高麗後期 奴婢制의 變化樣相 : 고려후기 노비제의 변화양상

김현라 부산대학교 사학회 1993 釜大史學 Vol.17 No.-

통일신라·고려시대 부산지역사 연구의 회고와 전망

김현라 부산광역시사편찬위원회 2007 항도부산 Vol.23 No.-

【연구논문】고려 후기 부곡제의 소멸과 徙民 정책

김현라 부경역사연구소 2007 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.20

고려시대 부산지역의 문화재 현황과 그 역사적 의미

김현라 부산광역시사편찬위원회 2004 항도부산 Vol.20 No.-

고려후기 護軍의 地位와 構成員

김현라 부경역사연구소 2004 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.14

The King in the period of Won's interference were much disturbed by their counterforces. They prepared various Kinds of better ways in order to strengthen their authorities like Gupsulchi. Hogun was the Gupsulchi's right under system to take charge of escorting the kings. We could also find out that Hogun existed in the early period of Koryo, but this was only on honorary post. Hogun as Gtupsulchi was introduced by King chungrul. This was also divided as names of Sanghogun, Daehogun, and Hogun. King ‘chungrul' built up the king-surrounding Hogun governmet, so that he promoted Milgiksa, Hogun as the prime minister. Moreover, king “Chunghae” deeply used the hogun denying the Koryo traditional the prime minister politics. The starting persons of Hongun were mostly under the control class, such as peasantly, merchants, and slavery. They were loyal to kings to overcome the weakness of their social positions. In addition, the kings had help from them who were without regard to forces of “Won”. It turned out the great strength of monarch government.

고려시기 여성의 지위 - 당.송.원과의 비교를 통하여 -

김현라 부경역사연구소 2011 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.28

This study reported the social status of females in Goryeo, Korean dynasty through weighing a female law in Goryeo against that of in Tang, Won, Song. First, the female birth in Goryeo was a lot different with in China. Its data during Goryeo dynasty is rare. On the other hand, in China, there had been a negative point of view to the female childbirth from ancient times which led to girl drowning. The reason of this tragedy was because of the enormous marriage cost, so that the initiative for a prohibition of grand weddings in Won was originated from that time. We still don’t know about the origin of the wedding process restriction during Goryeo dynasty, however, we are sure that it was affected from the negative mood on grand weddings during Won dynasty. So to speak, the life of lower class people was miserable. Therefore, the record on the criticism of grand weddings was observed in Goryeo history that became later the reason of wedding restriction. Second, the female property inheritance could be matter which was quite different with in Tang, Won, Song dynasty. the female property inheritance was very restricted during Tang and Song period. When it came to the Southern Song period, the new condition begun to emerge. We notice that the female succession of the property was a bit allowed to appear in Chungmungjip that continued to Won dynasty. Bearing this fact in mind, the female property inheritance seemed to be affected from Won and the Southern Song dynasty rather than Tang and Song. However, it wasn’t directly affected from China. Because of the inheritance by equal distribution during Goryeo, which had hadn’t seen in China. Therefore, We can term that Goryeo was much more not patriarchal than China society. This fact was applicable when people divorced. Lastly, the female remarriage. During Tang and Song dynasty, it wasn’t oppressed in terms of crime, however, the parents had a daughter who didn’t want to remarry remarried, they would be punished. Namely, The