조선후기 사상사에 있어서 다산경학 (茶山經學) 의 의미

김호덕 한국종교연구회 1990 한국종교연구회회보 Vol.2 No.1

생체 신호와 몸짓을 이용한 감성인식 방법

김호덕,양현창,박창현,심귀보 한국지능시스템학회 2007 한국지능시스템학회 학술발표 논문집 Vol.17 No.1

Electroencephalographic(EEG)는 심리학의 영역에서 인간 두뇌의 활동을 측정 기록하는데 오래전부터 사용하였다. 과학의 발달함에 따라 점차적으로 인간의 두뇌에서 감정을 조절하는 기본적인 영역들이 밝혀지고 있다. 그래서 인간의 감정을 조절하는 인간의 두뇌 활동 영역들을 EEG를 이용하여 측정하였다. 본 논문에서는 EEG의 신호들과 몸짓을 이용해서 감정을 인식하였다. 특히, 기존에 생체신호나 몸짓 중 한 가지만을 이용하여 각각 실험해서 감성을 인식하였지만, 본 논문에서는 EEG 신호와 몸짓을 동시에 이용해서 피 실험자의 감성을 인식하는 실험을 하였다. 실험결과 기존의 생체신호나 몸짓 한 가지만을 가지고 실험했을 때의 인식률 보다 더 높은 인식률을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 생체신호와 몸짓들의 특징 신호들은 강화학습의 개념을 이용한 IFS(Interactive Feature Selection)를 이용하여 특징 선택을 하였다.

이른바 TK정서

김호덕 사회발전연구소 1998 한국인 Vol.17 No.6

마우스 고환의 간질세포에 관한 전자현미경적 관찰

김호덕,라봉진 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1985 中央醫大誌 Vol.10 No.1

For the study, seven normal adult ICR mice were used as the experimental animals. Two days prior to sacrifice, each animal was treated with 3% trypan blue and the testes were removed under ether anesthesia. Each testis was immersed into 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M collidine buffer, pH 7.4, for 2 hours under cold environment, and then, was sliced into about one cubic mm. The sliced tissue was re-fixed with the same fixative for an hour, and was post-fixed with ferro-cyanide-reduced 1% osmium tetroxide, pH 7.4, for an hour. And after routine treatment, each specimen was embedded into Epon 812 and 2 μm-thick semithin-sections were stained with 'Richardson's stain for identifcation of testicular interstitial cells. Ultrathin sections were stained with lead citrate and uranyl acetate and were examined under the JEOL 200CX transmission electron microscope. As a result, the most outstanding feature of the ultrastructure of the testicular interstitial cell was an abundant agranular endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER). In some of the examined cells, smooth ER was observed as a concentric lamellar structure and this was interconnected with vesicular smooth ER. Other features were abundant mitochondria, lipid droplets, granular endoplasmic reticulum(rough ER), free ribosomes, and microbodies. The plasma membrane of the testicular interstitial cell was not customary trilaminar in structure but a dense lint, and in some of the examined cells, it has villous projections and interdigitations. Nucleus of the testicular interstitial cell was mostly oval in shape and the chromatin was condensed near the nuclear envelope. Nucleoli were inconspicuous.

허혈 및 재관류시 관상혈관내 혈전형성에 관한 임상 및 실험적 연구

김호덕,정혜림,오승환,라봉진,Kim, Ho-Dirk,Jung, Hye-Lim,Oh, Seung-Hwan,Rah, Bong-Jin 한국현미경학회 1993 Applied microscopy Vol.23 No.1

Background: It has been well established and is now no longer a controversial issue that ischemia produces a series of inflammatory reactions and the ischemic myocardium cannot survive without adequate restoration of coronary flow, ie, reperfusion. Nevertheless, controversies that intravascular pluggings (IVP) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) or platelets may cause contractile dysfunction in ischemia and even in repefusion still remain. Accordingly, we attempted to examine the intravascular plug fomation as well as the ultrastructural changes in myocytes and microvessels and to determine the relation among them. Methods: 1) Human (n= 10, 39-63 years of age; 3 females and 7 males): left ventricular myocardium (LVM) was biopsied from chronic ischemic heart disease patient during bypass surgery. 2) Calf (Holstein-Friesian species, n=4): Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery (LCx) was occluded (ischemia) for 45 minutes and recanalized (reperfusion) for 3 and 6 hours, respectively and LVMs were biopsied after occlusion and recanalization, respectiverly. 3) Rat (Sprague-Dawley species, n=20): Left coronary artery (LCA) was occluded for 20 minutes and recanalized for an hour as the method described by Selye et al., (1960) and hearts were removed after occlusion and recanalization, respectively. 4) Pig (landrace type, n=7): Anterior ascending branch of the left coronary artery (LAD) was coccluded for 45 minutes and recanalized for 2 hours and LVMs were biopsied after occlusion and recanalization, repectively. All of the LVMs were routinely prepared for transmissiom electron microscopy. Rseults: In human, most of the LVM showed irreversible ultrastructural changes in myocytes and frequent IVPs by PMNs or platelets without any significant correlation with age or sex. In the animal LVM, myocytes showed reversible ultrastructural changes with slight variations in accordance with the species, duration of ischemia and reperfusion or site of biopsy, however, injuries were more severe in the subendocardial myocytes and IVPs by PMNs or platelets were frequently observed. Ultrastructural changes in the myocytes seemed to be gradually improved by recanalization, howerver, IVPs were still observed after recanalization. Conclusion: These results suggest that microvessels are more resistant to ischemic insult than the myocytes themselves and IVP by PMNs and platelets may play an important role to produce ischemic or reperfusion injuries. Thus, it is favorable that angioplasty is preceded by thrombolysis and it is likely that restoration of myocardial function requires relarively long period of time even after recanalization.

