유몽인 문학에서의 시안(詩案)과 시참(詩讖)

김홍백 ( Kim Hong-baek ) 한국한시학회 2016 韓國漢詩硏究 Vol.24 No.-

In this thesis, I explore the ways in which the Taking Poetic Penalty Case(詩案) and the Poetic Prophecy(詩讖) are connected mutually. In this regard, this paper examines the Taking Poetic Penalty Case and the Poetic Prophecy and critico-retrospection related thereto of Yu Mong-in(柳夢寅)`s Literature. Also this paper examines cognition on the Taking Poetic Penalty Case and the Poetic Prophecy and the Linguistic Prophecy(語讖) and the Prophecy of dreams(夢讖), the taking Linguistic penalty case(文案). and I explore how Political Things and Prophetic Things are interconnected. At the conclusion, I argue that the Theory of the Nature and Emotion(性情論) forms the basis of the Taking Poetic Penalty Case and the Poetic Prophecy caused of spiritual link and crisscross between politics and fate, the Way of Providence(天道) and the World of Human beings(人事) in the relationship between poem and poet, language and writer.

성인들의 태권도 활성화를 위한 방안과 프로그램 개발

김홍백(Hong Baek Kim),한성진(Seong Jin Han) 한국사회체육학회 2009 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.37

This research was carried out to show the best devices to revitalize Teakwondo for adults and what kinds of programs should be developed in Teakwondo for adults, in detail. The subjects used in this research were 280 parents, whose children were attending Teakwondo training schools, and live in the Kangwon and Kyungki province. The method was through a non-structed questionnaire with open-ended questions and qualitative methodology. The tests and results conducted with the methods were as follows. Firstly, there were 5 detailed sections and 678 original data drawn out as devices to revitalize Teakwondo for adults. "Developing programs enjoyable and helpful for health"(49.9%) was the highest out of 5 sections. "Developing program for turning spare time to good account"(336.%) and "Supplying better facilities of Teakwondo training schools" were followed. The results classified from the original data by detailed sections showed that it will be helpful to develop enjoyable programs, that could be learned easily(21.1%), to develop programs helpful for health(19.5%), to supply better facilities of Teakwondo training schools(9.6%), to develop new programs for adults, to make Teakwondo associations or clubs, to develop Teakwondo training schools as places helping turn spare time to good account and to create a good atmosphere for adults to join Teakwondo. Secondly, the devices of developing detailed programs to vitalize Teakwondo for adults were to develop enjoyable programs that could be learned easily(36.2%), to develop programs helpful for health(33.7%) and to develop new programs for adults(30.1%).The results classified from the original data by detailed sections represented that the adults filled their questionnaires with Taekwon gymnastics or Taekwon stretching, meditation and brain respiration training using Teakwondoo, strengthening body constitution using Teakwondo, Teakwondo training with music and running Teakwondo classes for adults.

자연과 인간, 하늘과 선비의 다툼 -유몽인(柳夢寅)의 「일사여천쟁부(一士與天爭賦)」 소고(小考)-

김홍백 ( Kim Hong-baek ) 근역한문학회 2017 한문학논집 Vol.46 No.-

In this thesis, I explore Yu Mong-in(柳夢寅)`s the Thought of Heaven and Human being(天人觀) focusing on 《The Bu(賦) of Conflict between one Seonbi(士, Classical Scholar) and Heaven(天)(一士與天爭賦)》. and I explore the thought historical meaning of the appearance of So-called “the human who is going to go beyond nature” in the medieval East Asia before the modern era. In this piece of work, the extreme discord and confrontation of the Heaven and the Human being are fully revealed. There is a reason to call it the so-called “The thought of conflict between Heaven and Human beings(天人相爭論)” adding “the thought of unity of Heaven and Human being(天人相關說)” of Dong Zhong-Shu(董仲舒) and “the thought of disrelation of Heaven and Human being(天人無關論)” of Liu Zong-yuan(柳宗元), and “the thought of human being who overcomes the Heaven(人能勝天論)” of Liu Yu-xi(劉禹錫). This type of “Human being against the mandate from Heaven(天命)” is a medieval East Asian form of “the human who is going to go beyond nature” which was regarded as modern.