government had a negative thought on remarriage. Contrary, during the Southern Song period, new mood on remarriage appeared. As we studied about the female laws in Chungmungjip and Won history, divorce and remarriage were common. Needless to say, these were conducted under the certain rules and laws. The rules and laws were much more flexible, reasonable, and woman-centered than those in Tang and Song dynasty. This happened same during Goryeo period. The female remarriage was totally allowed, even the woman who remarried taking children. Therefore, Gongyang of late Goryeo period when neo-confucianism appeared, people who were above certain social status could remarry after certain time period. However, the lower class people could remarry with out any restriction this time. This study reported the social status of females in Goryeo, Korean dynasty through weighing a female law in Goryeo against that of in Tang, Won, Song. First, the female birth in Goryeo was a lot different with in China. Its data during Goryeo dynasty is rare. On the other hand, in China, there had been a negative point of view to the female childbirth from ancient times which led to girl drowning. The reason of this tragedy was because of the enormous marriage cost, so that the initiative for a prohibition of grand weddings in Won was originated from that time. We still don’t know about the origin of the wedding process restriction during Goryeo dynasty, however, we are sure that it was affected from the negative mood on grand weddings during Won dynasty. So to speak, the life of lower class people was miserable. Therefore, the record on the criticism of grand weddings was observed in Goryeo history that became later the reason of wedding restriction. Second, the female property inheritance could be matter which was quite different with in Tang, Won, Song dynasty. the female property inheritance was very restricted during Tang and Song period. When it came to the Southern Song period, the new condition begun to emerge. We notice that the female succession of the property was a bit allowed to appear in Chungmungjip that continued to Won dynasty. Bearing this fact in mind, the female property inheritance seemed to be affected from Won and the Southern Song dynasty rather than Tang and Song. However, it wasn’t directly affected from China. Because of the inheritance by equal distribution during Goryeo, which had hadn’t seen in China. Therefore, We can term that Goryeo was much more not patriarchal than China society. This fact was applicable when people divorced. Lastly, the female remarriage. During Tang and Song dynasty, it wasn’t oppressed in terms of crime, however, the parents had a daughter who didn’t want to remarry remarried, they would be punished. Namely, The government had a negative thought on remarriage. Contrary, during the Southern Song period, new mood on remarriage appeared. As we studied about the female laws in Chungmungjip and Won history, divorce and remarriage were common. Needless to say, these were conducted under the certain rules and laws. The rules and laws were much more flexible, reasonable, and woman-centered than those in Tang and Song dynasty. This happened same during Goryeo period. The female remarriage was totally allowed, even the woman who remarried taking children. Therefore, Gongyang of late Goryeo period when neo-confucianism appeared, people who were above certain social status could remarry after certain time period. However, the lower class people could remarry with out any restriction this time.

