퍼지관계 기법과 인공신경망 기법을 이용한 포항지역의 산사태 취약성 예측 기법 비교 연구

김진엽,박혁진,Kim, Jin Yeob,Park, Hyuck Jin 대한자원환경지질학회 2013 자원환경지질 Vol.46 No.4

Landslides are caused by complex interaction among a large number of interrelated factors such as topography, geology, forest and soils. In this study, a comparative study was carried out using fuzzy relationship method and artificial neural network to evaluate landslide susceptibility. For landslide susceptibility mapping, maps of the landslide occurrence locations, slope angle, aspect, curvature, lithology, soil drainage, soil depth, soil texture, forest type, forest age, forest diameter and forest density were constructed from the spatial data sets. In fuzzy relation analysis, the membership values for each category of thematic layers have been determined using the cosine amplitude method. Then the integration of different thematic layers to produce landslide susceptibility map was performed by Cartesian product operation. In artificial neural network analysis, the relative weight values for causative factors were determined by back propagation algorithm. Landslide susceptibility maps prepared by two approaches were validated by ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve and AUC(Area Under the Curve). Based on the validation results, both approaches show excellent performance to predict the landslide susceptibility but the performance of the artificial neural network was superior in this study area.

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy: A Guide for Treatment Selection

김진엽,Seung Cheol Han,Hyun Jung Lim,김현직,Jeong-Whun Kim,이재서 대한수면학회 2020 sleep medicine research Vol.11 No.1

Identifying the sites, severity, and pattern of upper airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea is crucial for determining the treatment options, particularly the surgical plan. Although early methods of assessment, such as Muller’s maneuver, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging in awake patients have been utilized to assess obstructive sites, the physiologic and anatomical differences between awake and sleeping patients showed a limited ability of those methods as diagnostic tools. Recently, drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) was introduced as a useful diagnostic and evaluation tool to identify dynamic upper airway collapse during sedation that simulates natural sleep. In this article, we review all aspects of DISE, including the technique, evaluation methods, and clinical application.

Validation of Olfactory Questionnaire in Koreans: an Alternative for Conventional Psychophysical Olfactory Tests

Kim Jeong-Whun,Kim Hyo sang,Kim Minju,Kim Su Hwan,Cho Sung-Woo,김진엽 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.6

Background: The patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a worldwide pandemic infection, frequently complain of olfactory disorders. However, psychophysical olfactory tests performed by an examiner are very difficult in these highly infectious patients. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire for olfactory function that can be readily used to evaluate olfactory loss. Methods: Fourteen smell-related questions were created based on smells familiar to Koreans. Among them, questions with a κ value of 0.6 or higher were finally selected through a test-retest reliability analysis. The correlations between the scores of the olfactory questionnaire and those of olfactory function tests (Butanol Threshold Test [BTT] and Cross Cultural Smell Identification Test [CCSIT]) were analyzed. To evaluate the predictive ability of the questionnaire and elicit cutoff values, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. Results: Out of the 14 questions in the questionnaire, 11 (κ > 0.6) were selected for the olfactory questionnaire. We analyzed 2,273 subjects, and there was a significant correlation between the total score of the olfactory questionnaire and the BTT (r = 0.643, P < 0.001) or CCSIT (r = 0.615, P < 0.001) scores. ROC curves for the olfactory questionnaire, BTT, and CCSIT all demonstrated high predictive power to discriminate anosmia and severe hyposmia from normosmia. Regarding mild to moderate hyposmia, however, ROC curve for the olfactory questionnaire alone showed high predictive power of discrimination from normosmia. Based on the results of ROC curves among the subclasses, we suggest the classification of the total score of the questionnaire as 0–4, 5–17, 18–27, 28–41, and 42–44, for anosmia, severe hyposmia, moderate hyposmia, mild hyposmia, and normosmia, respectively. Conclusion: The total scores of the questionnaires correlated with the BTT and CCSIT scores. The symptom questionnaire for olfactory dysfunction may be useful as an alternative tool for olfactory function testing, when unavailable.

삼차신경통의 한의학적 치료에 대한 국내 임상 연구 고찰

차현지,이예지,김효빈,김범석,성기정,이영록,최강민,김진엽,전주현,김은석,김영일,Cha, Hyun Ji,Lee, Ye Ji,Kim, Hyo Bin,Kim, Beom Seok,Sung, Ki Jung,Lee, Young Rok,Choi, Kang Min,Kim, Jin Youp,Jeon, Ju Hyun,Kim, Eun Seok,Kim, Young Il 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2020 혜화의학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Objectives : The aim of this study is to review clinical studies on trigeminal neuralgia treatment through Korean Medicine. Methods : We used search engines such as KISS, RISS, KOREAMED and NDSL. We limited cases as idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia without comorbidities. We excluded dissertation. We considered papers published after year 2000. Results : Fourteen studies were searched for this study. Various treatments such as acupuncture therapy, herbal medicine, moxibustion therapy, manipulation, pharmocopuncture, vomiting therapy were practiced for trigeminal neuralgia. Conclusions : All study were case report and evidence level of the searched studies was not high. They reported meaningful improvement through Korean Medicine treatment and these studies implied effectiveness and safety of Korean Medicine for Trigeminal neuralgia.

