서구 복지국가들의 빈곤원인 인식 실태와 결정양상: 개인 및 국가 수준 변수들의 영향에 대한 다층분석을 중심으로

김형관 ( Hyeong Kwan Kim ),이상록 ( Sang Rok Lee ) 한국사회복지정책학회 2014 사회복지정책 Vol.41 No.2

본 연구에서는 서구 복지국가들에서 빈곤원인 인식의 실태와 복지국가 및 복지체제간 차이, 빈곤원인 인식의 결정양상에 대한 다층분석을 통해 복지국가들의 특성과 빈곤원인 인식의 관계를 심층 분석하고, 한국사회의 복지국가 발전에 제기되는 함의들을 도출하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서의 구체적인 연구문제 분석에는 개인 수준에서의 유럽가치관조사(EVS)자료 및 복지국가 특성에 대한 국가 수준의 자료들을 결합한 다수준 데이터를 활용하였으며, 빈곤원인 인식의 결정에 미치는 개인 특성 및 국가 특성의 영향을 체계적으로 파악하기 위해 다층분석모델을 적용, 분석하였다. 분석결과에서는 사회 대중의 빈곤원인 인식은 복지체제 및 복지국가에 따라 편차가 있다는 점을 확인할 수 있었으며, 특히 개인책임 빈곤원인 인식은 자유주의 복지체제에서, 반면 사회책임의 빈곤원인 인식은 사민주의 복지체제에서 두드러지는 것으로 확인되었다. 한편, 복지국가들에서 빈곤원인 인식은 인구학적 특성 및 가치태도 등의 개인 특성뿐 아니라 해당 국가의 제반 특성들과도 주요한 관련성을 지닌 것으로 확인되었다. 특히, 빈곤원인 인식의 결정 양상에 대한 다층분석 결과에서는 개인 특성뿐 아니라 복지체제 유형 및 경제수준, 소득불평등도, 인구구성 등의 국가적 특성이 주요하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되어, 사회대중의 빈곤원인 인식에는 복지국가 특성이 또한 주요하게 관련되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 복지국가 특성과 사회 대중의 인식간 체계적 관련성을 보여주는 바로, 복지국가의 사회문화적 풍토에의 중요성을 시사하며, 아울러 한국사회의 복지국가로의 질적 도약을 위해서는 사회 대중의 책임 인식 및 연대의식의 제고가 필히 요구됨을 제기하여 준다. In this article we perform comparative analyses on the popular beliefs about poverty attributions among the Western European welfare states and analyse the determinants of the public perceptions about the causes of the poverty. Using the individual level data - the European Values Study (EVS) 2008/2009 - and country level data, we especially investigate the relationship between public perceptions about the causes of poverty and the welfare state``s characteristics. The results indicate that there are differences in the public perceptions about poverty among the welfare states. Liberal welfare states seem to support the individualistic explanations more but social democratic welfare states are more likely to support the structural explanations. From the results of hierarchical generalized linear model analysis, we find that public perceptions about the causes of the poverty are determined by individual- level factors as well as country-level factors. The results of this study suggest that there is strong relationship between the public perceptions about the poverty and the welfare state``s characteristics and that welfare culture and public attitudes are important to the development of welfare state. These findings from the Western European welfare states suggest that welfare state culture should be created in Korea so as to jump up to the advanced welfare states.

저출산 정책에 대한 여성의 주관적 인식에 관한 질적연구 -결혼, 출산, 양육 경험을 중심으로-

김형관 ( Kim Hyeong-kwan ),최혜정 ( Choi Hye-jeong ) 한국자치행정학회 2021 한국자치행정학보 Vol.35 No.1

This study aims to examine the experience of women, who are directly involved, to find countermeasures against the low fertility in Korean society. To this end, it conducted the focus group interview and composed 24 woman participants who are in the life cycle of marriage, fertility, and child rearing into 4 groups to search the data. As a result of the study, it derived < The dilemma of low fertility policy that people can't feel and sympathize > as a pending issue related to low fertility in Korean society, and it showed < Taking a leap as a family policy that people enjoy and feel > as a future direction. The significance of this study is to research the low fertility policies from the perspective of life cycle, and to be derived the pending issue and countermeasures reflecting women's subjective consciousness. In addition, it became the basic data to develop sustainable policies of low fertility, reflecting women's opinions. Based on this, it is expected that the low fertility policy in Korean society will be the beginning of discussions to develop as a family policy.

