주변부 고립결절성 폐암의 전산화단층촬영 소견

김홍,김옥배,우성구,서수지,김성수,Kim, Hong,Kim, Ok-Bae,Woo, Seong-Ku,Suh, Soo-Jhi,Kim, Sung-Soo 대한영상의학회 1985 대한영상의학회지 Vol.21 No.5

It is diffidult to distinguish benign from malignant, ulmonary nodule by conventional roentgenologic examination. But CT makes it easier to evaluate adjacent parenchymal invasion, pleural or mediastinal extension, or early metastasis to intra- or extrathoracic lymph node as well s distant organs, although only a solitary peripheral pulmonary nodule is seen on plain radiograph. Authors reviewed CT of 22 cases of histopathologically confirmed primary lung cancer seen as a solitary peripheral pulmonary mass from May 1980 to September 1984 at Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University. The results are as follows: 1. The incedence was most common in the 6th decade(36%). Male to female ratio was 10:1 and 2 females all had bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma. 2. The distributions of histologic cell type were as follows: squamous cell carcinoma 40%, adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma and unclassified carcinoma 14% in each cases, and adenoid cystic c rcinoma 4%. 3. The computed tomographic findings were as follows: a) Superior and posterior basal segments of both lower lobes were most frequently involved(68%). b) The mean diameter of the mass was 48mm, and most common in the range of 30-49mm in the greatest dimension(46%). c) The mean CT attenuation value was 57 H.U., and most common in the group of 41-70 H.U.(64%). d) Lymph node metastasis was found in 13(59%) of 22 cases, and the involved nodes were as follows: hilar nodes 10 cases, paratracheal nodes 8 cases, subcarinal nodes 7 cases and extrathoracic nodes 3 cases. In 2 of 3 cases with small cell carcinoma, diffuse multiple lymph nodes were involved. e) Distant metastasis was seen relatively early in 3 cases: cerebral metastasis in 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma, right adrenal metastasis without intrathoracic lymph node metastasis or invasion of adjacent structures in 1 case of bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma, and liver and bone metastases in 1 case of unclassified carci oma. f) Adjacent pleural or mediastinal invasion was found in 7 cases(32%): pleural invasion alsong chest wall in 4 cases, and invasion of adjacent mediastinal pleura in 3 caes of 2 squmous cell carcinoma and 1 unclassified carcinoma. g) Calcifications within the mass were found in 5 caes(23%), and most common in squamous cell carcinoma(3 caes). In all cases, a few granular calcifications were seen along the peripheral margin of the mass. h) Tumor necrosis was seen in 4 cases(18%), and 3 cases were squamous cell carcinoma, and one of them showed irregular central cavitation. i) The margins of tumor were irregularly lobulated with radiating spiculations in all except one of adenoid cystic carcinoma, which revealed oval shaped, smooth clear margin. j) In 9(41%) of 22 cases, some enlargement of pulmonary vessels with perivascular linear infiltrations were found in the adjacent lung parenchymes of the mass, which were thought to be retrograde perivascular lymphangitic spread along pulmon ry vessels.

금속착물 - 셀룰로오스 복합 단열재의 난연 효과 연구

김홍,강영구 한국산업안전학회 1995 한국안전학회지 Vol.10 No.3

The combustion characteristics of cellulose insulation treated with several metal complexes such as Aluminium hydroxide, Cupric sulfate pentahydrate, Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, Manganese chloride tetrahydrate and Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate are studied to evaluate the effectiveness as a potential flame retardant for cellulosic materials. In this study, we found that LOI values of cellulosic materials treated with the metal complexes are generally increased with the increase of their content. At high concentration, CS(24%) and SP(24%) show high LOI values, suggesting resistance to flame spread. The materials examined in this study were found to be relatively more resistance to smouldering and flaming combustion in comparision with untreated cellulosic material. The flammability behavior of the materials exhibits combustion process as follows : LOI→smouldering region→smouldering-flaming spread region→flame spread region.

붕산 - 붕사 - Aluminium sulfate 계 셀룰로오스 단열재의 연소특성 연구

김홍,인세진 한국산업안전학회 1992 한국안전학회지 Vol.7 No.4

The smouldering combustibility of cellulose insulation treated with boric acid-borax-aluminium sulfate as combustion retardants are examined by cigarette ignition method and electrical cardrige heater method. The effectiveness of Aluminium sulfate as a third combustion are acceptable both smouldering resistance and flame resistance at 18% level of all examined formulation. As the proportion of Aluminium sulfate in the formulation was increased, the flame resistance of cellulose insulation was improved.