고려 원간섭기 慶華公主의 역할과 위상

김현라 효원사학회 2018 역사와 세계 Vol.- No.53

Koryo and Won 's marriage alliance was formed by the marriage of King Chung - ryeol and Princess Emperor. After Suejo Kubilai, Sungjong realized Pax Mongolian. He tried to complete the central power system by using the Gamma system, which ruled the Mukbuk area, by using Gamma. Therefore, it was awarded the date of the day only to the silkworm, and the line was highly valued. This policy also applies to consideration and marries the daughter of Gamma and the princess of Sungjong, the Princess of the Patriots of Korea, and King Chungseon. King Chungsug was married to two princesses of Mongolian family of KIMUMI and to 11 and 16 years respectively. The former is the fatherland princess and the latter is the princess. These are the daughters of Sisters of the Wang Wang Amok. The year when King Chungsu married the father of the king, Chungsu married the King of Chungsu and the marriage of Princess Kyunghee almost coincided with his returning period. King Chungsu also performed sisters' soul, which had been performed in Mongolia many times. The purpose of the sisters' soul was to inherit the inheritance of the queen's queen. Princess Hyeonggyeong Princess Princess Hyeongguk after the installation of a hardened portion of the Mongol Princess, such as having a certain status. The envoy of Daewon Empire who came to Goryeo to give Koryeong king (king, king) to Koryeo first recognized Koryeong Princess before King Chunghee. When King Chunghee was summoned to Wondue, You can guess such a situation by participating directly. Meanwhile, after the death of King Chungsug, Chunghee committed adultery with the princess Kyunghee when his return was not easily decided as usual. It is difficult to understand such a situation in the situation where Sims is explicitly mobilizing and pursuing the Koryo Kingdom. However, considering the status of the princess, it can be seen that the adultery case of King Chunghee directly touches the political purpose of his return. In addition, the political situation that occurred after the reign of King Chunghee, that is, his brother, Gangreung Daejun, was married to his nephew of Kyungghwa, The political value of the hardcore princess was very important. 고려와 원의 혼인동맹은 충렬왕과 제국대장공주의 혼인으로 성립되었다. 세조 쿠빌라이의 뒤를 이은 성종은 팍스몽골리아를 실현한 인물로, 그는 막북지역을 통치하였던 짐김계통의 감말라를 중용하여 중앙집권체제를 완성하고자 하였다. 이에 짐김계통에게만 일자왕호를 수여하여 그 혈통을 중히 여겼다. 이러한 정책은 고려에도 적용하여 감말라의 딸이며 성종의 친조카인 계국대장공주와 충선왕을 혼인시켰다. 이후 짐김계통의 공주는 충숙왕의 두 번째 왕비인 조국장공주와 경화공주이다. 이 중 주목할 공주는 경화공주이다. 충숙왕은 재위 16년에 그의 세 번째 비로 경화공주를 맞아들이고 이어서 복위하였다. 경화공주와 충숙왕의 두 번째 비인 조국장공주는 자매간이므로 충숙왕은 자매혼을 한 셈이다. 자매혼의 목적은 왕의 전 왕후가 소유한 사속인 등을 그대로 승계하기 위한 것이었다. 경화공주와 조국장공주의 父는 짐김계통의 위왕 아목가이다. 경화공주는 충숙왕과 함께 고려에 환국할 때의 행차 규모와 경화부의 설치를 통해 볼 때 몽골공주로서 적지 않은 위상을 가졌다. 이점은 충숙왕이 사망하고 충혜왕의 복위에 즈음하여 원의 사신이 경화공주를 알현하고 또 경화공주가 정동행성 관리의 임명권을 가지고 있는 것 등에서도 지속되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 그런데 충혜왕은 자신의 복위가 불투명한 시점에서 경화공주를 간음하였다. 이에 대해서는 여러 이견이 있지만, 당시 심왕이 노골적으로 조적을 동원하여 고려왕위를 노리고 있는 상황에서 충혜왕 나름의 위기 극복의 방편이라고 생각된다. 즉 충혜왕은 원과 고려내의 경화공주의 위상이 자신의 복위를 이룰 수 있는 중요한 배경이라고 보았던 것이다. 이것은 충혜왕이 복위 이후에도 자신의 위상을 지키는 방법이었다. 그의 동생인 강릉대군이 세자에 책봉되어 원에 숙위할 뿐만 아니라 경화공주의 조카와 혼인하였고, 또한 기황후 집안, 환관 고룡보 등 여러 정치세력을 견제해야 하는 입장에서는 경화공주가 가지는 정치적 가치는 매우 중요하였던 것이다.