재관류시 외인성 칼슘 자극이 허혈 심근에 미치는 영향에 대한 전자현미경적 연구

김호덕,전상배,라봉진,Kim, Ho-Dirk,Chun, Sang-Bae,Rah, Bong-Jin 한국현미경학회 1991 Applied microscopy Vol.21 No.1

The effects of exogenous $Ca^{2+}$ stimulation on the post-ischemic myocardial cells were studied using isolated Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts. At the starting point of reperfusion, Tyrode solutions, each containing 2.0mM, 4.0mM and 8.0mM $CaCl_2$ respectively, were administered for 2 minutes apart by descending, ascending, or by combined sequences followed by standard Tyrode solution containing 1.0mM $CaCl_2$. The minutes of global ischemia produced reversible but moderate to severe degree of myocardial ultrastructrual changes including focal destruction of sarcolemma, loss of nuclear matrix, clumping and margination of chromatins, mitochondrial swelling, destruction of mitochondrial cristae, shortening of sarcomeres, focal loss of myofibrils, and separation of cell junctions. In spite of reperfusion, the ultrastructure was more severely damaged and irreversible changes such as intracellular fluid accumulation, contracted sarcomeres, mitochondrial destruction, disruption of sarcolemma, loss of nuclear matrix, and separation of cell junction were observed in a large number of cells. In contrast, Tyrode-perfused $Ca^{2+}$-stimulated myocardial cells showed relatively well preserved ultrastucture, except slight changes including focal mitochondrial swelling, widening of T-tubule, and widening of cell junctions, especially at fasciae adherentes. The post-ischemic $Ca^{2+}$-stimulated reperfused myocardial cells produced focal changes such as mitochondrial destruction, disintegration of sarcolemma, widening of T-tubule, and intracellular fluid accumulation with slight variation in degree of changes by the method of $Ca^{2+}$ administration sequence. However, in a large number of the myocardial cells, chromatins were redistributed relatively evenly in the nuclear matrix, mitochondrial cristae were tightly packed, and a considerable number of intramitochondrial granules and glycogen granules reap-pealed. These results indicate that exogenous $Ca^{2+}$ stimulation in the initial period of reperfusion may be beneficial to salvage or to reduce the post-ischemic myocardium from further deleterious changes, and that the beneficial effects may be derived from the reserves of the function of the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ regulating organelles and/or from the responsiveness of contractile apparatus to $Ca^{2+}$ stimulation.

Strategy of object search for distributed autonomous robotic systems

김호덕,심귀보,Han-Ui Yoon 한국지능시스템학회 2006 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.6 No.3

This paper presents the strategy for searching a hidden object in an unknown area for using by multiple distributed autonomous robotic systems (DARS). To search the target in Markovian space, DARS should recognize their surrounding at where they are located and generate some rules to act upon by themselves. First of all, DARS obtain 6-distances from itself to environment by infrared sensor which are hexagonally allocated around itself. Second, it calculates 6-areas with those distances then take an action, i.e., turn and move toward where the widest space will be guaranteed. After the action is taken, the value of Q will be updated by relative formula at the state. We set up an experimental environment with five small mobile robots, obstacles, and a target object, and tried to research for a target object while navigating in a un known hallway where some obstacles were placed. In the end of this paper, we present the results of three algorithms a random search, an area-based action making process to determine the next action of the robot and hexagon-based Q-learning to enhance the area-based action making process.

퇴계 이황의 예(禮) 인식 : 예(禮)의 불변성과 가변성의 문제를 중심으로

김호덕 서울대학교종교학연구회 1997 宗敎學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

사람태아에서 심장근육세포 세포뼈대의 발육에 관한 연구 ; α-와 β-tubulin

김호덕,김현,김현철,라봉진 대한해부학회 1996 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.29 No.1

fMRI와 EEG를 이용한 뇌파분석을 통한 사람의 감정 인식

김호덕,심귀보 제어로봇시스템학회 2007 제어로봇시스템학회 합동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.12