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김형식 ( Hyung Sik Kim ),황윤섭 ( Yun Seop Yun ) 국제지역학회 2011 국제지역연구 Vol.15 No.3
The emergence of new multipolar world economy along with the predominant growth of emerging economies encourages these emerging countries to internationalize their currencies. Currently the discrepancy between qualification and status of international currency is easily observed, and the emerging market currencies are no doubt underestimated considering their share of the world`s economic size and trade volume. This paper studies the determinant factors of currency internationalization for five key currencies (US Dollar, Yen, Euro, Pound, and Swiss Franc). The analysis shows economic size, trade volume, and the stability of price and exchange rate are most important. Based on this result, Chinese Yuan is forecast to become a new international currency in the near future. Therefore, Korea needs to preempt the issue of regional economic integration, and even currency integration, by taking into account the possibility of internationalized Yuan.
학교 실내공간의 웨이파인딩(wayfinding) 개선을 위한 Signage System 연구 - 미시건주의 공립학교 사례를 중심으로 -
김석경(Kim, Suk-Kyung),손준태(Son, Jun-Tae),린다 누바니(Nubani, Linda),김준현(Kim, Jun-Hyung) 한국실내디자인학회 2019 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.21 No.3
The main research question of this project is, if schools in the State of Michigan are designed to secure students from violent crimes or during an emergency situation. To answer this question, this research aims to examine students’ and parents’ opinions about school safety in terms of both indoor and outdoor environments. The study conducted focus groups and collected their input for creating safe school environments. Their responses were based on their experiences and perceptions. A total of 25 students, 11 parents, and 2 former students participated in focus groups. The findings highlighted a high level of visibility, accessibility, and territoriality of school buildings and campuses. Especially, a well-defined signage system was emphasized. This will help student to navigate buildings and find the accurate evacuation routes quickly. The findings also emphasized on providing accessibility to elevators or exits for the students and staff members with physical disabilities. The evacuation route should be clearly defined and exits doors should be secured. A color-coded signage system with consistent design and fonts was strongly supported.
김광기(Kim Kwang-Ki),문형재(Moon Hyung-Jae),김정진(Kim Jeong-Jin),박순전(Park Soon-Jeon),정상진(Jung Sang-Jin) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.28 No.1(구조계)
Carbonation is measured as Phenolphthalein Solution, it is possible to confirm the scope of alkali through acid and basic reaction. Then, Concrete Basic Reaction is decided according to alkali concentration depending on Potassium Hydroxide Now that Carbonation is gradually produced toward inner side from outer side, with time going by, it doesn't work, to some adequate depth, in as fast time as compulsory facilitating test. Thus, this research thesis made a comparative analysis on concrete phenomenal discoloration borderline following Phenolphthalein Solution, as part of a bid to measure Carbonation. Also, the thesis measured 'Concrete Alkali Concentration. The result showed that concrete coloring is classified into red and scarlet according to alkali concentration, and into borderline breakpoint of the speckle of scarlet and carbonation reaction. The higher chroma becomes with concrete decolorizing, the higher alkali concentration becomes.