이옥(李鈺)산문에서의 "성적쾌(性的快)"의 형상화 방식과 그 의미 : 「夜七」과 「七切」을 중심으로

김홍백 ( Hong Baek Kim ) 한국한문학회 2011 韓國漢文學硏究 Vol.0 No.48

李鈺(1760~1815)과 그의 작품에 대한 연구에는 연구시각에 있어서의 ''내재적 발전론''과 ''외재적 영향론'' 및 性談論에 있어서의 ''억압''과 ''균열''이라는 이분법적 도식 등이 공히 중첩되어 있다. 본고는 이와 같은 다소 관념적 도식을 극복하기 위하여, 실제 글쓰기의 ''문체적 층위''에서 이옥 산문의 미학적·윤리적 특질을 보다 선명하게 조명하려는 시도이다. 이를 위해 본고가 주목한 이옥의 글은 「夜七」과 「七切」이다. 이 두 편의 글은 枚乘의 「七發」에서 연원한 七體漢賦와 김성탄 비평본 西廂記의 ''不亦快哉'' 전통 위에서, 기왕의 七體와 ''不亦快哉'' 전통에 존재하지 않았던 ''남녀의 육체적 열망과 성교'' 부분을 새로 삽입하여 여성이라는 성적 대상을 통한 쾌락을 비롯한 현세적 욕망의 다양한 층위를 표현하였다. 특히 「七切」의 경우에는, 글 전체의 구조는 문답체를 통해 당대조선의 현세적 욕망과 유가의 ''玩物喪志''적 금지 욕망이 충돌하면서 ''逆說''의 미학적 효과를 구현해내는 한편, 단락 층위에서는 ''여인의 용모 묘사 - 한시 수창 - 성교''의 3단 구성을 통해 애정전기의 문체적 특징과 상통하는 섬려하고 화려한 문어체와 삽입시의 활용을 비롯, 4언구·3언구·6언구 등의 반복과 열거를 통한 다채로운 구자와 구식을 운용하여 감각적이고 화려한 서정성을 구현하였다. 그런데 「七切」의 결미는 이옥의 대리자인 花石子에 의해 앞에서 열거된 ''性的快''와 같은 현세적 욕망들이 부정되고 급기야 개인의 ''安分''이 ''經世''에의 지향으로 확장 연결된다는 점에서 이채롭다. 이는 私的영역에서의 현세적 쾌락이나 속화된 욕망과 달리, ''士''로서의 사회적 책무의식이 담지되어 있는 公的영역에서의 대사회적 욕망이라 할수 있다. 이런 점에서 「七切」은 앞 7개의 문답 구조 안에서는 客의 ''私的욕망[快]''이 더욱 호소력을 지니고 있다가, 이후 8번째 花石子의 논변에서는 유자로서의 ''公的욕망[快]''이 더욱 호소력을 지니게 되는 방식으로 구성되어 있다. 어느 한 쪽의 입장이 압도적인 우위를 점하지 않고, 상호 착종되면서 공히 ''快''로서 병존하고 있는 것이다. 본고는 이러한 私的·公的''快''의 병존 양상을 실제 이옥 자신이 꿈꾸었던 욕망의 모순적이고도 복합적인 면모로 파악하였다. A Study on the Literature of Lee Ok(李鈺) are overlapped by ''the Internal Development Theory'' and ''the External Influence Theory'' in the perspective of research and ''Repression'' and ''Crack''(a dichotomy of diagram) in the sexual discourse. To overcome these sorts of diagram, This thesis aimed at examining the aesthetic and ethical peculiarities of Lee Ok(李鈺)'s prose. To achieve this, This thesis focused on the 「Ya Chil(夜七, Seven Nights)」 and 「Chil Jeol(七切, Seven Rebuffs)」of Lee Ok. I explore the ways in which these two prose appropriates ''Chil Che Han Bu(七體漢賦)'' tradition of Mei Cheng(枚乘)'s 「Qi Fa(七發)」and ''Isn''t it delightful?(不亦快哉)'' tradition of Kim Songt'an(金聖嘆)'s Critical Works(『Xixiangji(西廂記)』). Particularly, the conclusion of 「Chil Jeol(七切, Seven rebuffs)」is very interesting. Because temporal desire such as sexual delightfulness(性的 快) of this prose are denied and after all expanded in the social perspective. It is not Personal Desire such as temporal pleasure but Public Desire such as sense of responsibility. But Personal Desire and Public responsibility are coexisted in the entire prose. I argue that these coexistance is compositive aspect of desire in the Lee Ok's prose.