토착민의 유전적 정보 무단이용의 규제에 관한 국제법적 고찰 : 생명의학규제 및 인권보호에 관한 국제협약 채택의 필요성을 중심으로

김진엽(Jinyup KIM) 서울국제법연구원 2020 서울국제법연구 Vol.27 No.2

생명의학기술의 급격한 발달과 함께 유전자의 이용이 증가하여 왔으며 이에 따라 일각에서는 유전적 정보에 관한 연구를 바탕으로 질병치료를 위한 새로운 기술의 발달과 같은 긍정적인 측면을 강조하였으나 다른 일각에서는 유전자의 잘못된 이용이 인권침해와 같은 부작용을 야기할 수 있다는 우려 역시 표명되었으며 특히, 장애인이나 소수민족 및 토착민과 같은 취약계층에 대해서 제기되어 왔다. 이와 같은 우려는 토착민의 유전자를 무단으로 이용한 Havasupai 사례 등에서 확인되었으며 특히, 인류게놈다양성 프로젝트 등의 국제적인 토착민의 유전자 이용 역시 시도되었다. 이에 따라, 본 논문에서는 토착민들이 국제적인 차원에서 자신들의 유전자에 관한 무단이용이 발생했을 때 어떻게 적절히 대응할 수 있을지를 제시하기 위해 우선, 현재 관련 국제법 즉, 토착민의 권리를 규정한 국제인권법 및 생명의학 관련 국제선언 등을 분석하였으며 이를 토대로 법적 구속력이 있는 생명의학규제 및 인권보호에 관한 국제협약의 채택이 필요함을 주장하였다. 특히, 생명의학규제 및 인권보호에 관한 국제협약에서 토착민의 유전자에 관련된 권리를 보호하기 위해 어떠한 사항이 규정되어야 하는지, 어떤 이행조치가 채택될 수 있을지에 대해서 동 협약의 목적 및 원칙, 실체적 권리, 절차적 이행수단 등의 세 가지 측면으로 나누어 규정되어야 할 사항에 관하여 제시하였다. With the advancement of life science, particularly biotechnology, the past several decades have witnessed a growing number of use or application of human genetic information. Although such use of genetic information has seen some positive developments, such as new biotechnology to treat diseases, concerns have also been raised, such as misappropriation of genetic information and resultant violations of human rights, particularly for the marginalized including the disabled and indigenous peoples. Recent cases of misuse of the genetic information of indigenous peoples in some countries, such as Havasupai case has demonstrated that their genetic information could be misused by other entities without their permission. In particular, some genetic research projects such as the Human Genome Diversity Project and Genographic project have shown this could happen in a transnational dimension. Accordingly, this article analyzes some relevant international laws and instruments that could be used to tackle such misappropriation of genes of indigenous peoples, finding that although they have some provisions to protect the rights of indigenous peoples to their genes, international instruments are non-legally binding declarations and binding conventions are regional in scope. Therefore, this article argues for the adoption of a so-called ‘International Convention on the Regulation of biomedicine and Protection of human rights’, suggesting some key elements that should be included in the Convention to protect their rights by focusing on principles, substantive rights and procedural instruments.