관절경하 AO 무두 압박 나사를 이용한 견갑골 전방 관절와 분쇄 골절의 치료
김형식(Hyung-Sik Kim),고일현(Il-Hyun Koh),김성국(Sung-Guk Kim),천용민(Yong-Min Chun),김성재(Sung-Jae Kim),강호정(Ho-Jung Kang) 대한견주관절의학회 2011 대한견주관절학회지 Vol.14 No.1
목적: 견갑골 전방 관절와 분쇄 골절에 대해 관절경하 정복 및 AO 무두 압박 나사를 이용하여 골편을 고정한 증례를 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 31세 남자로 내원 2주 전 추락 후 발생한 좌측 견관절의 전방 관절와 분쇄 골절에 대하여 관절경하에서 골절을 정복한 후, 표준 전상방 삽입구를 통해 1.1 mm K 강선을 가이드핀으로 삽입하고 AO 무두 압박 나사로 골편을 고정하였다. 결과: 수술 후 12개월째 견관절의 운동 범위는 정상 범위로 회복 되었으며, 골절은 유합을 얻었고 일상 생활에 불편감은 없었다. 결론: AO 무두 압박 나사는 나사의 길이가 다양하여 작은 관절와 골편에 사용하기 적합하고, 가이드 핀의 길이가 상대적으로 짧으나 1.1 mm K 강선으로 대체가 가능하며, 나사 돌리개 (screw driver)나 천공기 (drill bit) 등의 동반 기구의 길이가 길어 비교적 깊은 위치의 견갑과 골절의 고정에 사용하기 편리하여 관절경적 고정술 시 유용하게 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: We present a case of anterior glenoid rim comminuted fracture that was treated with arthroscopic reduction and an AO headless compression screw (HCS) fixation. Materials and Methods: A 31-year old man complained of left shoulder pain after falling down on stairs. The anterior glenoid comminuted fragments were arthroscopically reduced. Fixation with an AO HCS was done after placement of 1.1 mm Kirschner wire as a guide pin through a standard cannulated anterosuperior portal. Results: Twelve months after the operation, union of the fracture was achieved and the range of motion was fully recovered. He did not complain of any discomfort during his activities of daily living. Conclusion: An AO HCS had various screw sizes and this was good for fixation of a small glenoid fracture and a long drill bit and screw driver were useful for fixation of deep seated glenoid fracture. A short guide wire could be replaced by a 1.1 mm K-wire. An AO HCS was useful for fixation of an anterior glenoid rim comminuted fracture.
김형제(Hyung-Je Kim),김병탁(Byung-Tak Kim),고성위(Sung-Wi Koh) 한국기계가공학회 2006 한국기계가공학회 춘추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.-
A Hydraulic hose is composed of the rubber materials and braid layers to support the tensile force. A power steering hose is generally producted by the swaging process. The hose is subjected to various mechanical and thermal loads under the real operation circumstance, the oil in hose can leak at the parts of small clamping force. Jaw stroke, the kind of material, friction coefficient and the shape of metal fittings are an important factor in the hose efficiency and life. In this paper, the mechanical behavior characteristics of a hydraulic hose are analyzed with respect to the jaw strokes and friction coefficients using the finite element method. Investigations were focused on the variations of strain and stress at the maximum jaw stroke between the hoses and metal fittings, and the deformation shape of a hydraulic hose after the jaw release.
중재적 방사선과 전문의와 혈관외과 전문의가 함께 시술한 Tunneled Cuffed Hemodialysis Catheter의 내경정맥 삽입술
김양호 ( Yang Ho Kim ),임형근 ( Hyung Guhn Lim ),박성길 ( Sung Gil Park ),임지현 ( Ji Hyun Lim ),김용석 ( Young Seok Kim ),이진구 ( Jin Gu Lee ),최순필 ( Sun Pil Choi ),김정화 ( Jung Hwa Kim ),이광영 ( Kwang Young Lee ) 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.6