국내 스키산업의 현황과 발전과제

김홍백(Hong Baek Kim) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2002 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.23 No.-

This study is aimed of understanding the present condition of the domestic ski industry and deterrent problems for the development of the ski industry, with suggested solutions. The present condition of the domestic ski industry was analyzed based on both domestic and foreign visitors, and ski-related irrational system and policy were presented of development. This study was conducted from August 1, 2001 to October 30, 2002. Resources of the study were: theses, books, reports, statistical data, magazines and daily newspapers related to the study. 1. There are currently 14 domestic ski slopes being operated, and 12 of them are located in Kangwon and Kyongki provinces. Four more ski slopes are expected for completion by 2005. 2. With the exception of the year 1997/98, ski season due to experiencing IMF, the number of ski slope visitors have been increasing, and number of for 2001/02 was over 4 million. 3. The number of foreigners visiting Korea is increasing every year, but 17% of the number of ski slope visitors for 2000/21 was decreased, and 24% of the total sales decreased. 4. For the ski industry, due to the season being short, ample funds were invested for resort establishments to maintain year-round operation, but above all other services; sales in skiing remained the highest. 5. By the governments tax law amendment, only a value added tax is currently imposed on the ski lift rights. However, because of the continual increase of the ski slope fees, only resulting as the operators sole profit. Therefore, legal standards should be set according to the raise of the ski slope fee, and its system should be restricted. 6. In the case of constructing ski slopes, since the process from its application to completion is entirely complex, necessary requirements for its simplification should be applied. 7. For the development of ski slopes, although it gives much support to the balanced development of the country and local economy, the environmental destruction and pollution from the developments should be minimized. 8. Accidents related with safety in Korean Ski areas are estimated to happen at the rate of 1,000 persons out of one thousand persons. That rate is relatives higher, compared with those in Japan and America. The main causes of the accidents related with safety are ·˚) a lack of the number of ski areas which can accommodate increasing skiers enough and ·￠) the negligence of the skiers for safety.

결사(結社)로서의 윤리와 경제 공동체 -조선 후기의 향도(香徒)와 동약(洞約) 담론을 중심으로-

김홍백 ( Kim Hong-baek ) 한국한문학회 2021 韓國漢文學硏究 Vol.- No.81

본고는 근대 이전 結社의 대표적 두 형태인 香徒와 鄕約을 통해 우리나라의 전통적인 영성/이념 공동체이자 상호부조적 마을/생활 공동체의 역사적ㆍ사상적 의미를 조망하고자 한 시도이다. 이를 위해 먼저 結社의 어원을 탐색하고 香徒와 鄕約의 관계에 대해 고찰하였으며 그 연장선상에서 洞約 내지 鄕約을 통해 鄕村에서의 인적ㆍ관계적 윤리와 사회ㆍ경제적 부조가 어떠한 상호적 실천규약으로 구축되고 있는지 조선후기 실학자 安鼎福의 洞約을 중심으로 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 나아가 안정복과 동시대의 실학자 柳壽垣의 의론을 중심으로 기층의 민간결사인 ‘香徒禊’가 經世的 治國의 측면에서 어떻게 새로이 사고되고 있는지 조망하였다. 이를 통해 안정복과 유수원은 향촌 사족 중심의 상하합계적 동약이냐, 시장ㆍ성읍까지 포괄하는 한민 중심의 실용주의적 향도계이냐의 차이를 차치한다면, 공히 일상과 생활의 日用事物을 중시하는 실학적 태도를 기반으로 조선의 민간결사인 鄕約이나 香徒를 각기 이론적으로 재인식하고 당시 조선의 사회경제적 현실 위에서 실천적ㆍ윤리적으로 사유했음을 검토하였다. This paper examines two representative forms of an Association(結社) in the late Chosŏn dynasty, the Hyang-do(香徒, Buddhist Associations) and Dong-yak(洞約, Village Covenant). Through this, this paper attempts to look at the historical and ideological significance of the traditional spiritual and ideological community in the East-Asia, as well as the mutual aid village and living community. First, the etymology of the Association(結社) was searched and the relationship between the Hyang-do(香徒) and Hyang-yak(鄕約) was considered. Focusing on the Dong-yak(洞約, Village Covenant) of the late Chosŏn Silhakja(實學者, Practical Leaning school scholar) An Chong-pok (安鼎福), I looked into the practice of relational ethics and socio-economic mutual aid in the village. In addition, in this paper, focusing on the arguments of contemporary Silhakja(實學者) Yoo Soo-won(柳壽垣), I reviewed how the people's private association, ‘Hyang-do(香徒)’, is newly thinking in terms of state governance. In conclusion, it can be seen that the two intellectuals both thought practically and ethically based on the Practical Leaning attitude of placing importance on daily life and daily affairs in the late Chosŏn Dynasty.

