전망이론 측면에서 본 푸에블로호사건과 북한의 정책선택

김창규(Kim, Chang-kyu) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2018 군사 Vol.- No.106

This study is the analysis based on Prospect Theory for the North Korea’s mechanism of policy choices on the USS Pueblo Incident happened in 1968. The Kim’s reference points at the time of the USS Pueblo incident are externally to protect North Korea’s sovereignty, to strengthen the alliance with the U.S.S.R. and China in addition to maintaining the autonomy for national security, internally to consolidate the Kim’s autocratic power and to reinforce the revolutional power against the South Korea The USS Pueblo incident can be divided into two stages. The first stage is to seize of the USS Pueblo and the first response stage of the U.S.A. and North Korea. (from Jan. 16 to Feb. 1) At this stage, Kim estimated that the U.S.A. would not drive the situations to war because of her domestic and international political difficulties. In early January 1968, North Korea faced the difficult political situations due to her contradictory relationships with U.S.S.R. and China, the increase of consciousness to be encircled because of the establishment of the diplomatic relationship between South Korea and Japan, and the failure of the raid on Blue House by the North Korea’s guerrillas. In these situations, the information collection of the USS Pueblo on North Korea was a threat against North Korea’s security and a violation of North Korea’s sovereignty, and it was also a challenge against Kim. So Kim perceived the situations were in loss-domain on the basis of his 4 reference points and chose the risk-taking collision policy to seize of the USS Pueblo and to deny negotiation. The second stage is the negotiations between the U.S.A. and North Korea. (from Feb. 2 to Dec. 23). As all efforts were failed, the leadership of the U.S.A. could not help stopping the armed demonstration and sitting down on the table for the individual negotiations with North Korea. As the negotiations had been going on, the U.S.A. had somewhat conceded ‘3A’(Admit, Apologize, Assure) and North Korea could get the result to be admitted the North Korea’s sovereignty by the U.S.A. Kim had got the result to strengthen the alliance with the U.S.S.R. and to acquire her additional economical and military support, to improve the relationship with China, to enhance his internal & external prestige, to support the North Vietnam indirectly and to succeed in resulting in conflict between Korea and the U.S.A. These situations almost satisfied Kim’s 4 reference points. So Kim perceived the situations as gain-domain and decided to choose the risk-avoiding selection to conclude the negotiations. This study shows the effectiveness of Prospect Theory. It will be the short cut to grasp the reference points of North Korea’s leadership and the mechanism of policy choice and to cut or change its links in order to prevent and oppose the continuing North Korea’s provocation effectively. This study expects to contribute to this.

Cu²⁺, Al³⁺, Zn²⁺이 활성슬러지에 미치는 저해영향 평가

김창규,김요용,박익범,송진호,남우경,한송희,김복준,오조교,Kim, Chang-Gyu,Kim, Yo-Yong,Park, Ik-Beom,Song, Jin-Ho,Nam, Woo-Kyong,Han, Song-Hee,Kim, Bok-Jun,Oh, Jo-Gyo 한국물환경학회 2015 한국물환경학회지 Vol.31 No.2

In this study, the inhibitory effect of toxic metals was investigated on the activated sludge of the municipal sewage treatment plant. The allowable concentration of toxic metals was also estimated for the stable operation of the biological treatment process. The single and mixture toxicity of $Cu^{2+}$, $Al^{3+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ were evaluated for the activated sludge microorganisms. As a result, nitrifying microorganisms were more susceptible than heterotrophic microorganisms. $IC_{10}$ (Inhibition Concentration of 10%) of $Cu^{2+}$, $Al^{3+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ for the nitrifying microorganisms was 3 mg/L, 7 mg/L and 25 mg/L, respectively. The mixture toxicity showed three times more sensitive than the single toxicity. The concentrations of $Cu^{2+}$, $Al^{3+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ to minimize the inhibitory effect on organic matter removal and nitrification in batch experiments were found to be 1.3 mg/L, 2.5 mg/L and 6.3 mg/L.

버킷인덱스와 블룸필터를 이용한 범위형 의료정보 암호화기법

김창규,김정태,유천영,김지홍,Kim, Chang-Kyu,Kim, Jung-Tae,Yu, Choun-Young,Kim, Ji-Hong 한국정보통신학회 2011 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.15 No.2

Recently, there are some social issues that personal sensitive data in database were let out. The best method to protect these personal sensitive data is used by the database encryption method. But the encrypting database makes the query difficult. So, there are a lot of study to protect the database and increase the query efficiency as well. In this paper, we analysed recent research trend to protect the sensitive data and propose the combined method using buckets and the bloom filter for the medical database with range property. Compared to bucket index model, the proposed method can increase bucket index value and protect data distribution exposure. We can estimate that this proposed method can improve searching time and efficiency. 최근 데이터베이스내의 개인정보의 유출이 사회적으로 이슈가 되고 있다. 개인의 민감한 정보를 보호하기 위한 최선의 방법은 데이터 암호화이다. 그러나 데이터를 암호화하면 질의어 처리가 어렵게 된다. 그러므로 데이터베이스를 보호하고 질의어 처리를 효율적으로 하기 위한 많은 방법들이 제안되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 연구에 대한 방법을 분석하고, 의료정보 데이터베이스내의 범위특성을 가진 데이터를 암호화하기 위한 방안으로서 버킷 방식과 블룸필터 방식을 이용한 복합적인 방법을 제안하였다. 버킷방식만을 적용한 경우에 비하여 본 논문에서 제안한 버킷방식과 블룸필터방식을 융합하여 적용한 경우에는 버킷의 개수를 늘일 수 있고, 이에 따른 사용자 데이터의 분포 노출을 방지할 수 있으며, 결과적으로 검색속도를 높일 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