회화적 재현의 지각에 대하여 -월하임의 “seeing-in”에 대한 인지신경과학적 비판-

김진엽 ( Jinyup Kim ),엄정아 ( Jounga Eom ) 한국영상미디어협회 2016 예술과 미디어 Vol.15 No.1

월하임은 지각 능력을 ‘즉각적인 지각’과 ‘특별한 지각적 능력’으로 구분 한 후회화적 재현의 지각을 ‘특별한 지각적 능력’에 의한 seeing-in으로 설명한다. 즉각적인 지각이 눈앞에 제시된 대상을 지각하는 능력이라면, 특별한 지각적 능력은 눈앞에 제시된 대상에서 눈앞에 제시되지 않은 대상까지 지각하도록 해주는 특별한 능력이다. 이러한 특별한 지각적 능력이 발현된 seeing-in은 회화적 재현의 경우 눈앞에 놓인 캔버스에 칠해진 물감들에서 캔버스에 칠해진 물감들 뿐 아니라 눈앞에 없는 어떤 대상까지 지각하게 된다. seeing-in 즉, seeing y in x는 매체에서 대상을 보는 것으로, 지각자는 눈앞의 매체와 눈앞에 없는 대상을 동시에 지각할 수 있다. 월하임에게 있어서 회화적 재현을 지각한다는 것은 캔버스에 칠해진 물감을 어떤 대상으로써 지각하는 것이 아니라, 캔버스에 칠해진 물감과 어떤 대상에 대한 동시지각의 경험이다. 그리고 이로부터 매체와 대상을 동시에 지각한다는 이중성이 요구된다고 하였다. 월하임은 seeing-in의 이와 같은 현상을 ‘두 국면을 지닌 하나의 경험’으로 설명하였다. 그리고 곰브리치가 잘못된 비유에서 비롯된 잘못된 전제로 회화적 재현의 지각을 캔버스(물감)와 자연(대상)에 대한 대안적인 지각으로 설명하였다고 비판하였다. 하지만 월하임이 이와 같은 생각에 근거로 제시한 두 종류의 지각능력의 존재여부와 이중성 이론에 대한 설명을 인지신경과학적으로 검토해본 결과 회화적 재현의 지각이 직접 대면의 경우와는 다른 특별한 지각적 능력에 의한 것이라는 점을 발견할 수 없었다. 그리고 월하임이 비판했던 곰브리치의 회화적 재현의 지각논의가 오히려 동시대의 인지신경과학적 근거에 더 부합함을 알게 되었다. 월하임은 인간의 시지각 메커니즘에 대한 이해가 부족했기 때문에 회화적 재현의 지각을 시감각의 차원으로 생각하는 오류를 범했다. 지각은 단순히 대상의 외양을 파악하고 그것이 무엇인지 재인하는 정도의 것이 아니라, 해석의 과정이 처음부터 개입되는 것이다. 곰브리치는 회화적 재현의 지각이 해석의 문제와 결부된다는 것을 이해하고 있었고, 그렇기 때문에 그의 회화적 재현의 지각 논의는 동시대의 인지신경과학적 성과에 어긋나지 않을 수 있었다. Wollheim claims for the two classes of seeing, one is by ``straightforward perception`` and the other is by ``a special perceptual capacity``, and seeing-in drives from a special perceptual capacity. Seeing-in is a matter of seeing y(=the object, or what is represented) in x(=the medium or representation) that permits unlimited simultaneous attention to what is seen and to the features of the medium. For Wollheim, perceiving the pictorial representation is not an experience of seeing the medium as an object but an experience of seeing the medium on canvas as well as an object. Wollheim explained this phenomenon of the perception on pictorial representation with the twofold thesis, and criticized Gombrich as being made a wrong assimilation of ``seeing canvas``/``seeing nature`` disjunction to the seeing the duck/seeing the rabbit disjunction. Based on the comtemporary cognitive neuro-scientifical results, this paper examined the Wollheim``s concept of seeing-in and came to the conclusion that Wollheim``s concept of seeing-in is unsound for the comtemporary cognitive neuro-science. Gombrich``s explanation in Art and Illusion which Wollheim have criticized was rather appropriate. Due to the short knowledge on human visual process, Wollheim limited the picture perception on the level of the visual sense. The picture perception is not the matter of seeing the feature of an object and recognize it but the matter of the interpretation. Gombrich had an understanding that the perception is related with an interpretation, therefore he could meet with the cognitive neuro-scientifical results.

아름다움

김진엽(Kim, Jinyup) 조선대학교 조형미술연구소 2013 조형미술논문집 Vol.13 No.2

In this essay, there will be discussion on what beauty is, especially in the matter of how human beings sense it. Presupposing that there is an innate structure which makes human beings sense beauty, in this essay, I will explore the theory of Hume continuing with the theory of Kant and the evolutionary theory to find out what the structure is. I will also indicate the theory of Dewey as the resolution of the contradiction between the theory of Kant and the evolutionary theory. As a consequence of it, it will be argued that the subjective ability to perceive beauty would be possible to obtain in the state of disinterestedness through the interest. Keywords : 아름다움, 취미, 무관심성, 진화 beauty, taste, disinterestedness, evolution