유몽인의 「안변삼십이책」 연구: 조선 중기 문학에서의 정치(政治)의 한 사례로서

김홍백 ( Hong Baek Kim ) 민족문학사학회·민족문학사연구소 2012 민족문학사연구 Vol.48 No.-

Yu Mong-in(柳夢寅, 1559~1623)`s <The 32-point Northward Policy>(安邊三十二策) is a full-length policy paper that was sent to Han Jun-gyeom(韓浚謙, 1557~1627) at the provincial governor of Hamgyeong-do. This paper is marked by Mong-in`s a prominent political reformist characteristic. The 32-point Northward Policy face up the socio-economic backwardness of Chosun(朝鮮) and have a critical mind to emerge from the backwardness by administrative·political·fiscal reform policy. I explore the ways in which his 32-point Northward Policy allude to various books on strategy(兵書) of ancient Classics, and the ways in which his 32-point Northward Policy describe the China`s various socio-economic advancements of contemporary Classics. Particularly, the latter is noteworthy that his thought is shared with the school of northern studies(北學派). They all, for instance, exhorted to emulate Chinese brick and wagon, to promote commerce and circulation of hard currency. In the forth chapter, I explore, furthermore, the connection between the books on strategy(兵書) and classical Prose(古文) as his ideological foundation, and it`s Significance in Middle and Latter Chosun Period. Consequently, I argue that Mong-in`s Political ideas has thoughts of The Politics based on books on strategy[Classical Prose] or The books on strategy[Classical Prose] based on Politics.

전환기 문학의 어긋남 - 변영만의 글쓰기를 중심으로

김홍백 ( Kim Hong-baek ) 한국고전문학회 2020 고전문학연구 Vol.58 No.-

In this thesis, I explore the perception of the times in the writing of Pyŏn Yŏng-man(卞榮晩; 1889-1954), an intellectual in the transition period, in a synchronic and comprehensive manner. Pyŏn Yŏng-man used both writing in classical Chinese script and writing in Korean mixed script in political and ideological time and space from the beginning of the 20th century to the post-liberation period. In this thesis, I examined in detail how Pyŏn Yŏng-man perceived the most acute issues of each era, such as imperialism and social evolution during the patriot-enlightenment times, colonial Chosǒn and Chosǒn people under the Colonial Period of Imperial Japan, and socialism and Karl Marx in the Liberation Space. In the transition period of Chosǒn, Pyŏn Yŏng-man reflected on the Western modern times such as imperialism, social evolution, material civilization, and socialism through spiritual and cultural values ​​such as religion and literature, and further sought alternatives beyond that. At the same time, Pyŏn Yŏng-man recognized imperialism, the theory of social evolution, Chosǒn and Chosǒn people, socialism, etc. as a cracked and ideological attitude. In this way, in the writings of Pyŏn Yŏng-man, these two conflicting attitudes coexist and confront. This is a birth pain in the process of struggling to coexist an incompatible concept pair of “writing in classical Chinese script and writing in Korean mixed script, tradition and modern, Eastern and Western” in the time and space of the modern transition period in East Asia. Therefore, the shortcomings such as contradiction, confusion, prejudice, and distortion that appear in the writings of Pyŏn Yŏng-man need to be viewed in a balanced way along with the merits of religion, literature, spirit and principle.