高麗․唐․日本의 율령과 良賤秩序

김현라 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2013 한국민족문화 Vol.47 No.-

율령은 예적질서를 기초로 하여 발달한 법이다. 곧 율은 예적질서를 침해한 자에 대한 처벌법으로 제정되었고, 령은 예적질서를 유지하기 위한 교화법으로 기능하였던 것이다. 이러한 예적질서가 국가질서로 나타나고, 그가운데 양천질서는 바로 이러한 것을 가장 잘 보여주는 것이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 양천질서, 그 중에서 주노질서를 알아보기 위하여 삼국의 호혼법 중 가족질서를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 먼저 호혼법의 체제와 내용을 비교하였다. 호혼율의 경우는 삼국 가운데 일본은 남아있지 않아 당과 고려만 비교하였지만 호령의 경우는 삼국을 異同點을 찾을 수 있었다. 먼저 호혼법에 나타난 신분질서 특히 천인을, 다음으로 주인과 노비와의 관계를 살펴보았다. 이 주노질서의 구명을 위한 전제로서 삼국의 家와 家長의 의미를 알아보았다. 먼저 가의 의미를 살펴보면, 당은 개별인신적인의미를 띠고 있었다. 일본은 당에 비하여 정치․사회적인 기구, 고려는 당과 일본의 가의 특징을 중복적으로 나타내었다. 이러한 가의 의미는 戶絶의 경우 삼국의 천인제의 신분변질과 관련되었다. 즉 고려와 당은 家가 개별인신적 지배로 이루어지는 것이므로, 주인의 家가 호절되어도 자연적으로 주인은 바뀔 뿐 그 신분에는 변함이 없었다. 이에 반하여 일본은 호절되면 양인으로 해방되었다. 일본의 가는 사회집단, 기구로서의 의미가 중시되어 호절되면 천인이 속할 수 있는 곳이 사라지기 때문에 자연스럽게 양인으로 신분이 승격되었던 것이다. 이러한 가의 의미와 함께 家長의 의미도 살펴보았다. 삼국의 가장의 공통점은 그 가를 대표하며, 국가지배의 대상이 된다는 점이다. 삼국 가운데 가장의 지위가 가장 강력한 왕조는 당이었다. 당은 호혼법에서 家長法이라고 하여 가장이 주도하여 범법행위를 하였을 경우 범법행위를 한 당사자가 아닌 가장이 처벌의 대상이 되었다. 이러한 정황은 여러 면에서 확인이 가능하였다. 고려는 가장의 입지를 알 수 있는 자료가 호혼법에서는 잘 드러나지는 않지만 당과 같이 누호나 탈호의 책임자인 점에서 가의 대표자임을 알 수 있었다. 다만 당과 달리 가족제도, 호주의 승계 등에서 가장의 권위가 그렇게 강하지는 않은 듯하다. 일본은 가장 즉 호주의 승계를 嫡子로한정하고 있다. 이점에서 본다면 삼국에서 일본의 가장권이 가장 강력한 듯하지만 실제 당시 일본에서는 가부장권이 강력한 시기가 아니었다. 이런 때에 가장의 승계를 적자로 제한한 것은 앞서 살폈듯이 가업의 계승과 연관 된다. 이러한 가장권 하에 천인들의 입지는 어떠하였는가? 호절 뿐만 아니라 천인해방과 주인에 대한 강간(간통) 사례를 통해 알아보았다. 천인해방은 官賤의 경우 당이나 일본에서는 제도적으로 마련되어 있었다. 즉 나이와 폐질이 기준이 되어 양인으로 해방이 점차적으로 가능하였다. 사노비의 경우도 당은 가장의 허락 하에 형제들의 연서를 받아 처리하고 있고, 일본도 주인의 의지에 의하여 해방이 가능하였다. 이때 해방은 천인 당대만 그치는 것이 아니고 그 후대까지 이어졌다. 그러나 고려는 당과 일본과 달리 제도적으로 노비해방이 마련되어 있지 않았고, 사노비의 해방도 주인의 의지로 될 수 있었지만 그 조건이 매우 까다로웠으며, 해방도 당대에만 그치고 있다. 다음은 천인이 주인 또는 주인의 친인척을 강간(간통)하였을 경우의 처벌에 대한 것이다. 당과 고려는 주인의 周親과 緦麻親 이상, 일본은 5등친이상이 그 대상이 되었다. 처벌을 받는 강간의 대상이 일본이 당과 고려보다 훨씬 넓었다. 이는 주인권의 문제라기 보다는 가업의 경영을 위주로 하는 일본의 가의 의미와 관련되기 때문이다. 즉 가업을 계승하는데 참여하고 있는 친인척 전부가 천인의 강간처벌의 대상이 되었던 것이다. Yulryeong as a courtesy, and the law on the basis of the order is made . This order appears as a national courtesy system, the Yangcheon order(양천질서)of the best shows this very thing can be said. Juno order(주노질서) in the middle of this Yangcheon order to investigate of the Three Kingdoms of Hohonbeop(호혼법) looked around the family order. First look at the prerequisites for the Juno order to determine the meaning of family and paterfamilias. Looking at the meaning of family, Tang ruled separately, and Japan as a dominant social organizations, Goryeo domination of the Tang Dynasty and Japan is taking a mix of methods. This means when the difference between the descendants have been lost, altered and leads made cloth of the Three Kingdoms. Then examined the meaning of paterfamilias. Three countries have in common, and it represents the family, is that the subject of national governance. The sequence of the paterfamilias power of the Tang Dynasty, Korea, Japan. Japan, it is stated as a son. This is the uniqueness of Japan. That belong to the same system as more than a How did the order of Juno? This a descendant of disconnection, liberation and rape (adultery) was investigated through the case. It could also see the difference of the Three Kingdoms.