연속적 공침 선농축-수소화물 발생법을 이용한 ICP-AES에서의 비소의 감도 개선

김창규,박용남,Kim, Chang-Gyu,Pak, Yong-Nam 대한화학회 2004 대한화학회지 Vol.48 No.6

본 연구에서는 연속흐름 주입법에 의한 공침농축과 수소화물발생을 결합하여 유도결합 플라즈마 원자방출분광법에서 비소 이온을 고감도로 분석할 수 있는 방법을 개발하고 산화수에 따라 $As^{3+}와\;As^{5+}$를 분리하여 분석하였다. 미량의 비소시료는 In 공침제와 함께 공침되고 필터에 걸러진 후, 강산을 침전용해제로 사용하여 용리시켰다. 용리된 비소는 수소화물 발생장치에 들어가고 환원제와 혼합된 후 수소화물이 되어 ICP로 주입된다. 현재의 연속적 공침 농축-수소화물 발생법은 ICP를 단독으로 사용했을 때 보다 약 70배 정도의 감도를 높일 수 있었고, 이것은 공침농축이나 수소화물 발생법을 단독으로 사용한 것보다 각기 7배 및 10배 정도 높았다. 이것은 부피 0.3 mL의 1.0 ppm 용액에 대한 결과이며 만일 시료부피를 증가시킨다면 감도는 더욱 개선될 것이다. 시료의 측정횟수는 10 회/hr 이며 검출한계는 0.020 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}(3{\sigma})$이고 정밀도는 7-10%이다. 또한, 시트르산을 이용하여 비소의 화학종간의 수소화물 발생의 차이를 만들어 시료내의 $As^{3+}\;와\;As^{5+}$ 이온을 분리정량해 낼 수 있었다. In a stream of aqueous sample, trace arsenic ions were quantitatively coprecipitated and detected in ICP-AES through hydride generation. In was used as a coprecipitating reagent. The precipitate was collected on a filter and dissolved by HCl. The eluted As was sent into the reaction coil to generate hydrides and analyzed by ICP. With optimal conditions, and with a sample of 0.3 mL, an enrichment of 70 was obtained with the sampling speed of 10/hr. When compared with coprecipitation and hydride generation technique, the sensitivity was increased by 7 and 10 times, respectively. The limit of detection limit$(3{\sigma})$ was 0.020 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ and the precision was 7-10%. Separation of $As^{3+}\;and\;As^{5+}$ were possible using citric acid in hydride generation.

자궁내장치와 병발된 만성골반염 및 자연분만 1 예

김창규,탁춘근,이윤호,Kim, Chang-Kyu,Tak, Choon-Keun,Lee, Yoon-Ho 대한생식의학회 1984 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.11 No.1

A nornal pregnancy with IUD in situ, which is extremely rare case, is reported with the brief reviews of literatures. And assoc i at i on between intrauterine device and pelvic inflammatory disease is also rported.

경도인지장애와 알츠하이머병 치매의 생물학적 표지자로서 뇌파와 사건유발전위의 임상적 의미

김창규,김현택,이승환,Kim, Chang Gyu,Kim, Hyun-Taek,Lee, Seung-Hwan 대한생물정신의학회 2013 생물정신의학 Vol.20 No.4

Objectives Memory impairment is a very important mental health issue for elderly and adults. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Early detection of the prodromal stage of patients with AD is an important topic of interest for both mental health clinicians and policy makers. Methods Electroencephalograpgy (EEG) has been used as a possible biological marker for patients with MCI, and AD. In this review, we will summarize the clinical implications of EEG and ERP as a biological marker for AD and MCI. Results EEG power density, functional coupling, spectral coherence, synchronization, and connectivity were analyzed and proved their clinical efficacy in patients with the prodromal stage of AD. Serial studies on late event-related potentials (ERPs) were also conducted in MCI patients as well as healthy elders. Even though these EEG and ERP studies have some limitations for their design and method, their clinical implications are increasing rapidly. Conclusion EEG and ERP can be used as biological markers of AD and MCI. Also they can be used as useful tools for early detection of AD and MCI patients. They are useful and sensitive research tools for AD and MCI patients. However, some problems remain to be solved until they can be practical measures in clinical setting.

과학의 향기-현대판 '페이스오프' 재건성형

김창규,Kim, Chang-Gyu 대한결핵협회 2007 보건세계 Vol.55 No.12

태양로의 현황과 전망

김창규,김무길 ( C . G . Kim,M . G . Kim ) 한국주조공학회 1993 한국주조공학회지 Vol.13 No.3

DBPAS를 이용한 CaWO₄ 결정의 결함특성

김창규,안창모,송기영,이종용,Kim, Chang-Gyu,An, Chang-Mo,Song, Gi-Yeong,Lee, Jong-Yong 한국재료학회 2002 한국재료학회지 Vol.12 No.5

DBPAS has been used to characterize atomic level defect structures in materials. In this investigation the numerical analysis of the Doppler spectra was restricted to the determination of the shape parameter, S, defined as the ratio between the total amount of counts in a central portion of the spectrum and the total amount of counts. As samples were exposed by X-ray increasing from 3, 6, and 9 Gy with 6 MV, and 10 MV each and also by E-beam increasing the energies with 6 MeV, 9 MeV, 12 MeV, and 20 MeV. The S-parameter values were increased as increasing the exposed time and the energies. The S-parameters of the large and small size grains in $CaWO_4$ were measured. The S-parameter of the small size grains in $CaWO_4$ was resulted in larger values.

Disciplinary Sport Physiology Health Education , Sport Medicine : 신체 리듬이 혈액 성분 요인에 미치는 영향

김창규,서채문 ( Chang Kyu Kim,Chae Moon Suh ) 한국체육학회 1996 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.1996 No.2