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      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재후보

        1895年 山東에서의 淸日戰爭과 抗日運動

        金鍾健 대구사학회 2004 대구사학 Vol.76 No.-

        The 1895's Sino-Japanese War was extended from the collision between the armies of two countries dispatched to Chosun(朝鮮), Korea in order to subdue Tonghak(東學) Movement which took place in 1894. It has positively estimated that Japan incited Ch'ing(淸) dispatchment of the army and finally the war of two countries. Up to date how the war developed in Shantung(山東) Province has not been attended to by scholars. This study was intended to look over the development of the war and the anti-Japan movement of the Chinese people after that and to find out what it means historically. Japanese army already seized the critical places of Liaotung(遼東) province by December 1894, and soon after began to prepare the attack against Wei-hai-wei(威海衛) of Shantung Province. And finally on the 20th of January in 1895 Japanese army succeeded in landing Shantung peninsular through Rongcheng(榮成) Bay and occupying all the places of Wei-hai-wei concluding Liukung Island(劉公島). Japan, instead of attacking Peking directly from Liaotung Province by mobilizing the victorious army, chose to attack Wei-hai-wei of Shantung province by mobilizing the navy. First of all they didn't want Ch'ing central government to collapse in the result of occupying Peking and have none to negotiate. And they also feared that powers should intervene in the war. They calculated that they could oppress the Ch'ing government enough, just through demolishing Wei-hai-wei which was the base of Peiyang(北洋) fleet. Although Ch'ing government was well informed that Shantung Province could be attacked by Japanese navy, they couldn't take effective steps against the expected attack. Confusing strategy of war, delayed recruit and supplies, lack of effective command and the absence of fighting spirits were mixed together to cause the thorough defeat. As a result Pei-yang fleet was actually demolished and Wei-hai-wei was seized by Japanese navy. However, Ch'ing Government continued to resist against Japanese army and succeeded in recovering the occupied regions except the harbor of Wei-hai-wei and Liu-kung Island. This success was largely owed to Chinese peoples' resistance. On one hand Ch'ing government strongly went on conducting war against Japan, on the other hand she groped for reconciliation. At the same Japan also dared not to advance the war into the inland of China and hoped to make a treaty with China. Conclusively the battle of Shan-tung Province was very important to both countires, and could be said to be a turning point of whole Sino-Japanese war in 1895.

      • KCI등재후보
      • KCI등재

        한국형 토양유실공식의 GIS 기반 모형에 의한 금강 유역에 대한 토양유실 우심지역 선정에 관한 연구

        김종건,양재의,임경재,김성철,이기하,황상일,유나영,박윤식 한국지하수토양환경학회 2017 지하수토양환경 Vol.22 No.6

        Universal soil loss equation (USLE) has been frequently employed to estimate potential soil loss in land since it was developed based on the statewide data measured and collected in the United States. The equation is an empirical model mainly used for U.S. soil, thus it has been recently modified to reflect Korean soil conditions and named as Korean Soil Loss Equation (KORSLE). The modified equation was implemented in ArcGIS software, and used for estimation of potential soil loss from 2003 to 2016 in the thirty-eight Water Protection Districts. Five out of the thirty-eight districts were identified as the area of potential soil erosion most severly. In those five districts, potential soil erosion were estimated to be more than 50Mg/ha/year that requires site investigation under supervision of the Korean Ministry of Environment. Distinctive site characteristics were found in the potential soil loss estimation such that the districts of low potential soil loss had low five factors in the aggregate. However, if one of more factors are dominantly large, the potential soil loss significantly increased. This study provides a useful tool to identify the potential areas for soil erosion and the important factors that play an important role in the estimation process.