프랜차이즈산업의 관계특성 및 구매의도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 - 중국 화장품 시장을 중심으로–

김홍,김춘수 한국경영교육학회 2011 경영교육연구 Vol.26 No.3

본 연구는 중국 화장품 프랜차이즈 소매점의 서비스품질이 중국시장 관계특성변수인 관시 및 구매의도에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 밝히며 이 요인들에 관하여 관시 및 구매의도에 어떻게 영향을 미치는 지에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 서비스품질이 구매의도에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가를 연구하는 데 있으며, 중국 화장품 시장의 특징을 바탕으로 기업의 프랜차이즈시장에 진출 전략을 강구하는 데에도 목적을 둔다. 본 연구결과로 첫째, 관시는 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 관시에 영향을 미치는 변수는 서비스품질의 유형성, 공감성, 확신성 및 반응성의 순으로 나타났다. 셋째, 소비자의 구매의도에 영향을 미치는 변수는 서비스품질의 신뢰성, 반응성의 순서로 구매의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. This study is to find out factors influencing guanxi and purchasing intention of a franchise retail stores and focuses on how these factors affect guanxi and purchasing intention and what influence these factors have on them. Besides, the purpose of this study is to investigate how service quality affect guanxi and purchasing intention of consumer in China when consumers choose products at cosmetic market in China as I discover the interrelation guanxi affect purchasing intention. In addition. the aim is to study factors influencing guanxi and purchasing intention. Moreover. this study is to consider the present condition of China market and contrive the strategy of overseas expansion which is based on the feature of cosmetic market in China. The result of this study showed that at first, building of guanxi has positive influence on relation with purchasing intention. Secondly, the order of influential constructs which have a good effect on guanxi is tangibles, empathy, assurance, responsiveness of service quality. Finally, the order of influential constructs which have a good effect on purchasing intention is reliability and responsiveness of service quality.

고온 초전도체 HgBa2CaCu2Oy의 자기이완

김홍,김영철,고락길,김건철,이준호,이헌봉 한국물리학회 2006 New Physics: Sae Mulli Vol.52 No.3

We have investigated magnetic relaxation in a grain-aligned sample of HgBa$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_y$ powder embedded in epoxy with the magnetic field along the $c$ axis. From the magnetic measurement of the normalized low-field DC susceptibility, the superconducting transition temperature T$_c$ is about 123 K. The magnetic relaxation $M(t)$ of grain-aligned HgBa$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_y$ for $H||c$ shows a behavior proportional to $\ln (t)$. The effective activation energy of HgBa$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_y$ was extracted from the magnetic relaxation. From these results, a functional expression of the activation energy is fit to the relation $U_{\rm{eff}}(J,T,U)=U_i[G(T)/H^n](J_i/J)^\mu$, where $U_i$ is the scale of the activation energy and $G(T)=(1-(T/T_c)^2)^m (m=1.6\sim1.9)$ and $H^{-n}(n\sim 0.9)$. We observe power-law of $J$ dependence of $U_{\rm{eff}}$, where $\mu$ values agree qualitatively with theoretical prediction (7/9 and 3/2) for a three-dimensional flux-line lattice. 정렬된 고온 초전도체 HgBa$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_y$ 의 $H||c$ 에서 자기 이완을 측정한 결과 시간에 따른 자화 $M(t)$는 $\ln(t)$에 비례하였다. 자기이완으로부터 유도된 유효 활성화 에너지는 $U_{\rm{eff}}(J,T,U)=U_i[G(T)/H^n](J_i/J)^\mu$ 를 잘 따랐으며 여기서 $U_i$ 는 활성화에너지의 크기이고 $G(T)=(1-(T/T_c)^2)^m$ $(m=1.6\sim1.9)$ 이고 $H^{-n}(n\sim 0.9)$ 였다. $U_{\rm{eff}}$ 의 전류밀도 $J$ 의존성은 power-law를 만족하였고 $\mu$값은 3차원 자속선 격자의 이론적인 예측값(7/9과 3/2)과 일치하였다.