원간섭기 忠宣王妃 薊國大長公主의 위상 정립과 의미

김현라 부경역사연구소 2016 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.39

Through the life of Princess Gaegookdaejnag, the status and meaning were found in the relationship between Won and Goryeo. The relationship between Won and Goryeo was consisted basically in the marriage bonding. Therefore the marriage bonding played an important role in the relationship between Won and Goryeo. With these background of marriage bonding, the wife of King Chungsun, Princess Gaegookdaejnag came in Goryeo. But the country, Goryeo, was divided into the two powers in charge of having double succeeding the throne King CHungrul and Chungsun. That was suggested that the status of Princess Gaegookdaejnag was very recommended. The princess realized the importance of Won and Goryeo marriage bonding and showed the status of herself. Thus, the wife of King in Won dynasty could point the king in the meeting of Kuriltai and moreover, in the home the many wives in the polygamy stricltly ordered the hierarchy and displayed the status of herself. The princess Gaegookdaejnag systemized the shadow cabinets who was Chobi of the object. Because the Jobi’s farther was closed to Sejo and famous for the homan networks. Moreover, Jo In Kyu followed by Jagookdaejang showed the one of close relationship to King Chunsun. The mechanization of the princess Gaegookdaejnag intentionally weakened to the power of King Chunsun which was against of the false reflection of King Chunsun that he didn’t realized precisely the situation related to the princess Gaegookdaejnag. In order to remain of status, the marriage bonding strategy got strong. Therefore, King Chunsun actively reflected on the relationship between Won and Goryeo formed into the intermarriage in the restoration of himself. The accident of Jobi innocent resulted in the abdication of King Chungsun and the relationship between two of them was completely separated. After the accident, the couple was back to the Won dynasty. The King Chungrul used the couple’s relationship and this was attempt to the re-marriage of princess Gaegookdaejnag. The re-marriage was tried to three times in total. The princess attended actively, which she realized the importance of status in marriage bonding between Won and Goryeo and reflected on her will. Conversly, the re-marrigement was failed by the interruption of Won dynasty and Mujong of Won dynasty supported by King Chungsun. After the restoration of King Chungsun, the princess was well treated. This was showed that when the princess visited in Goryeo, she was well treated never happened before. However, she continuously tried to end the relationship to the King Chungsun. That wasn’t an apparent incident. On the way back to Won dynasty, She met Simyanggo and next year he got married with her nephew, a princess Naeryun. By this marriage the status of Simyanggo was highly addressed. The princess was dead at the same year. And the following year King Chungsun turned over the throne to Yanggo. 여원관계는 기본적으로 혼인동맹으로 이루어졌다. 쿠빌라이는 부마가 된 고려국왕이 동방3왕가를 견제하고, 이로써 원의 중앙집권체제에 일조를 하리라 생각하였다. 충선왕비 계국대장공주가 고려에 들어왔을 때, 고려는 충렬왕과 충선왕이라는 두 개의 세력으로 양분되어 있었다. 이점은 혼인동맹하에 있었던 계국대장공주의 위상이 매우 중요해졌음을 말해주는 것이다. 계국대장공주는 여원간의 혼인동맹의 중요성을 인지하여 자신의 위상을 드러내고자 하였다. 그러나 충선왕은 자신도 원 쿠빌라이의 외손자로서 몽골적 자부심도 가지고 있는 인물이므로 계국대장공주를 혼인동맹으로 맺어진 대상으로 인지하지 못하였다. 따라서 혼인 초부터 부부관계는 매우 좋지 못하였다. 이러한 상황하에서 계국대장공주는 자신의 입지에 위해가 될 후비군을 정리하였다. 원의 황후는 쿠릴타이 회의에서 황제를 지목할 수 있으며, 가정 내에서는 일부다처제로 이루어진 황후들을 엄격하게 서열화하여 자신의 위상을 드러내는 것이 일반적이었기 때문이다. 다만 여러 후비군 가운데 그 대상으로 조비가 되었다. 공주의 조비무고사건은 충선왕의 세력을 의도적으로 약화시키는 것인데, 이는 혼인동맹에서 공주의 위상을 제대로 인지하지 못한 충선왕에 대한 일정한 반격이라고 할 수 있다. 그렇기 때문에 충선왕은 공주와 관련된 일련의 사건을 겪으면서 국왕으로서 그 지위를 유지하기 위해서는 원공주를 통한 혼인관계를 적극적으로 유지ㆍ활용해야 함을 인식하게 되었다. 그러나 공주의 이러한 도모는 충선왕의 퇴위까지 이르게 되면서 두 부부 사이를 완전히 갈라놓았다. 이러한 부부관계를 충렬왕 세력이 적극적으로 이용하였고, 이것이 계국대장공주의 개가시도로 나타난 것이다. 공주의 개가 시도는 총 3차례에 이루어진다. 공주는 이 개가시도에 적극 참여하였는데, 그것은 여원관계의 혼인동맹에서 자신의 위상의 중요성을 깨닫고, 이러한 의지가 적극적으로 반영된 것이었다. 그러나 각각의 개가시도는 주로 원의 상황에 의하여 이루어지지 못하였다. 그리고 충선왕이 지지한 원의 무종이 황제로 즉위하면서 공주의 바람은 실패로 끝났다. 계국대장공주는 충숙왕 2년 원으로 돌아가는 길에 세자 왕고를 만났으며, 그 해 원에서 사망하였다. 그리고 이듬해 자신의 조카 내륜공주와 왕고의 혼인이 이루어졌다. 이 혼인으로 왕고의 위상은 높아졌다. 그리고 그 해에 충선왕은 심왕 위를 왕고에게 물려주었다. 이러한 일련의 과정을 볼 때 고려와 원의 통혼이 가지는 의미가 어떠한 것이며, 그 중심에 있었던 원 공주의 위상과 역할이 얼마나 중요하였는가를 알 수 있다.