노인의 인지기능에 미치는 빈곤 영향과 건강행태 및 사회활동의 조절효과

김형관 ( Kim Hyeong-kwan ),이상록 ( Lee Sang-rok ) 한국사회복지연구회 2021 사회복지연구 Vol.52 No.1

Despite growing health inequality studies in Korea, there has been a lack of research on the cognitive functions inequalities among the elderly. On the base of health inequality perspective, this paper analyses the effects of poverty on cognitive function of the elderly. In addition, this paper explores moderating effects of health behavior and social activities. Data used in the analyses comes from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Major findings are as follows. First, there are considerable disparities in cognitive functions between poor and non-poor elderly. The cognitive functions of the poor elderly are worse than the non-poor. Second, from the regression model analyses we found out the significant effects of the poverty status on the cognitive functions. Third, health behavior(exercise) and social activities(travel) are found out to moderate the poverty effects on the cognitive functions. These results show that in the cognitive functions of the elderly there has been patterns of health inequalities by the poverty status. And, they suggest such policy implications that action to mitigate the elderly poverty are very important for prevention the cognitive impairment problems. And, the actively use of exercise program or travel programs are required in the social welfare fields in order to alleviate cognitive declines among the poor elderly.

농촌 노인의 신체건강이 우울에 미치는 영향과 사회활동 참여의 조절효과

김다혜 ( Kim Da-hye ),이상록 ( Lee Sang-rok ),김형관 ( Kim Hyeong-kwan ) 한국자치행정학회 2020 한국자치행정학보 Vol.34 No.4

Policy and academic attentions to the health problems of the elderly has been increasing with the rapid demographic aging in Korea. But, there has been insufficient of researches on the health of the rural elderly, the most vulnerable population group, especially the relationships between physical health and mental health. In order to understand the various health patterns of the rural elderly, this study analyses the multidimensional relationships between physical health, depressions, and social activities among the rural elderly. Especially, we explore the moderating effects of the social activities. Data used in the analyses come from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Findings are as follows. First, from the regression model analyses we found out the significant effects of the physical health and social activities on the depression. Second, formal and informal social activities are found out to moderate the effect of the objective physical health(chronic disease) on the depression. These results show that the physical health and mental health are actively correlated over the aging and various health patterns of the rural elderly come from the moderating roles of the social activities. Results of this study suggest policy implication such that the expansion of social activity programs are required so as to improve the multi-dimensional health and welfare of the rural elderly.

한국사회 복지태도 유형의 변화와 영향 요인 - 복지확대와 복지증세에 대한 이중적 복지태도를 중심으로 -

이상록 ( Lee Sang-rok ),김형관 ( Kim Hyeong-kwan ) 한국자치행정학회 2021 한국자치행정학보 Vol.35 No.4

In this article, we study changes of the welfare attitude types over the welfare expansion and tax-increase so as to investigate changing patterns and peculiarity of the attitude about welfare issues in Korea. Especially, we examine changes of the ambivalent attitudes because they have been the controversial and important issue in welfare politics in Korea. Using the data from the Korea Welfare Panel Survey 2013th~2019th, we investigate the change patterns of attitudes types and determinants of their changes. The main results are as follows. First, estimates of the changing ratio in four attitude types are about 50~70%. This results suggest that dynamic changing of the attitudes is a peculiarity of Koreans’ welfare attitudes. Second, results of the logistic models shows that the socio-demographic factors(ie. gender, age, education, living area) are more important to change of the attitude types than political ideology, income class. This result suggests that changes of welfare attitude types are more strongly related with individual or group interests in Korea. Third, from the result that ratio of maintaining ambivalent attitudes from T to T+3 are about 40%, we found that ambivalent welfare attitudes is very unstable in Korea. This study findings suggest that dynamic changes of the welfare attitudes toward the welfare issues is a peculiarity of the korean’s welfare attitudes. And they imply that considerations of the volatility and multi-dimensionality of welfare attitude are necessary to advance in-depth understandings of the korean’s welfare attitudes.

