Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Real-World Data Analysis

김혜준,이상준,사순옥,배정호,송규선,이채원,Kim Ju Hee,심성률,홍명희,한현욱 대한당뇨병학회 2023 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.47 No.3

Background: Little is known about the adverse events (AEs) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: This study used vaccine AE reporting system data to investigate severe AEs among vaccinated patients with T2DM. A natural language processing algorithm was applied to identify people with and without diabetes. After 1:3 matching, we collected data for 6,829 patients with T2DM and 20,487 healthy controls. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio for severe AEs.Results: After COVID-19 vaccination, patients with T2DM were more likely to experience eight severe AEs than controls: cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, encephalitis myelitis encephalomyelitis, Bell’s palsy, lymphadenopathy, ischemic stroke, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), thrombocytopenia (TP), and pulmonary embolism (PE). Moreover, patients with T2DM vaccinated with BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 were more vulnerable to DVT and TP than those vaccinated with JNJ-78436735. Among patients with T2DM administered mRNA vaccines, mRNA-1273 was safer than BNT162b2 in terms of the risk of DVT and PE.Conclusion: Careful monitoring of severe AEs in patients with T2DM may be necessary, especially for those related to thrombotic events and neurological dysfunctions after COVID-19 vaccination.

시노폰 문학, 세계화문문학, 화인화문문학 ― 시노폰 문학(Sinophone literature) 주장에 대한 중국 대륙 학계의 긍정과 비판

김혜준 ( Kim Hye-joon ) 중국어문연구회 2017 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.80

In mainland China, scholars have been keeping an eye on the development of Sinophone literature discourse, with some expressing more direct interest in it. Many mainland scholars find the notion of Sinophone literature valuable in the way that it can potentially offer fresh academic vantage points, mobilize interdisciplinary methodologies, provide transnational perspectives, develop conversations of the international academic field beyond China, and make theoretical contribution to global literature studies. At the same time, however they often take much more critical stances toward the arguments produced from the Sinophone literature discourse. Most criticism is focused on the way Shu-mei Shih counterposes Sinophone communities(or overseas Chinese) with mainland China. Also, they argue against Shih`s literary interpretations based on ideas like “against diaspora”, “anti-Sino-centrism”, “internal colonialism”, and “settler colonialism”. Mainland scholars identify Shih`s argument as a separatist one that sets the mainland and Taiwan apart, essentially a vestige of Cold War ideology. Moreover, they do not limit their criticism to the argument itself, but extend to conditions of reasoning. They object that it is a case of simple application or misappropriation of postcolonial theory, minor literature theory, and other Western theories to the Chinese and the oversea Chinese problematics. Although these criticisms are justifiable, some of them are rather unnecessarily excessive. Meanwhile, it is rarer to find mainland scholars making exclusively criticism against David Der-Wei Wang`s argument and reasoning. The scarcity can probably be traced from the fact that Wang`s argument has many overlaps with those of the mainland scholars, as well as the way his argument highlights the possibility and the need for productive conversations. However, this does not indicate that there are no criticisms against Wang`s argument. In fact, mainland scholars challenge the way Wang translates the term “Sinophone” to “Huayu Yuxi(華語語系)”. Also, they are wary of the possibility that Wang comprehends the politics between mainland Chinese and the Sinophone community (which includes internally the ethnic minorities and other communities that do not align with PRC nationalism, and externally, the Taiwanese, Hong Kong, Macau, and Overseas Chinese) as domestically a repressive one and externally an imperial project. Even when political stances are set aside, Sinophone literature scholars and mainland scholars have substantial differences in the way they view literature itself. The differences stand out most sharply in how they understand Chinese literature (mainland Chinese-language literature, Taiwanese literature, Hong Kong literature, Macau literature) and overseas Chinese-language literature. Mainland scholars tend to maintain the Sino-centric (or mainland-centric) perspectives, whereas those arguing for Sinophone literature understand Sinophone literature as an independent and autonomous sphere, which ultimately is unrelated or at least on an equal playing field with Chinese (or mainland Chinese-language) literature. It might as well be said that such disagreement in how each define and categorize Chinese literature and overseas Chinese-language literature signifies the most revealing differences between Sinophone literature scholars and the mainstream mainland scholars. Despite apparent disagreement, one must not overlook their commonalities or similarities. They both attach great importance to linguistic element (Chinese/Hanyu/Huayu), as well as the interpretation of the Sinophone literature(or world Chinese literature)`s relationship with mainland China. Regardless of their political stances or intention, this tendency can lead to perhaps not the most desirable effect: they might end up producing an imagined community that exceeds China as political being or historical/cultural being, namely, “the grand Sino-community”. It is imperative that Sinophone literature scholars make serious consideration of both their own arguments and the insights that have emerged from the mainland scholars` criticisms. That is, instead of confining the concept of Sinophone literature to examination of its relationship with China, the concept can be mobilized to discuss its relationship with residence, Eurocentrism (Westcentrism), and most significantly, the transnational migrant literature. Only then the Sinophone literature as a critical theory can make crucial contribution to reshaping the Eurocentric tenor of the World literature conversation.

