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김헌영,김미리혜,Chad Ebesutani 한국건강심리학회 2017 한국심리학회지 건강 Vol.22 No.4
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of virtual reality exposure therapy on public speaking anxiety among female university students. Forty-eight female university students with public speaking anxiety were recruited and randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=24) or a waitlist control group (n=24). The experimental group completed 4 sessions of virtual reality exposure therapy over a period of 2 weeks, in which the participants were exposed to public speaking scenes in virtual reality. Both groups completed a questionnaire during the pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at three-weeks after the treatment period. The speech anxiety scale, the speech anxiety thoughts inventory and subjective anxiety ratings were used to collect self-report outcome data. The timed behavior checklist for performance anxiety and a fingertip pulse oximeter were used to collect objective outcome data. The results revealed that the experimental group’s speech anxiety, speech anxiety thoughts, subjective anxiety, observer evaluation of anxiety behaviors, and heart rate decreased significantly compared to the waitlist control group. These effects were maintained at the 3-week follow-up assessment period. These results demonstrated that virtual reality exposure therapy is effective at easing public speaking anxiety. The implications of this study and suggestions for future research are also discussed. 본 연구의 목적은 발표상황을 가상현실로 구현한 노출치료가 여대생의 발표불안에 미치는 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 발표불안 경향이 있는 여대생 48명을 모집하여 실험집단과 대기통제집단에 각 24명씩 무선 할당하였다. 실험집단은 가상현실로 구현한 발표상황에의 노출치료를 총 4회기 동안 시행하였다. 처치 전, 처치 후, 그리고 처치 3주 후에 한국판 발표불안 척도, 한국판 발표불안 사고 검사, 주관적 불안 척도, 수행 불안에 대한 행동목록 체크 및 심박측정을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 실험집단이 대기통제집단에 비해 발표불안, 발표불안 사고, 주관적 불안수준, 관찰자가 평가한 불안행동, 심박수의 감소량이 유의하게 컸다. 또한 이러한 효과는 3주 후까지도 지속되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 가상현실을 이용한 노출치료가 발표상황과 관련된 불안을 완화시켜 줄 수 있음을 시사한다. 끝으로 본 연구의 의의와 추후 연구를 위한 제언이 논의되었다.
김헌영,김중재,김낙수 대한기계학회 1993 대한기계학회논문집 Vol.17 No.12
In hot closed-die forging the load increases rapidly near the final stage. Preforming operation is important to both the sound final forging and die-service life. In this study, the material flows during preforming and final forging are investigated. The physical modeling with Plasticine as a model material showed clear flow patterns. The forging process were numerically simulated by the finite element method with the isothermal and the non-isothermal models. The flow patten of the isothermal simulation showed good agreements with the experiments. Temperature changes and pressure distributions on the die surfaces during one cycle of the forging process were obtained from the non-isothermal simulation. High pressure and temperature were developed at certain areas of the die surfaces. It was concluded that those areas usually coincide with each other and should be distributed by the preforming operations to enhance the die life.