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김홍섭,성원섭,양상국,노용수 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2002 건국의과학학술지 Vol.12 No.-
The prevalence of adrenal incidentalomas as discovered by ultrasound, CT scan and MRI are estimated to be 1 to 4.4%. The increasing occurrence of incidentally discovered benign adrenocortical tumors has become a clinical dilemma because of the difficulties in differentiating them from their malignant. Genetic alterations, such as LOH at the 17p13 and 11p15 loci and overexpression of the insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ gene, are associated with the malignant phenotype in sporadic adrenocortical tumors. The most adrenal incidentalomas is benign and nonhypersecreting but all should be evaluated for hormonal activity and assessed for their risk of malignancy. Hormonal screening tests, including baseline cortisol and after dexamethasone, aldosterone-to-plasma renin activity ratio, DHEAS and catecholamines, are recommended to detect hypersecreting tumors. In all cases hormonal hypersecreting tumors(pheocromocytoma, hyperaldosteronism and subclinical hypercortisolism) should be removed. A difficult problem, however, is to distinguish between benign and malignant rimary or secondary tumors. Attenuation values on CT, chemical shift MRI, scintigraphy and FDG-PET reveal the nature of the mass in most cases. Radiologic evaluation by CT, MRI, scintigraphy and FDG-PET provide useful parameters toidentify malignant lesions. Size less than 4 ㎝ and an unenhanced CT attenuation under 10 HU are findings in favor of a benign adrenocortical adenomas. Norcholesterol and MIBG scans are able to detect benign tumors such as adenoma and pheochromocytoma, respectively. Conversely, FDG-PET allows for recognition of malignant adrenal lesions. Adrenalectomy is indicated for masses larger than 5 ㎝ in diameter or suspected of malignancy. Nonfunctioning cortical adenomas < 4 ㎝ size also should be followed clinically and radiographically. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has been used increasingly as the preferred approach in patients who require surgical resection whereas open adrenalectomy is reserved for patients with > 6 ㎝ in size and malignant tumors. Fine needle aspiration biopsy should not be used routinely but reserved for cases suspected of other extra-adrenal malignancy.
金弘燮,林采圭 조선대학교 부설 유전생물공학연구소 1993 유전생물공학연구지 Vol.3 No.-
人爲 突然變異 誘起에 의한 새로운 遺傳形質開發과 有用한 遺傳子 情報를 밝히기 위해 기호벼에서 얻어진 早期老化系統에 대하에 葉色素 含量, 千粒重의 경시적 변화, 葉의 組織特性, 光 反射率 및 透過率, 同位酸素 및 蛋白質 特性 등을 기호벼와 比較 分析하였다. 얻어진 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 기호벼에서 誘起 選拔된 早期老化系統은 生育初期에는 正常葉으로 表現되다가 出穗 後 20日傾부터 갑자기 葉이 黃變하여 급속히 老化가 進行되는 特性을 가지고 있다. 이 系統을 老化에 關聯되는 生理 生化學的 代謝機作을 밝히는 材料로 利用될 수 있을 것이다. 2. 早期老化系統의 總 葉綠素 含量은 出穗 後 20日 이후 급격히 減少하여 기호벼 葉綠素 含量의 67%를 나타냈고, carotenoid色素들에 있어서도 出穗 後 20日이후 급격히 減少하였다. 3. 早期老化系統의 總 葉綠索 含量은 出穗 後 20日부터 급격히 減少하였으나 千粒重은 出穗 後 25日부터 增加가 둔화되어 최종 千粒重은 기호벼에 比해 9% 減少하였다. 4. 早期老化系統과 기호벼에 있어서 葉 細胞 微細器菅의 差異는 出穗 後 20日까지는 볼 수 없었으나, 出穗 後 30日에는 뚜렷한 差異를 나타냈다. 특히 早期老化系統은 grana의 배열이 變形되면서 澱粉粒이 축적되어 葉綠體 모양이 파괴되어 있었다. 5. 個葉狀態에서 早期老化系統은 기호벼에 比에 光合成에 關與하는 400~700nm의 波長에서 反射率 및 透過率이 높았으며, 특히 560∼700nm의 赤色帶에서 더 높았다. 群落狀態에서도 早期老化系統의 反射率은 赤色帶부근에서 기호벼보다 높았다. 6. 等電點 電氣泳動法으로 esterase와 peroxidase 同位酸素 特性을, 그리고 SDS-PAGE 法으로 蛋白質 特性을 登熟時期別로 調査한 結果 두 系統間 質的인 差異는 보이지 않았으나 時期別로는 量的差異를 나타냈다. The early senescence mutant induced from Gihobyeo by γ-ray irradiation was determined. The mutanted gene expression was identified with comparing the characteristic of original cultivar. The mutant had so similar the morphological characteristics to original cultivar that it couldn't be distinguished until senescence occurred at about 20 days after heading. Suddenly yellow leaves were observed within a few days due to great decreases in total chlorophyll and various carotenoid contents. Transmission electron microscopy showed the formation of starch granules, destortion of fine structure of leaf cell organelles, especially grana structures, and the decrease in grain filled after senescence occurred. But banding patterns of total proteins and isozymes have not show any differences. The early senescence mutant will be very useful for study material not only on physiology and biochemistry of plant senescence but also on gene expression regulating senescence which gives great influence on yield potential and its stability.