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김창형,이동국 대한임상신경생리학회 2013 Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology Vol.15 No.1
Background: Bell’s palsy (BP) is the most common cause of unilateral lower motor facial palsy. Recurrent paralysis of the facial nerve is unusual and reported in only 7-8%. Methods: A total of 394 consecutive patients with acute BP patients were enrolled at Daegu Catholic University Hospital from July 2005 to September 2012. We classified the patients into two groups-single BP and recurrent BP-and compared them by patient characteristics, clinical features, MRI findings, electrophysiologic findings and prognosis. The degree of BP was graded according to the House and Brackmann facial nerve grading system. Results: Recurrent BP was observed in 31 (7.9%) patients. The number of recurrence was varied from 2 to 5. The recurrent BP (9.7%) had more incidence of family history and MRI enhancement than those of single BP (2.2%,p=0.047). The single BP (63.4%) had better recovery than recurrent BP (45.2%, p=0.045). Conclusions: The recurrent BP had more incidence of family history, MRI enhancement and poor prognosis than the single BP.
김창형,이민재,이동국 대한신경과학회 2013 대한신경과학회지 Vol.31 No.1
Bell’s palsy is the most common cause of unilateral, lower motor facial palsy. Especially recurrent paralysis of the facial nerve is an unusual occurrence and reported in only 7 ‐8%. We report a case of recurrent bilateral Bell’s palsy who suffered from acute pancreatitis. Numerous complications can occur after acute pancreatitis, but recurrent bilateral Bell’s palsy was not reported yet.
악성 스미싱에 의한 정보 유출 방지 시스템 설계 및 구현
김창형, 이병엽 배재대학교 공학연구소 2021 공학논문집 Vol.23 No.1
The number of smartphones in widespread use is increasing geometrically every year, and the methods of crime are diversifying and intelligently born. By text message (SMS), gift certificates, courier arrivals, emergency disaster relief funds, etc. are used to guide the user's access, and an application of unknown origin containing malware is installed on the user's smartphone. The URL of the phishing site is tricked into the application site for emergency disaster relief funds to steal the user's personal information. Currently, mobile operators, private companies, and police agencies to prevent these smishing attacks and minimize damage have created phishing and smishing protection applications and distributed them free of charge. Due to lack of ignorance of users' information security and lack of alertness to attacks, they will ignore application alert notifications and connect to URLs. In this paper, we apply an algorithm that automatically inspects a URL when the user clicks on it without running an smishing prevention application, and if the URL value or address is correct, directs the user to access. If an incorrect URL value or address is detected, an invalid source, a URL containing malware, or an action requiring special privileges is detected, a strong warning message is output to the user and received. Delete text messages (SMS) to block users' connections. 스마트폰 보급 대수가 매해 기하학적으로 증가하며 그에 따른 범죄의 방법도 다양해지고 지능적으로 생겨나고 있다. 문자메시지(SMS)로 상품권, 택배 도착, 긴급 재난지원금 등의 내용으로 사용자들의 접속을 유도하여 사용자의 스마트폰에 악성코드가 내포된 알 수 없는 출처의 애플리케이션을 설치하기도 하며, 피싱 사이트 URL을 긴급 재난지원금 신청 사이트로 속여 사용자들의 개인정보를 탈취하기도 한다. 현재 이러한 스미싱(Smishing) 공격을 방어하고 피해를 최소화하기 위해 이동통신사, 민간기업, 경찰청에서 피싱, 스미싱 보호 애플리케이션을 제작하여 무료로 배포하고 있지만, 사용자들의 정보보안에 대한 무지와 공격에 대한 경각심이 부족하여 애플리케이션에서 경고 알림을 띄워도 무시하고 URL에 접속하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 사용자가 스미싱 예방 애플리케이션을 실행하지 않아도 URL 클릭 시 자동으로 해당 URL을 검사하는 알고리즘을 적용하여 URL의 값이나 주소가 올바른 경우 사용자에게 접속을 유도하며 만약 URL의 값이나 주소가 올바르지 않거나 유효하지 않은 출처, 악성코드가 내포된 URL, 특별한 권한을 요구하는 행위가 탐지되면 사용자에게 강력한 경고메시지를 출력하고 수신된 문자메시지(SMS)를 삭제하여 사용자의 접속을 차단한다.
발병초기 벨마비 환자의 진단에서 순목 반사(blink reflex)의 유용성
석정임,이동국,김창형 대한임상신경생리학회 2012 Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology Vol.14 No.1
Background: Bell’s palsy is the most common disease of cranial nerve. While most electrodiagnostic tests can detect the abnormality of facial nerve several days later in Bell’s palsy, blink reflex usually reveals the abnormality earlier than other tests. Therefore, we investigated the diagnostic usefulness of blink reflex in the early stage of Bell’s palsy. Methods: We performed a prospective investigation in patients with facial palsy. We enrolled patients with Bell’s palsy who were evaluated within 7 days of symptom onset and excluded patients with secondary causes of facial palsy. We analyzed the findings of blink reflex according to age, sex, evaluation time, and severity of facial palsy. Results: Of 320 consecutive patients with facial palsy, a total of 204 patients were enrolled. Blink reflex was normal for 10 patients and abnormal for 194 patients. The time interval between the symptom onset and the evaluation time was not associated with the result of blink reflex,but House-Brackmann grade was significantly related to the result of blink reflex (P<0.001). Patients with mild Bell’s palsy often showed normal blink reflex. Conclusions: Our study shows that blink reflex is useful diagnostic test regardless of evaluation timing in the early stage of Bell’s palsy, although it could be normal in patients with mild Bell’s palsy.