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김환호(H. H. Kim),김민국(M. K. Kim),정석호(S. H. Chung) 한국연소학회 2010 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.- No.40
The effect of DC electric fields on the stabilization of the laminar premixed jet flames has been investigated with ground-mesh and in single-electrode configuration. The detachment velocities were measured by varying the applied positive and negative DC voltage at various distance of ground-mesh. The detachment velocity was increased and decreased with the magnitude of negative and positive DC voltage, respectively. As compared to the case of single-electrode configuration, the effect of DC voltage on the variation of detachment velocity with ground-mesh was appreciable. The variation of detachment velocity of premixed jet flame was well correlated by the representative strength of DC electric fields. It was observed that the effect of negative DC electric fields is larger than that of positive field. With qualitative evaluation of electric field, it was shown that the strength exerted on flame zone for negative DC source could be larger than that of for positive one. Consequently, the changes of detachment velocity with variation of applied DC voltage, distance of ground-mesh, and polarity of DC source were explained by the evaluated electric field strength.
층류 예혼합 화염의 화염 날림 현상에 미치는 교류 전기장 효과
김환호(H. H. Kim),김민국(M. K. Kim),정석호(S. H. Chung) 한국연소학회 2009 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.- No.39
The stabilization of the laminar premixed jet flames has been investigated experimentally by applying the AC electric fields at low frequency which is below 60㎐ in single electrode configuration. The detachment and blow off velocities have been measured by varying the applied AC voltage and frequency. The detachment velocity was decreased with the applied AC electric fields. The normalized velocity was changed linearly with AC voltage. The normalized velocity decreased and increased over certain frequency with AC frequency. Blowoff velocity had minimum value and transition frequency region was observed. Two different regimes were classified within the boundaries of minimum frequency and transition frequency region. In regime L-Ⅰ from 0.1㎐ to minimum frequency, blowoff velocity decreases with the applied frequency and decreasing rate increases. In regime L-Ⅱ from minimum frequency to transition frequency region, blowoff velocity has opposite trend to the regime L-Ⅰ. Ionic wind effect and chemical reaction enhancement are proposed as the possible causes to influence flame stabilization.
이용복,강현아,김환호,김세미,윤화,조혜영,오승열,최후균 한국약제학회 2006 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.36 No.5
A rapid, selective and sensitive reverse-phase HPLC methods for the determination of atenolol and chlorthalidone in human serum and whole blood were validated, and applied to the pharmacokinetic study of atenolol and chlorthalidone combination therapy. Atenolol and an internal standard, pindolol, were extracted from human serum by liquid-liquid extraction, and analyzed on a -Bondapak C18 10-mm column in a mobile phase of methanol-0.01 M potassium dihydrogenphosphate (30:70, v/v, adjusted to pH 3.5) and fluorescence detection (emission: 300 nm, excitation: 224 nm). Chlorthalidone and an internal standard, probenecid, were extracted form human whole blood by liquid-liquid extraction, and analyzed on a Luna C18 5-m column in a mobile phase of acetonitrile containing 77% 0.01 M sodium acetate and UV detection at 214 nm. These analysis were performed at three different laboratories using the same quality control (QC) samples. The chromatograms showed good resolution, sensitivity, and no interference by human serum and whole blood, respectively. The methods showed linear responses over a concentration range of 10-1,000 ng/mL for atenolol and 0.05-20 g/mL for chlorthalidone, with correlation coefficients of greater than 0.999 at all the three laboratories. Intra- and inter-day assay precision and accuracy fulfilled international requirements. Stability studies (freeze-thaw, short-, long-term, extracted sample and stock solution) showed that atenolol and chlorthalidone were stable. The lower limit of quantitation of atenolol and chlorthalidone were 10 ng/mL and 0.05 g/mL, respectively, which was sensitive enough for pharmacokinetic studies. These methods were applied to the pharmacokinetic study of atenolol and chlorthalidone in human volunteers following a single oral administration of Hyundai Tenoretic?? tablet (atenolol 50 mg and chlorthalidone 12.5 mg) at three different laboratories.
원보 : 염산레르카니디핀 체내동태 연구를 위한 혈청 중 레르카니디핀의 LC/MS/MS 정량법 검증
김세미 ( Se Mi Kim ),김환호 ( Hwan Ho Kim ),신새벽 ( Sae Byeok Shin ),강현아 ( Hyun Ah Kang ),윤화 ( Hwa Yoon ),조혜영 ( Hea Young Cho ),김윤균 ( Yoon Gyoon Kim ),양찬우 ( Chan Woo Yang ),용철순 ( Chul Soon Yong ),이용복 ( Yong B 한국약제학회 2007 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.37 No.4
이용복,김윤균,조혜영,김세미,김환호,신새벽,강현아 한국약제학회 2007 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.37 No.5
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two lercanidipine hydrochloride tablets, Zanidip tablet (LG Life Sciences Ltd., Korea, reference drug) and Samchundang Lercanidipine tablet 10 mg (Sam Chun Dang Pharm. Co. Ltd., Korea, test drug), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). After adding an internal standard (amlodipine maleate) to human serum, serum samples were extracted using hexan-isoamyl alcohol (100 : 1, v/v). Compounds were analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. This method showed linear response over the concentration range of 0.05 - 20 ng/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The lower limit of quantitation using 0.5 mL of serum was 0.05 ng/mL which was sensitive enough for pharmacokinetic studies. Thirty healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the lercanidipine hydrochloride dose of 20 mg in a 2 ´ 2 crossover study. There was a one-week washout period between the doses. Serum concentrations of lercanidipine were monitored by an LC/MS/MS for over a period of 24 hr after the administration. AUCt (the area under the serum concentration-time curve from time 0 to 24 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. Cmax (the maximum serum drug concentration) and Tmax (the time to reach Cmax) were compiled from the serum concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed AUCt and Cmax. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters, indicating that the crossover design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals of the AUCt ratio and the Cmax ratio for Samchundang Lercanidipine/Zanidip were log 0.9505 - log 1.2258 and log 0.9987 - log 1.2013, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of log 0.80 - log 1.25. Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guidelines for the bioequivalence was satisfied, indicating Samchundang Lercanidipine tablet 10 mg and Zanidip tablet are bioequivalent.