예쓰(也斯) 소설 ≪포스트식민 음식과 사랑(後殖民食物與愛情)≫의 홍콩 상상과 방식

김혜준 ( Kim Hye-joon ) 중국어문연구회 2016 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.75

In Ye Si (也斯)’s collection of short stories ― Postcolonial Affairs of Food and the Heart (≪後殖民食物與愛情≫), the omnipresent narrators/author suggest the omnipresence of Hong Kong. Characters and events are imbricated across independent stories, producing rich referentiality and imaginary margins. The characters are the capricious and unstable ordinary commoners with their own concerns, and they speak and think of petty details of everyday lives and social relationships throughout the book. The narrators not only describe but also constantly comment and annotate on the characters’ accounts, words and behaviors in a trifling way. By doing so, the author transpose individual memories into a collective history, and also historicize and spatialize Hong Kong’s urban scape and social concerns. Through this writing strategy, Ye Si does not intend to present a coherent unity that could be seamlessly explained by particular theories or extrinsic standpoints. Instead, he attempts to represent a synthetic world composed by the complex entanglement of numerous individuals, accounts, memories and relationships. Hence, it seems that there is nothing that does not exist (everything exists) in Ye Si’s representation of Hong Kong. While everything may appear disorderly and chaotic, they are intertwined with each other in obvious or covert ways, and moreover, they mix, hybridize, and coexist with each other.

디지털 리터러시 교육 실행에 대한 교사의 인식 : 학교의 지원을 중심으로

김혜준(Kim, Hae June),최지수(Choi, Jisoo),임지영(Lim, Ji Young),임규연(Lim, Kyu Yon) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.15

본 연구는 디지털 리터러시 교육 실행에 대한 교사의 인식을 제고하기 위해 어떠한 학교의 지원이 필요한지에 대한 시사점 도출을 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 디지털 리터러시 교육 실행에 대한 교사의 인식을 정보통신기술(Information & Communication Technology, ICT)에 대한 효능감과 디지털 리터러시 교육 실행의도로 구분하고, 학교의 지원은 학교관리자의 지원(교수학습활동지원, 교육과정편성운영지원)과 학교 환경적 지원으로 구분하여 그 관계를 살펴보았다. 전국의 중·고등학교 교사 301명의 설문조사 자료를 바탕으로 다중회귀분석 및 분산분석을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교사의 ICT 효능감을 유의하게 예측하는 요인은 학교관리자의 교수학습활동지원이었고, 교사의 디지털 리터러시 교육 실행의도를 유의하게 예측하는 요인은 학교관리자의 교수학습활동지원과 환경적 지원이었다. 둘째, 학교관리자가 다양한 정보와 자료 제공, 교내외 연수활동 장려 등과 같이 교수학습활동에 대한 지원을 제공한다고 교사들이 인식할 때, 교사의 ICT 효능감과 디지털 리터러시 교육 실행의도가 높았다. 또한, 학교 자체에서 교육을 위한 장소나 시간 제공, 교육 계획 및 실행과 관련한 도움을 제공한다고 인식할 때 교사의 디지털 리터러시 교육 실행의도가 높았다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 교사의 디지털 리터러시 교육 실행과 관련한 인식을 높이기 위해 학교관리자 측면 및 학교 환경적 측면에서 이루어져야 하는 지원 전략에 대하여 논의하였다. The purpose of this study is to suggest which type of school supports should be provided to enhance teachers’ intention of the implementation of digital literacy education. Researchers analyzed the relationships between school support(school leaders’ support for instructional activities, support for curriculum planning and implementation, and environmental/organizational support), teachers‘ ICT efficacy, and teachers’ intention to implement digital literacy education). Data collected from 301 middle and high school teachers were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and one-way ANOVA. The results were as follows: First, leaders’ support, especially the support for instructional activities, significantly predicted the ICT efficacy, while the support for instructional activities and environmental support significantly predicted the intention of teachers to implement digital literacy education. Second, teachers had a higher level of ICT efficacy and intention to implement digital literacy education when they perceived that school leaders motivated to improve instruction and learning methods, provided various information and learning materials, and encouraged ICT training for teachers. In addition, teachers were more likely to implement digital literacy education when the school provided facilities or time for digital literacy education, allowed flexibilities in class organization, and provided help regarding planning and implementation for digital literacy education. Based on these results, we discussed which school support strategies are in priority in order to improve the implementation of digital literacy education.