심포지엄 : 미학에 있어서 재현의 문제 ; 가상현실 예술에 대한 미학적 비평

김진엽 ( Jin Yup Kim ) 한국미학예술학회 2005 미학예술학연구 Vol.22 No.-

In our hi-tech culture, one of the most sophisticated technologies in the technical-intensive circumstances is the Virtual Reality System. It makes some experiences of users by high speed digital data transmitting machines which interact instantly with human senses. Their experiences are Schein(the Virtual) like the real, precisely to say, the artificial real. In fact, an Interfaces of the immersed form VR has the highly advanced precision provide users with real-like feelings. For this, the feelings of users, their experiences can be not virtual rather than real. It is VR arts, we here interest in, that are the artistic expressions applicate these high technologies. This article examines these VR arts practices and its virtuality, and also some traditional conceptual relations in aesthetics to it. From 1990s, only a few institutes and high technology developers make VR arts, for its economic and technological properties. We research briefly some major works in this paper: Brenda Laurel & Rachel Strickland, Char Davies, Maurice Benayoun, Jeffrey Shaw, Knowbotic Research, and Monika Fleishmann & Wolfgan Strauss. According to a traditional determination in modern european aesthetics, the Schein is the Art. The german word, Schein is appearance in English, and has semantically a relation to virtuality. In ancient Greece, Plato differed the reality(eidos) from the unreal(doxa). Plato`s the unreality is a something fake. But German Enlightenment critically subverted this determination. It is the very modern german`s concept, Schein. Especially Schiller accepted these enlightenment needs, and he insighted a positivity in these thoughts. He defined the fine art as the aesthetischer Schein, in distinction from Schein. For Schiller, the Art as the aesthetischer Schein provide a ethical, rational, aesthetic liberation which human beings want to achieve fundamentally. Nietzsche who dreamed the reversed metaphysics comprehended a fundamental agony in the world, and he insisted that this agony could be transcended by the Schein, a reversed truth. It is Adorno`s thought that in this era had defined the Schein on the critical ground. He witnessed the totalitarianism of Fascism and Stalinism at his sight. These terrible experiences made him criticize social, political, historical contradictions which instrumental reason had produced. In his critical light, the Schein as the Art uncovers these contradictions, it sublates them, and ultimately gives this culture a flash of hope. The future that high-tech VR desires to construct has some political-economical conditions which might remain hedonic entertainments. But the Art has provided our society and culture a critical possibility which can overcome our contradictory real. VR arts are no exception. In our conclusion from some relational properties of the Schein and virtuality in VR arts, we expect these utopian possibilities.

다원론적 미학을 위하여

김진엽(Kim Jinyup) 현대미술학회 2006 현대미술학 논문집 Vol.10 No.-

In this article, I consider today as an age of Pluralism. This is not only applicable to politics or economics but also to art. Pluralist aesthetics appeared as Monistic aesthetics like Formalism, and Expressivism had declined as various artistic experiments that appeared after Dadaism in 20th century. With this background of a Pluralist Aesthetics I bring some questions; 1) 'Can every work and style be accepted in Pluralism?' 2) 'Is it possible to evaluate goodness or badness in pluralist aesthetics?' 3) 'How can we prove that today is an age of Pluralism?', and 4) 'How can Pluralism exist as the cultural logic of the late capitalism, which standardize art work through market?'.

상표의 혼동가능성에 관련된 판례에 대한 고찰

김진엽(Jinyup Kim) 명지대학교 법학연구소 2024 명지법학 Vol.22 No.2

상표의 본연의 기능은 특정 주체가 제공하는 제품 또는 서비스의 상업적 출처를 제공함으로써 해당 제품 또는 서비스의 사업자를 보호하고 이와 함께 소비자들이 안심하고 해당 제품 또는 서비스를 구매하게 하고자 함이다. 그러나, 상표간의 혼동가능성이 발생할 경우 특정 상표를 소유하고 있는 상표권자는 이로 인해자신의 사업에 손해를 볼 수 있으며 소비자들 역시 자신이 구매하려고 하지 않았던 제품 또는 서비스를 구매하는 경우가 발생할 수 있다. 이에 따라, 유럽연합에서는 상표의 혼동가능성에 대해 규정하고 있으며 이에 관련하여 다수의 판결에서심의한 바 있다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 상표의 혼동가능성에 관한 유럽연합에서의 논의동향에 대해 간략히 살펴본 뒤, 유럽연합 사법재판소의 혼동가능성에 관한 최근 주요 3개 판결에 대해 분석을 진행하였다. 즉, 관련 사건들에서 동 재판소가 다루었던 주요 쟁점들에는 무엇이 있는지 및 재판소가 어떤 입장을 견지하였는지에 대해 분석을 진행하고 이를 토대로, 해당 판결들이 어떤 점을 시사하고있는지에 대해 논의를 진행하였다. The essential function of trademark is to distinguish the goods and services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings. However, if likelihood of confusion between the two trademarks occurs, that could trigger damage to the proprietor of the earlier trademark while customers cannot purchase goods or services they want. Accordingly, domestic courts in many jurisdictions have given verdicts on this important issue and particularly, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) also has handed over some relevant rulings. Therefore, this article would like to focus on judgments on the likelihood of confusion in the CJEU, analyzing main points and issues of the rulings. On that basis, this article aims to discuss controversial and important issues in those rulings.