policy exchanges and consultations with the EU, Canada, Malaysia, ASEAN, Singapore and others. In addition, the Korean government is promoting Carbon-Free Energy (CFE) initiative to promote carbon neutrality in accordance with each country’s domestic circumstances, and continues to garner participation globally. Together with the Korean industries with capabilities in terms of critical and emerging technologies as well as climate change response, the Korean public and private sectors would have to work as a team to capitalize on the opportunities and maximize our strategic autonomy while reducing our dependence on specific sources, while strengthening our presence in global supply chains.