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      • KCI등재

        기원전 111년 농지법에 나오는 Viasii vicani의 기능과 Adtributio의 의미

        김창성 한국서양고대역사문화학회 2020 서양고대사연구 Vol.58 No.-

        The agrarian law of 111 B.C, is thought to have opened the high way of capitalism for Rome, granting the rights of property ownership to the possessors of the Roman public land on the condition of paying tax. In this context, the viasii vicani, that is ‘neighbour possessors’ of the public roads, were charged to maintain the roads under the survey of censors. Their specific functions did not attract attention because of their notable absence in other related historical material afterwards. But the contents of the Tabulae Heracleenses containing the Julian municipal law of 45 B.C., show the process of attributing the responsibility to the owners of buildings neighboring to the public roads. According to the Tabula the aediles had to outsource the maintenance of the roads with contractors when the owners rejected the duty. This process of adtributio, is the same as the charging of a war tax, tributum. In this manner the viasii vicani resemble the ordo of tribuni aerarii paying for the soldiers. This method of responsibility conforms with the civic ideals of Greek and Roman finance. 기원전 111년의 농지법에 나오는 비아시‧비카니에 관한 기술의 의미를 검토하였다. 공유지의 사유화라는 농지법 전체의 흐름과 달리 로마의 공공도로 변에 위치한 건물이나 토지를 가진 접도민에게는 도로 유지보수 책임이 지워져 있었다. 이들의 명칭은 이 법에서만 나오므로 기원전 111년 전에 존재하였으나 얼마 안 되어 소멸된 집단으로 파악되며, 소상한 기능은 알 수 없었다. 헤라클레아 비문에 따르면 도로에 이웃한 건물주가 해야 할 의무를 수행하지 않을 경우 아이딜리스가 보수공사를 입찰하고 그 금액을 건물주가 지불한다. 이런 절차는 분담, 즉 아드트리부티오라는 용어로 표시되는 데, 이는 전쟁세인 트리부툼의 부과에 사용된 용어이다. 같은 방식으로 수행되는 도로 유지 책임은 시민의 이상에 부합한 것이지 토지 점유자에 가해진 일방적인 부역은 아닐 것이다.

      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재

        심폐소생술 전화 지도를 포함한 119구급상황관리센터 이용 현황 분석

        김창성,김혁훈,김기운,이슬기,김수태,최상천,조준필 대한응급의학회 2018 대한응급의학회지 Vol.29 No.4

        Objective: Analyses of the status of 119 emergency situation control center (119 ESCC) usage are lacking. Therefore, this study investigated the status of the 119 ESCC usage, including dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA-CPR) instructions. Methods: The emergency activity daily reports and emergency instruction sheets of 119 ESCC from January to December 2016 were reviewed. For more accurate status analysis, the computerized data of the 1339 Emergency Medical Information Center from January to December 2011 were also reviewed. Results: In 2016, the total usage of the 119 ESCC was 1,393,876 calls, which was 27.8% lower than the 1,930,977 calls in 2011. Of the 1,393,876 eligible calls, the most common call was hospital guidance (n=743,799, 53.4%), followed by first aid (n=397,620, 28.5%), disease consultation (n=150,128, 10.8%), medical oversight (n=81,174, 5.8%), and interhospital transfer (n=5,123, 0.4%). Regarding the user number per 10,000 persons, Daejeon was the greatest at 57.2, whereas Changwon was the lowest at 11.5. A total number of DA-CPR was 19,439. The time from the call to chest compression were 173±88.6 seconds in the subjects having previous cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and 184.0± 88.2 in the subjects having no such training (P<0.001). Conclusion: The ratio of first aid instructions, including DA-CPR, among total usage of the 119 ESCC increased but the overall usage of the 119 ESCC decreased. Therefore, further efforts will be needed to improve the quality and professionality of the information provided through the operation of 119 ESCC.

      • KCI등재

        국내 학교시설의 친환경건축물 인증 평가항목 및 사례 분석

        김창성,Kim, Chang-Sung 한국교육시설학회 2013 敎育施設 Vol.20 No.2

        Concerns about green building construction were quite increasing around the world. Therefore, Korea Government has executed the Green Building Certification Criteria(GBCC) in 2002. The GBCC of educational facilities was executed in 2005 and was revised in 2010. The aim of this paper is to check the reliability of weighting factors in all assessment categories of GBCC and to suggest the future revision direction of GBCC. For the study, the old and current version of GBCC were examined and the 5 cases certificated by the old version were analyzed and reassessed by current version to compare with the differences of the two in obtaining the green building certification. According to the results of the study, the GBCC requires additional amendments about the assessment categories of the energy consumption monitoring and building commissioning as required subjects in order to secure the stable performances of building. In addition, the categories of building management need to be assessed more intensively and the certification criteria for existing building should be enacted as soon as possible.

      • KCI등재

        내포체 단백질 재생을 위한 용해 및 재접힘공정의 비교분석

        김창성,김윤하,이은규 한국생물공학회 1998 KSBB Journal Vol.13 No.2

        Using rlFN-$\alpha$ and rhGH as the model proteins, the refolding performances of the published processes were evaluated and compared. Key engineering parameters such as the type of denaturant and this concentration, protein concentration in the refolding buffer, and pH and ionic strength of the buffer were experimentally investigated. Furthermore, the role of a co-solvent of surfactant type in aggregation reduction was also studied. Of the denaturants tested (8M urea, 6M guanidine HCI, 0.5% SDS), SDS at alkaline pH (9.5) and ambient temperature gave the highest recovery yield. The SDS process was effective in the refolding of observed where dissolution proceeded better under lower strength (10 mM) but aggregation was suppressed under higher strength (>50 mM.) When PEG-4000 and/or Tween were added as co-solvent or refolding-enhancing additive, 1.6-2 times higher yield was realized. The‘masking’of the hyrophobic patches located on the surface of the protein with the surfactant molecules was believed to be responsible for the considerable reduction in aggregation during refolding.

      • KCI등재

        K 현대 미술관 전시공간의 자연채광 성능 평가에 관한 연구

        김창성,김강수 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.2

        Daylight is one of major parameters in art gallery design. To enhance space quality many architects have tried to predict daylight performance in art gallery. This paper is to predict daylight performance in the atrium of K Contemporary Art Gallery. After the actual measurements, a 1/30 scale model was made and model experiments were carried out. Then, computer simulations were carried to compare the actual and the model measurements with results of simulations. The used programs were SUPERLITE IEA 2.0 and RADIANCE and each of data were simulated in the clear sky with sun condition. Results show that illuminance ratio between inside and outside illuminance have distributions of 0.29~0.36% in the actual measurements. Also, illuminance ratio have distributions of 0.38~0.52% in the scale model tests and 0.34~0.46% in SUPERLITE and 0.39~0.49% in RADIANCE simulations. Each of distributions has a similar result. According to results to evaluate direct sun effect, damage of exhibition space by sunlight was much on the summer solstice. Sunlight flowed into floor of exhibition space could be reduced 19% amount of direct sun by installing vertical louver and 81% amount of direct sun by vertical + horizontal louver more than no louver condition. Also sunlight flowed into exhibition wall was reduced 24% amount of sunlight by vertical louver and 58% amount of sunlight by vertical + horizontal louver. With the analysis of luminance ratio by computer simulation, luminance of daylighting source was influenced by louver. Specially, luminance of daylighting source was increased some quantity by installing vertical louver and background luminance decreased greatly by horizontal louver. Therefore, computer programs can be used effectively in the early design and design development phase to pedict daylighting performance in a large exhibition space of art gallery.

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