      • 평준화와 우수아 교육

        김종건 일념 1994 교수아카데미총서 Vol.7 No.1

        우수아 교육에 못지않게 사회적 관심의 대상에서 벗어나 있는 학습부진아를 위한 교육, 신체장애를 위한 특수교육, 취업희망자를 위한 직업교육, 그리고 생활지도상의 문제해결을 위한 노력도 기울여야할 필요가 있다. 이러한 여러 방면의 노력이 종합적으로 활기를 띠울 때. 평준화된 고등학교가 안고 있는 문제들이 종합적으로 해결될 가능성이 높아질 것이다. A comparative study of the solid-state reaction (SSR) in a series of Ti/Ni multilayered films (MLF) with a bilayer period of 0.65-22.2 nm and constant Ti to Ni sublayer thickness ratio has been performed by magneto-optical (MO) spectroscopy as well as x-ray diffraction (XRD). The spectral and sublayer-thickness dependences of the MO properties of the Ti/Ni MLF were explained on the basis of the electromagnetic theory. A threshold nominal Ni-sublayer thickness of about 3 nm in the as-deposited Ti/Ni MLF is necessary for observing the equatorial Kerr effect. Such a fact is explained by the formation, by solid-state reaction, of nonmagnetic alloyed regions between pure components. The SSR in the Ti/Ni MLF caused by the low temperature annealing leads to a formation of an amorphous Ti/Ni alloy and takes place mainly in Ti/Ni MLF with "thick" sublayers. In the case of Ti/Ni MLF, MO turns out to be more sensitive in determining the thickness of the reacted zone, while XRD is more useful for the structural analysis. It was also suggested that the very thin nonreacted Ni sublayers have MO properties different from the bulk.

      • KCI등재

        X-ray Mucous Membrane Function Test (X. M. F. T.)에 의한 만성 상악동염의 진단법

        김종건 대한영상의학회 1977 대한영상의학회지 Vol.13 No.2

        The X-ray Mucous Membrane Function Test (X. M. F. T.) is a method of evaluating the functional capacity of the ciliated epithelium of the mucous membrane of the sinus and grade of pathological changes in the tunica propria by demonstrating the images cast by the contrast material (2.5cc of 20% moljodol) injected into the maxillary sinus. This method is essentially different from the conventional simple X-ray studies, because it is able to observe presence and character of the contents within the sinus cavity and also to visualize the sinus orifice and extrasinus structures. The authors performed a modified X-ray Mucous Membrane Function Test (central ray was directed 15。 cauded in erect lateral view) to the patient in whom chronic maxillary sinusitis was suspected clinically during the period of 7 months from February 1975 to August 1975. There results obtained were as follow: 1. A total number of the patient received X. M. F. T. was 90 and sex distribution was 54(60%) males nd 36(40%) females. Most of the patient (82.2%) was distributed in 11-40 years of age and peak incidence (40%) was in 11-20 years of age. 2. Among a total of 90 patients, bilateral X. M. F. T. was performed in 75 patient and unilateral in 15 patient. In a sum of 165 maxillary sinuses, 79 cases (47.88%) were on the right side and 86 cases (52.12.%) were on the left side. 3. Takahashi's classification of moljodol X-ray images, i.e. A) complete diffusely spread type, B) incomplete diffusely spread type, C) spotted type, D) diffuse localized transitional type, E) localized type, F) scattered type were observed in our cases. But we recognized G) non filling type, which Takahashi did not mention. It was due to severe chronic maxillary cinusitis, extensive malignancy and postoperative state of Caldwell-Luc operation. Among 7 basic types, incomplete diffusely spread type (31.5%) and diffuse localized trasitional type (24.2%) showed higher incidence. 4. In analysing the above 7 basic types, t e degree of impairment of the ciliated epithelium of the sinus mucosa was severe in A. B. C. D. E. F. G. in order. 5. The sinus orifice was open in A, B type being mild sinusitis but close in D. E. F. G. type being moderate and severe sinusitis. 6. The incidence of involvement of the other sinuses were higher in D. E. F. G. type than in A. B. C. type and the ethmoid sinus anatomically located near to the maxillary sinus showed higher incidence than the other frontal and sphenoid sinuses. It could be emphasized that X. M. F. T. is a useful method for early detection of maxillary cancer and also could indicate a therapeutic approach to each type of sinusitis to E. N. T. doctor.

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