배 경 : Tunneled cuffed hemodialysis catheter는 삽입 및 사용시 합병증이 적고, 비교적 장기간 사용할 수 있어, 동정맥 문합술 후 혈관이 성숙되기까지 충분히 기다릴 수 있는 시간을 마련해 주며, 반영구적인 목적으로도 사용할 수 있다. 방사선과 의사, 외과 의사, 또는 신장내과 의사 등에 의한 카데터의 삽입 시술에 관한 보고들이 발표되어, 저자들은 동일한 중재적 방사선과 전문의와 동일한 혈관 외과 전문의가 함께 시술하여 내경정맥에 삽입한 tunneled cuffed hemodialysis catheter의 사용 성적을 분석하였다. 방 법 : 1999년 12월부터 2001년 1월까지 만성 신부전 환자 31예를 대상으로 하였고 예에서 동한 중재적 방사선과 전문의와 동일한 혈관 외과 전문의가 함께 카테터를 내경정맥에 삽입하여 혈액투석 치료를 시행하였으며, 카테터 삽입 성공률, 합병증, 혈류 속도, 카테터 수명 등을 조사하였다. 결 과 : 환자의 평균연령은 51세였으며, 남자 18명, 여자 13명이었다. 카테터 사용목적은 동정맥 문합술 후 혈관 성숙을 대기하는 경우 18예(58.1%), 혈관 상태가 불량하여 동정맥 문합술을 시행하기 어려운 환자에서 혈액투석을 위한 경우 13예 (41.9%)였다. 31예 모두에서 카테터 삽입이 성공적이었으며, 기흉이나 혈흉 등의 합병증은 없었다. 후기 방병증으로 2예 (6.5%)에서 카테터의 손상, 4예 (12.9%)에서 카테터 관련 균혈증이 발생하였다. 카테터 제거의 원인은 수술한 동정맥루가 충분히 성숙하여 카테터가 필요 없어진 경우가 22예 (71.0%), 카테터 관련 균혈증 4예 (12.9%), 환자의 사망 3예 (9.7%), 카테터 손상 2예(6.5%)이었다. 카테터의 평균 수명은 1.34±96일이었으며, 카테터 삽입 후 최초 혈액투석시 혈류 속도는 230±35.5 mL/min (mean±SD), 1개월 후 혈류 속도는 248±18.6 mL/min (mean±SD)이었다. 동정맥 문합술 후 카테터를 제거하고 동정맥 문합 부위로 혈액투석을 시작한 날까지의 간격은 평균 87±17일이었으며, 전 예에서 투석시 혈류량은 250mL/min 이상이었다. 결 론 : Tunneled cuffed catheter의 내경정맥 삽입은 중한 합병증을 일으키지 않으며 장기간 사용이 가능하여, 유지 혈액투석을 필요로 하는 환자에서 일시적 또는 반영구적 혈관 접속로로 중요하며, 동일한 중재적 방사선과 전문이와 혈관외과 전문의가 함께 시술함으로써 합병증을 줄이고 혈류 속도를 개선하며 카테터의 수명을 연장시킬 수 있는 유용한 시술로 사료된다. Background : The use of daeron-cuffed tunneled double-lumen catheters for hemodialysis has become more common as patients wait for creation and maturation of a permanent access. Placement of the catheters is done by interventional radiologists, vascular surgeons or nephrologists, and the differences in success rates, complications, blood flow rates and durations of uses are reported. This study evaluated the usefulness, complications, blood flow rates and duration of use of tunneled cuffed liemodialysis catheters implanted via the internal jugular veins by an interventiunal radiologist and a vascular surgeon together. Methods : The outcomes were retrospectively analyzed of 31 hemodialysis catheters placed from December 1999 through January 2001. We investigated age, sex, indications and locations of insertion, catheter performance, complications and causes of catheter removal, All the catheters were placed via the internal jugular veins by an interventional radiologist and a vascular surgeon together. Results : Catheter placements were successful in all patients. Procedural complication was limited to clinically unimportant minor local bleeding. No instances of pneumothorax, hemothorax, vessel injury, substantial bleeding, obstruction, malposition or stenosis occurred. The blood flow rate on the first hemodialysis after placement of the catheter was 230 35.5 mL/min and that after 1 month was 248±18.6 mL/min Late complications included catheter breakage in two cases (6.5%) and bacteremia in four cases (12.9%). Catheters were removed because of catheter-related bacteremia in four cases (12.9%) and death of, patients in three cases (9.7%). In 22 cases (71.0%) the catheters were removed because the AV vascular accesses were available for hemodialysis. Mean duration of the catheter use before removal was 134±96 days. Conclusion : Tunneled cuffed catheters inserted via the internal jugular veins are safe and durable vascular accesses for hernodialysis with good blood flow rate and long duration of use, especially placed by the co-operation of an interventional radiologist and a vascular surgeon.