한국사회에서의 세대와 복지태도

이상록(Lee, Sang Rok),김형관(Kim, Hyeong Kwan) 경성대학교 사회과학연구소 2013 社會科學硏究 Vol.29 No.3

최근 한국사회에서는 세대 갈등의 정치적 영향력이 고조되는 상황으로 세대들의 복지태도는 현재 뿐 아니라 향후의 복지정치 및 복지체제 전개양상을 규정하는 주요 측면이라는 점에서 각별한 주목이 요청된다. 이러한 문제의식에 기초하여 본 연구에서는 주요 세대들이 지닌 복지태도의 특성 및 세대간 차이, 복지태도에 미치는 세대 영향을 분석함에 주목하였다. 그리고 이를 통해 한국사회 복지태도의 세대간 균열 양상 및 복지태도 결정에의 세대 효과를 검토하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 5차년도 한국복지패널 조사자료,곧 가구 및 가구원, 복지인식부가조사 자료를 결합한 데이터를 분석자료로 활용하여 세대와 복지태도의 관련성을 다각도로 분석하였다. 분석결과에서는 주요 세대간 곧 산업화세대, 민주화세대, 신세대의 복지태도에 유의미한 차이가 나타나 한국사회 복지태도의 세대간 균열 양상을 확인할 수 있었다. 회귀분석모델 분석에서 세대는 복지태도 변수들에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 복지태도 결정에의 세대 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고, 세대효과 발생 맥락을 파악하기 위한 분석에서는 복지태도에의 세대 효과는 세대간 교육수준 및 이념 성향의 차이에서 비롯된 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 한국사회 복지태도의 균열 양상과 결정 특성을 파악함에 있어 개인의 사회경제적 특성 및 자기이해 뿐 아니라 세대 특성이 주목되어야 할 것임을 보여주며, 세대간 복지태도 차이는 향후 복지이슈를 둘러싼 세대간 갈등과 대립을 시사한다는 점에서 이에 대한 각별한 정치적, 정책적 주목의 필요성을 또한 제기하여 준다. Recently the political influences of inter-generational conflicts are increasing in Korea. This paper investigates the effects of the generation on the public attitudes toward the social welfare at the individual level. Using the data from the Additional Survey of 2010 Korea Welfare Panel Survey(Welfare Attitudes),we analyses the differences of welfare attitudes across the generations, the effect of the generation on the welfare attitudes, and the causes of the "generation effect" on the welfare attitudes. The major findings are as follows; The analyses results show that there are significant differences in welfare attitudes across the generations. This result indicates the existence of the intergenerational differences in public attitudes toward the social welfare in Korea. Regression analyses results show that the generation variables have a significant effect on public attitudes toward social welfare. From the analyses on effects of the mechanism variables, we found that "generation effects" result from the differences of education and political ideology among the generations. This findings of this study suggest the analysis approaches under the various perspective are necessary to investigate the features of the Korean"s welfare attitudes. Additionally, this findings imply that the political attention to the inter generational differences of the welfare attitudes are required to understand the dynamics of welfare politics in Korea.

빈곤 가정 아동의 그릿에 영향을 미치는 요인 연구

원유정 ( Won Yu Jung ),최혜정 ( Choi Hye Jeong ),김형관 ( Kim Hyeong Kwan ) 한국학교사회복지학회 2021 학교사회복지 Vol.- No.53

본 연구의 목적은 빈곤 가정 아동의 건강한 성장을 돕기 위해 그릿에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하는 데에 있다. 이를 위한 연구문제는 첫째, 빈곤 가정 아동의 그릿에 영향을 미치는 개인적, 가족적, 학교 환경적 요인을 확인한다. 둘째, 이들 요인 간의 상대적 영향력을 검증하고자 한다. 이를 위해 D지역에 거주하는 빈곤 가정 아동 382명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고 분석 방법은 SPSS 22.0을 활용하였다. 분석결과, 인구학적 요인으로는 주관적 건강이 좋을수록 유의미하였고, 개인요인은 자아존중감이 높을수록, 공격성이 낮을수록 그릿이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 가족요인으로는 양부모 가구일수록, 부모애착이 높을수록, 학교환경요인은 성적이 높을수록, 또래관계가 좋을수록 그릿이 유의미하게 높음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 빈곤 가정 아동의 보호요인 정보를 축적함과 동시에 긍정적인 성장 요인인 그릿을 증가시키는 변인을 확인하였다는 데에 의의가 있다. 이러한 연구결과를 근거하여 결론부분에서는 빈곤 가정 아동의 그릿을 증가시키기 위한 실천적 함의를 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to find the factors influencing grit that helps out healthy growth of Children in poor families. The study issues are as follows: the first one is to find the personal, family, and school environment factors influencing grit of Children in poor families; the second one is to examine the relative influence of these factors. To achieve that, this researcher conducted a questionnaire survey with 382 Children in the families under National Basic Livelihood Beneficiary, living in D district. As an analysis method, SPSS 22.0 was applied. According to the analysis, regarding demographical factors, the better subjective health, the more significant. Regarding personal factors, the more they had self-esteem and the less they had aggressiveness, the more they had grit. Regarding family factors, as they had both-parent families and higher parent attachment, their grit was significantly high. Regarding school environment factors, as they had a higher school record and a better peer relationship, their grit was significantly high. This study is meaningful in the point that it accumulated protective factor information of Children in poor families and verified the variables to increase their grit as a positive growth factor. Based on the study results, it suggested practical implications to increase their grit in the conclusion section.

노인학대 지속기간에 영향을 미치는 요인 -전라북도 지역 2007-2016년 사례를 중심으로-

배진희 ( Jin-hee Bae ),정미순 ( Mee-soon Jung ),김형관 ( Hyeong-kwan Kim ) 전북대학교 사회과학연구소 2021 지역과 세계 Vol.45 No.4

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the abused elderly, that of the abuser, and that of the family environment that affect the duration of elder abuse to derive implications for the prevention and mitigation of the long-term abuse of the elderly. Using a pooled time series cross-sectional method, 1,326 abuse cases reported to Elder Protection Agencies in Jeonbuk province were analyzed. A multinominal logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors that influence abuse duration. Analysis showed that age, living with the abuser, education level, dementia, type of abuse, and dependency of victims affected the duration of abuse. In addition, the relationship with the elderly victim, employment status, health status, dependency, and family economic difficulties of the abuser affected the duration of abuse. Based on the results of this analysis, implications for preventing and intervening in prolonged abuse of the elderly are suggested.