고려 忠烈王代의 麗․元關係의 형성과 그 특징

김현라 부경역사연구소 2009 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.24

Geryeo had been changed a lot after making a contact with Mongolia. Phenomenally Geryeo had to accept a direct and indirect influence by Mongolia. The influence was deeply related with Mongolia’s internal affairs. After Kublai Khan acceded to the throne, He wanted to set a “Hanbub”system as a way of unification of the empire. However, his grasping political power was not normally accomplished; he did not overcome his own ultimate limitation. The “Hanbub” systemKublai Khan wanted to set in his country was the “Sinocentrism”(the Emperor system) that Hanjok headed for. Therefore, in the areas Kublai Khan conquered, they let them keep their own tradition but in stead, had a courtesy etiquette. After the centralization of Kublai Khan Regimecame out successfully, Kublai Khan decided to control Geryeo substantially that meant participating in throne as well as internal affairs. The participation of Mongolia could it be possible because a particular area called Yodong was under Kublai Khan Regime. Chungnyeol of Goryeo conducted many political measures in order to strengthen a career of himself under the Kublai Khan’s political changes to Goryeo. First of all, he checked a power that was in collusion with Won and grew his statue through having an audience of the Emperor of Won. Cungnyeol established the son-in-law status of the Emperor of Won and took a full responsibility of the position for Won. For instance, he expressed an active participation in internal disturbance of the Mongolian Empire. However, his status and effort headed for Won had been weakened because of Kublai Khan’s death and Sungjong’s accession to the throne. Sungjong wanted to have a direct control over Goryeo through Yodong and chose Chungsun who was a son of Chungnyeol Geryeo had been changed a lot after making a contact with Mongolia. Phenomenally Geryeo had to accept a direct and indirect influence by Mongolia. The influence was deeply related with Mongolia’s internal affairs. After Kublai Khan acceded to the throne, He wanted to set a “Hanbub”system as a way of unification of the empire. However, his grasping political power was not normally accomplished; he did not overcome his own ultimate limitation. The “Hanbub” systemKublai Khan wanted to set in his country was the “Sinocentrism”(the Emperor system) that Hanjok headed for. Therefore, in the areas Kublai Khan conquered, they let them keep their own tradition but in stead, had a courtesy etiquette. After the centralization of Kublai Khan Regimecame out successfully, Kublai Khan decided to control Geryeo substantially that meant participating in throne as well as internal affairs. The participation of Mongolia could it be possible because a particular area called Yodong was under Kublai Khan Regime. Chungnyeol of Goryeo conducted many political measures in order to strengthen a career of himself under the Kublai Khan’s political changes to Goryeo. First of all, he checked a power that was in collusion with Won and grew his statue through having an audience of the Emperor of Won. Cungnyeol established the son-in-law status of the Emperor of Won and took a full responsibility of the position for Won. For instance, he expressed an active participation in internal disturbance of the Mongolian Empire. However, his status and effort headed for Won had been weakened because of Kublai Khan’s death and Sungjong’s accession to the throne. Sungjong wanted to have a direct control over Goryeo through Yodong and chose Chungsun who was a son of Chungnyeol