논문(論文) : 홍콩작가 류이창(劉以창)의 소설 ≪술꾼(酒徒)≫의 가치와 의의

김혜준 ( Hye-joon Kim ) 중국어문연구회 2015 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.72

In his novel The Drinker(酒徒), Liu Yichang(劉以창) establishes ‘a drinker’ as the main protagonist, who alike the author himself, is a dual status character that possesses both outsider’s view as an immigrant and insider’s perception as a resident. Furthermore, through an efficacious execution of the strengths of stream of consciousness novels, he reaches beyond the inner realm of the narrator, skillfully depicting complex and contradictory situation of Hong Kong. It is to be noted that the significance of The Drinker in Hong Kong literature is not restricted to its relatively early attempt at delineating various faces of Hong Kong such as its city environment, lifestyles, social phenomena and cultural state, with the city as its setting. It is crucial that Liu Yichang’s work also prognosticated the possibility of immigrants’ Hongkongization(香港化) by describing their identity crises and unstable mentalities. The Drinker embodies a profuse amount of key themes and characteristic styles that has been marking Hong Kong literature since 1950s. For example, a deep contemplation into the problems of commercialization of literature and popularization of culture as well as conflicts and affinity between pure and popular literature are captured in the book. Moreover, as it can be similarly observed in ensuing works by Xi Xi(西西) or Yesi(也斯), the novel employs the method of listing a myriad of diverse objects and issues, distinctive places and items, and fragments of everyday life of this city called Hong Kong to give an impression that the city itself is the main character. The intimacy between The Drinker and Hong Kong is even partly connoted in the story’s protagonist’s (au fond, Liu Yichang) assessments on Chinese modern literature(Chinese new literature) writers and their works. His evaluations were not limited by the conventions of contemporary Mainland China that either prioritized enlightenment and salvation of the nation or highlighted realist and romanticist literature. In addition, the creative process of some of the authors eulogized by him were in close connections with Hong Kong, having worked or published in the city. Lastly, it is also to be noted that The Drinker adroitly portrays a critical perception on capitalistic, popular-consumeristic modern civilization, unbounded by its specific regional or national background of Hong Kong or China.

논문(論文) : 홍콩작가 류이창(劉以□)의 소설 ≪술꾼(酒徒)≫의 가치와 의의 ― "의식의 흐름" 문제를 중심으로

김혜준 ( Hye Joon Kim ) 중국어문연구회 2015 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.70

Liu Yi-chang attempts to depict ‘inner reality’ in his novel The Drinker, using character’s stream of consciousness as its subject matter. A variety of commonly used techniques and devices of stream-of-consciousness fiction such as interior monologue, psychological free association, montage, image and pattern has been skillfully employed in the book, with some additional creative measures. The Drinker’s accomplishment as a stream-of-consciousness fiction does not stop here; it ultimately presents such literary tools in a masterful conjunction with overall message of the work. In other words, by describing character’s inner state full of conflicts and contradictions as a result of irrational social reality, the author successfully criticizes the underlying presence of such society. It could be said that The Drinker is lauded not only because it is the pioneering work of stream-of-consciousness fiction in Chinese literature, but also because the novel reaches a state of artistic achievement through its deep insight with corresponding form and technique.

1997년 후 홍콩소설에 나타난 여성의 모습 : 어머니, 딸, 부인을 중심으로

김혜준 ( Hye Joon Kim ) 中國語文硏究會 2008 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.39

홍콩 칼럼산문의 현황과 미래

김혜준 ( Hye Joon Kim ) 中國語文硏究會 2007 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.33

산업배열 및 부산물을 활용한 1톤급 바이오수소 생산 시뮬레이터 동적 열설계

김혜준(Hyejun Kim),김석연(Seokyeon Kim),안준(Joon Ahn) 대한설비공학회 2017 설비공학 논문집 Vol.29 No.5

This paper proposes a hydrogen-based social economy derived from fuel cells capable of replacing fossil fuels and resolving global warming, It thus provides an entry for developing economically feasible social configurations to make use of bio-hydrogen production systems. Bio-hydrogen production works from the principle that microorganisms decompose water in the process of converting CO to CO2, thereby producing hydrogen. This study parts from an analysis of an existing 157-ton class NA1 bio-hydrogen reactor that identifies the state of feedstock and reactor conditions. Based on this analysis, we designed a 1-ton class bio-hydrogen reactor process simulator. We carried out thermal analyses of biological heat reactions, sensible heat, and heat radiation in order to calculate the thermal load of each system element. The reactor temperature changes were determined by modeling the feed mixing tank capacity, heat exchange, and heat storage tank. An analysis was carried out to confirm the condition of the feed mixing tank, heat exchanger, heat storage tank capacity as well as the operating conditions of the system so as to maintain the target reactor temperature.

폐열을 활용한 1 톤급 바이오 수소 생산 시뮬레이터의 동적 열설계

김혜준(Hye Jun Kim),안준(Joon Ahn) 대한기계학회 2017 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2017 No.5