자동차 내장제의 연소 특성에 관한 연구

김홍,강영구,박형주 한국산업안전학회 1998 한국안전학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Five parts of the automotive interior materials were sampled to determine their combustion characteristics. Oxygen Indexer, Smoke chamber, Differential Scanning Calorimeter(DSC) were used as the analysis apparatus. All LOI values of samples appear less than 21. The combustion phenomena of the interior materials primarily depends on properties of each layer material. The amount of generated smoke are reached the maximum value within 30 - 90sec after ignition. The experimental results of combustion characteristics and DSC of H/Line also indicated that the layer of foam was melt first and it caused the propagation of flame through the sample. The combustion characteristics of multi-layer materials primarily depends on thermal characteristics of single layer material.

연립 주택 화재시 유독가스 방축 특성과 Rats를 이용한 독성평가

김홍,강영구,김동현,정기창,이창섭,김운형 한국화재소방학회 2002 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.16 No.3

中国网上购物顾客忠诚度之影响因素的研究

김홍,김나 글로벌경영학회 2011 글로벌경영학회지 Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the customer perceived value,customer cognitive trust and affective trust, switching costs and customer loyalty on internet shopping mall. In addition, This study is to find out factors influencing customer loyalty of the Chinese internet shopping mall. Moreover. this study is to consider the present condition of China e-business market and contrive the strategy which is based on the feature of internet shopping mall in China. Combined the correlative theories and empirical result, some suggestions were made for internet shopping web site. The conclusions of this paper conclude:the customer perceived value on internet shopping has positive impacts on customer cognitive trust and customer affective trust. The customer cognitive trust on internet shopping has positive impacts on customer affective trust. The customer cognitive trust and customer affective trust on internet shopping has positive impacts on customer switching costs and customer loyalty. 中国互联网产业发展迅速,电子商务成为其中规模增长最快的主力军,但是关于网络购物产业中认知和情感信任,以及忠诚度的研究还未引起广泛关注。本研究的目的是探索顾客忠诚度的影响因素,重点研究感知价值、认知信任、情感信任、转换成本和忠诚度的相关关系,从而提高网络营销企业的竞争力。本研究以中国电子商务市场特征为背景,对中国网络购物产业的现况进行分析整理,以期对企业开拓网络购物市场起到战略导向作用。研究实施了信度分析及要因分析,检验了个变量的效度;使用AMOS.18实施结构方程式分析对模型的适合度进行了检验,对各假设进行了验证,并总结了研究结果,提出了未来的研究方向。研究结果概括如下:第一,网络购物的感知价值对顾客认知信任和情感信任产生肯定性的影响。第二,网络购物顾客认知信任对情感信任产生肯定性的影响。第三,顾客认知信任和情感信任对转换成本和忠诚度产生肯定性的影响。

연립 주택 화재시 유독가스 방출 특성과 Rats를 이용한 독성평가

김홍,강영구,김동현,정기창,이창섭,김운형 한국화재소방학회 2002 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.16 No.3

화재에 의한 독성가스의 노출은 인간에게 있어서 화재시 생명에 아주 위험한 요소일 것이다. 다양한 화재에 의한 독성가스의 노출 중 본 논문에서는 경기도 안산시 재개발지구에서 한 연립주택을 이용하여 실제화재와 같은 조건으로 화재 시험을 하였다. 화재시 발생하는 가스 CO, CO_2, O_2, SO_2, NO 및 NO_2등을 측정하였으며, 발생하는 가스를 실험동물인 백서(S.D)에 노출시켜 2분간격으로 혈액을 체취하였다. 독성평가를 위하여 백서의 혈액과 혈청 중 Glucose, AST(GOT), ALT(GPT), CBC Count 및 CO(carboxy)-Hb를 분석하였다. 폭로되는 CO의 농도와 백서의 혈액중 CO-Hb 농도사이에 양-반응 관계(dose-response relationship)를 보였다. It has long been recognized that exposure to fire-induced toxic gases is a fatal hazard confronting people in fires. In this study, an indoor fire experiment was conducted in an unoccupied residential building located in An-san city, Kyoung-gi province, and the composition of effluent gases, which include CO, CO_2, O_2, SO_2, NO and NO_2, were measured by a gas analyzer A group of lab rats were exposed to the toxic gases released from fire, and the blood samples of the rats were gathered every 2 minutes. A toxicity evaluation was conducted by analyzing the concentrations of Glucose, AST(GOT), ALT(GPT), CBC Count and CO(carboxy)-Hb in the blood samples. Shown from the analysis is the does-response relationship between the CO concentration that rats were exposed to and the CO-Hb concentration in rat blood.

4도 치핵 지료로서 Whitehead 수술의 효용성 : Should We Abandon It?

김홍,정인호,서광욱 대한대장항문학회 2004 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.20 No.2