『대가문회(大家文會)』의 선록 양상과 그 의미

김홍백 ( Hong Baek Kim ) 한국고전문학회 2016 고전문학연구 Vol.49 No.-

In this thesis, I explore Selection aspect and its Meaning about Ancient writing in the Anthology Daegamun-hoe(大家文會) of Yu Mong-in(柳夢寅, 1559~1623). First of all, I reconstruct table of contents of 10 books 21 volumes by collectting odd volumes of Daegamun-hoe(大家文會) scattered in Each university and institution. and above all I investigate Selection aspect and the meaning of Zuo Zhuan(左傳) which appear most important in the Ancient writing(古文). Consequently, I argue that Yu Mong-in(柳夢寅)``s Anthology would not be limited to literary thing such as style and rhetoric, were made in the Political context reminded archetypical issue of politics and society and diplomacy in the international order and domestic problems that has been repeated obsessively through East Asia in the Middle Ages.

조선 지성사에서의 왕도(王道)와 패도(覇道) 담론

김홍백 ( Kim Hong-baek ) 한국고전문학회 2021 고전문학연구 Vol.60 No.-

In this thesis, I explore the discourse of the wang dao(王道, the way of the true king) and the ba dao(覇道, the way of the hegemon) in the Middle and the Late Chosŏn Dynasty. The problem of the wang dao(王道) and the ba dao(覇道) is that, ideologically, the discourses of Mencius(孟子) and Xunzi(荀子), Chu Hsi(朱熹) and Chin Liang(陳亮) have been consistently inherited. In addition, historically, the tension between ideal politics and real politics, which has been sharpened at each transition period, between the close of the Korea Dynasty & the beginning of Chosŏn Dynasty(麗末鮮初), the Japanese Invasion of Korea and the Manchu war(壬丙兩亂), the eastern penetration of western powers(西勢東漸) has been repeated and varied. In this thesis, I focused on various discourses that attempted to recognize both the wang dao(王道) and the ba dao(覇道), relativizing both sides of the wang dao(王道) and the ba dao(覇道) in a relationship with the wang dao(王道), beyond the conventional confrontational structure. To this end, I first review the general 'criticism of the ba dao(覇道)' in the Chosŏn Dynasty, and based on this, the tension between the king, who is the subject of power in real politics, and the ideological subject of Confucian ideal politics, in the time and space of the end of the Korea Dynasty, the middle of the Chosŏn Dynasty, and the 18th century. It examines how the historical irony between 'ethics and reality' was questioned. In addition, Lee Ik(李瀷), a Sirhak(Practical Learning) scholar in the late Chosŏn Dynasty, understood wang dao(王道) and the ba dao(覇道) as a balanced relationship between the ethics and system of 'grace and punishment'. It shed light on thinking as a kind of 'provisional utopia'. This can be said to be the attitude of the world as a 'Confucian realist'. Furthermore, this recognition of the wang dao(王道) and the ba dao(覇道) was inherited in two major streams in intellectual history of Late Chosŏn period. If one is a Confucian approval of the latter, 'profit(利)' in the mutual oppositive structure of 'the wang dao(王道) = righteousness(義) VS the ba dao(覇道) = profit(利)', the other is a simultaneous avoidance of the extreme bias toward the former, 'truth(道)', or the latter, 'vessel(器)' in the hierarchical structure of 'the wang dao(王道) = truth(道) VS the ba dao(覇道) = the vessel(器). This reveals a balanced perception between wang dao(王道) and the ba dao(覇道), righteousness(義) and profit(利), and end and means. In addition, in the Chosŏn Dynasty of the late 19th century, the logic of 'Bukhak(北學, Northern Learning)' that even the things of 'barbarian(夷狄)/ba dao(覇道)' should be learned if they are helpful to Chosŏn was gradually extended and inherited into the logic of 'Seohak(西學, western Learning)'. In the so-called ‘recognition of ba dao(覇道)’, it can be seen that the new discourse on the wang dao(王道) and the ba dao(覇道) is continuously intensifying until the turning point of the end of the 19th century in connection with the theory of civilization and barbarism(華夷論).